检测滤波器在FADEC系统传感器FDI中的应用研究

研究将检测滤波器应用于全权限航空发动机控制系统(FADEC)的传感器故障检测和隔离(FDI).完整设计了针对于某型FADEC系统传感器的检测滤波器系统, 然后利用非线性发动机模型进行了仿真。数字仿真结果表明, 检测滤波器是十分有效的。      

无穷维情形下的Rolle定理

设Ω是自反的实Banach空间X中的有界开凸集,Y为一实赋范线性空间。证明了一个无穷维情形下的Rolle定理：如果算子A∶Ω→Y在Ω上强连续,在Ω内Frèchet可微,并且存在Y上的非0连续线性泛函f,使得f（Ax）=0对一切x∈Ω成立,则至少存在一点∈Ω,使对一切u∈X,都成立f（A′（x）u）=0。     

故障检测的集员辨识方法

为了处理数学模型不精确已知系统的故障检测问题,给出了一种故障检测的集员辨识方法。与以往基于模型的故障检测方法相比,该方法不要求模型参数真实值的先验信息。仿真结果验证了该方法的快速性和有效性。     

改进故障隔离的容错联邦滤波

为了解决重置模式下联邦滤波器中子系统故障对导航系统污染的问题,提出利用故障检测函数构建时变量测噪声的容错联邦滤波结构。通过将故障子滤波器等价为量测噪声趋于无穷大的正常系统,来取代传统的故障隔离方法;推导出了子滤波器对应的最优估计值,用以消除子滤波器估计次优性对故障检测的影响;采用动态信息分配系数,以减少故障信息对全局估计的影响。采用惯性/天文/景象/地形(INS/CNS/SMNS/TERCOM)的组合导航系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明该容错联邦滤波方法在子系统发生故障时的估计性能优于故障隔离方法。因此,所提方法具有提高故障子滤波器精度、保证无故障子滤波器鲁棒性以及全局估计精度的优势,具有较高的实用价值。     

用于检测操纵面损伤的故障检测滤波器

针对飞行中典型的操纵面损伤故障,以故障检测滤波器为基础,开发了一种建立在离散模型上的快速、稳定的故障检测及诊断算法,可以在几个采样周期内同时精确检测出多个操纵面的损伤程度,故障检测滤波器的稳定性、收敛性也得到证明,具有较好的实用性。几种组合故障下的仿真研究证实了上述结论。     

航空发动机双重传感器故障诊断逻辑研究

针对航空发动机控制系统的双重传感器故障,提出了一种采用双路容错设计的卡尔曼滤波器故障检测隔离系统.故障检测隔离系统由一系列卡尔曼滤波器组成,每个滤波器都假定2路传感器故障,而以故障支路外的测量值作为输入量.当双重传感器故障发生时,只有不包含故障传感器信息的滤波器保持较低的估计残差,其他滤波器都会产生较大的估计残差,如此双重传感器故障便可以被隔离.利用滤波器组估计残差的特征,进一步设计合理的运算逻辑,系统就可以同时对传感器单一故障进行检测和隔离.为了验证故障诊断系统的有效性,在发动机慢车状态分别对传感器发生双重故障和单一故障的情况进行仿真.仿真结果表明:故障诊断系统能够准确有效地对传感器双重故障和单一故障进行检测和隔离.      

GPS／INS／罗兰C组合导航系统的联合滤波器设计

对于巡航导弹等精确制导武器和军用飞机导航系统，不仅要求高精度，而且要求具有快速的故障检测、隔离、系统重构能力。本文介绍一种将联合滤波技术应用于ＧＰＳ／ＩＮＳ／罗兰Ｃ组合导航系统的设计。理论分析和仿真结构表明，这种设计要比标准的集中式卡尔曼滤波器设计和一般的分散滤波方法具有更好的故障检测、隔离和系统重构能力     

ADAPTIVE MULTIPLE MODEL FILTER USING IMM AND STF

Consider a discrete- time stochastic hybridsystem　 x( k 1 ) =f( k, ( k) ,x( k) ,m( k 1 ) ) ζ( k,m( k 1 ) ) q( k) ( 1 )　 z( k 1 ) =h( k 1 ,x( k 1 ) ,m( k 1 ) ) v( k 1 ,m( k 1 ) ) ( 2 )where state x∈ Rn;measurement z∈ Rm;input∈ Rp;modeling noise q( k)∈ Rqis a zero- mean,Gaussian white noise with covariance Q( k) ;measurement noise v( k 1 )∈ Rm is also a zero-mean,Gaussian white noise with covariance R( k 1 ) ;q( k) and v( k) are statistically indepen-dent. Th…     

基于预滤波器和两级AIME的GNSS/INS超紧组合慢变故障检测

针对包含预滤波器的GNSS/INS非相干超紧组合架构,提出了一种基于预滤波器的两级AIME慢变故障检测方法。该方法首先基于预滤波器构建第1级AIME检测,并设计了关于第1级AIME检测统计量的检测量Kalman滤波器。在发生慢变故障时,第1级AIME故障检测统计量存在递增趋势。对于检测量Kalman滤波器而言,这种递增趋势也可视作一种慢变故障。以检测量Kalman滤波器为基础,构建了第2级AIME检测算法,以达到减小故障检测时间的目的。在单星和两星伪距慢变故障场景下,进行了仿真与对比分析。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够正确识别故障卫星并且可以显著减小慢变故障的检测时间。对于小变化率的慢变故障,所提方法在检测时间上的优势更加明显。     

一种基于故障匹配的多重故障诊断方法

针对航空发动机数控（ FADEC）系统的传感器、执行机构为故障多发部件,并且目前国内的故障检测方法缺乏通用性的问题,基于故障诊断中卡尔曼滤波器的原理,以白噪声作用的一般离散线性随机系统为对象模型,结合多重故障假设法以及智能影响因子改进的残差平方加权和方法处理统计量信息,设计基于多重故障匹配卡尔曼滤波器（ FMKF）的故障诊断系统,可适用于FADEC系统多传感器与执行机构的软、硬故障诊断。仿真结果表明,方法能及时有效地检测到故障元件,并实现故障隔离,较常规滤波器,准确率高。     

Optimal robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filtering with finite-step autocorrelated noises and multiple packet dropouts

In this paper, the optimal robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filtering problem is studied for a class of uncertain systems with finite-step autocorrelated measurement noises and multiple packet dropouts. The system state, measurement output and filter parameters are all subject to stochastic uncertainties or multiplicative noises, where the measurement noises are finite-step autocorrelated. When there exist multiple packet dropouts in the system output, the original system is converted into an auxiliary stochastic uncertain system by the augmentation of system states and measurements. The process noises and measurement noises of the auxiliary system are shown to be finite-step autocorrelated and cross-correlated. Then, a robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filter is designed that is optimal in the minimum-variance sense. The proposed filter is not only robust against the uncertainties in the system model and measurement model, but also non-fragile against the implementation error with the filter parameters. Simulation results are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

飞机的模型参考容错控制

 本文针对飞机内部元件或控制元件的故障,用检测滤波器理论设计了相应的故障检测器和故障参数估计器,并用Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了模型参考自适应容错控制律,从而保证了在内部故障情况下飞行控制系统的稳定性。     

Model-based robust estimation and fault detection for MEMS-INS/GPS integrated navigation systems

In micro-electro-mechanical system based inertial navigation system（MEMS-INS）/global position system（GPS） integrated navigation systems, there exist unknown disturbances and abnormal measurements. In order to obtain high estimation accuracy and enhance detection sensitivity to faults in measurements, this paper deals with the problem of model-based robust estimation（RE） and fault detection（FD）. A filter gain matrix and a post-filter are designed to obtain a RE and FD algorithm with current measurements, which is different from most of the existing priori filters using measurements in one-step delay. With the designed filter gain matrix, the H-infinity norm of the transfer function from noise inputs to estimation error outputs is limited within a certain range; with the designed post-filter, the residual signal is robust to disturbances but sensitive to faults. Therefore, the algorithm can guarantee small estimation errors in the presence of disturbances and have high sensitivity to faults. The proposed method is evaluated in an integrated navigation system, and the simulation results show that it is more effective in position estimation and fault signal detection than priori RE and FD algorithms.     

Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

Regularized Robust Filter for Spacecraft Attitude Determination

A modified regularized robust filter is proposed for spacecraft attitude determination in the presence of relative misalignment of attitude sensors. The filter is designed to minimize the worst-possible residual norm on condition that there is parametric uncertainty in the measurement model. The weighting matrix of the residual norm is designed to minimize the upper bound of the estimation error variance. The performance of the proposed attitude determination robust filter is illustrated with the use of real test data from a real three-floated gyroscope. Simulation results demonstrate that the attitude estimation accuracy is improved by using the proposed algorithm.     

A new approach to robust fault detection and identification

A methodology for instrument fault detection and identification (FDI) in linear dynamical systems subject to plant parameter variations or uncertainties is presented. At the heart of this approach is a robust estimator for which the necessary and sufficient conditions to its existence are outlined. The robust estimator can simultaneously estimate the unmeasurable state variables of the system for the purpose of control and provide necessary information for FDI purposes. A novel feature of this approach is that it can actually identify the shape and magnitude of the failures. The scheme allows for fast and accurate FDI, and can account for structural uncertainties and variations in the parameters of the dynamical model of the system. The overall fault tolerant control system strategy proposed is verified through simulation studies performed on the control of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft in the vertical plane     

Optimal filtering for systems with finite-step autocorrelated noises and multiple packet dropouts

This paper addresses the optimal filtering problem for a class of uncertain dynamical systems with multiple packet dropouts and finite-step correlated observation noises. By rearranging the stochastic terms in the transmission and measurement matrices of the dynamical system into the noises directly, the process noises and observation noises in resulted system depend on the state as well as the stochastic uncertain perturbations, and are not only autocorrelated respectively but also cross-correlated. For this complicated dynamical system, instead of designing a Kalman-type filter, a globally optimal filtering in the minimum mean square error sense is developed by exploiting sufficiently the statistical properties of correlated noises. Numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed filter.     

基于GSPN的机载液压作动系统可靠性模型

机载液压系统具有余度降级、故障检测、隔离等动态时序过程,传统基于两元可靠性模型很难描述其动态行为和性能降级过程.针对这一问题,采用分层聚类和广义随机Petri网相结合建立了机载液压系统可靠性模型.利用该模型,详细分析了故障检测装置的故障检测率对系统可靠性的影响.分析结果表明,由于故障检测装置故障检测率的影响,机载液压作...     

HVDC直流场强仪相敏检波器分析与设计

地面合成电场是高压直流（HVDC）输电线路电磁环境的一个重要指标,测量该电场时需要同时测量其大小和极性。一般测量电场极性的方法是使用相敏检波器。传统的相敏检波器存在因相位不同步而导致检波误差较大的问题,影响了测量结果的准确性。本文从直流场强仪的原理出发,针对传统方式的弊端,设计了相敏检波器电路,基于该电路的工作原理分析了相位不同步所引起的检波误差,并采用全通滤波器补偿相位差。实验证明,该电路能够灵活、准确地补偿相位误差,从而解决传统设计方法中相位不同步的问题,实现了全波检波,进而分辨电场极性,满足了地面合成电场测量的需求。