Professional environment for knowledge workers: educators'responsibilities

It is argued that educators possess the potential for having the greatest impact on developing a knowledge worker's professional identity and that because of this they must also bear the greatest responsibility for this development. They can impact the students directly by presenting seminars with professionally related content, by incorporating such topics into their classroom lectures, and by serving as appropriate role models. Educators can also assist, indirectly, by supporting an encouraging membership and active participation in the local IEEE Student Branch     

Professional environment for knowledge workers: employers'responsibilities

Knowledge workers, including engineers and computer professionals, are recognized as being among the most valuable assets of high-technology employers. The employers' responsibilities in establishing and maintaining a mutually rewarding relationship are discussed. The value of adequate facilities, tools, and support personnel for ensuring competitive productivity by knowledge workers is considered. The employers' responsibility for assisting knowledge workers in avoiding technical obsolescence through programs to maintain technical competence is examined. The total compensation package is discussed along with alternate career paths to be made available. The responsibility of the employer to maintain high moral and ethical standards is stressed     

ISE: intelligent synthesis environment for future aerospace systems

The Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) being developed by NASA, UVA, and JPL for significantly enhancing the rapid creation of innovative affordable products and missions is described. ISE uses a synergistic combination of leading-edge technologies, including high-performance computing, high-capacity communications and networking, virtual product development, knowledge-based engineering, computational intelligence, human-computer interaction, and product information management. The environment will link scientists, design teams, manufacturers, suppliers, and consultants who participate in the mission synthesis, as well as in the creation and operation of the aerospace system. It will radically advance the process by which complex science missions are synthesized, and high-tech engineering systems are designed, manufactured, and operated. The evolution of engineering design is described along with the shortcomings of current product development techniques. The need for ISE to create high-science payoff missions and aerospace systems at affordable costs is discussed. The five major components critical to ISE and some of their sub-elements are described: namely, human-ISE interaction; infrastructure for distributed collaboration; rapid synthesis and simulation tools; intelligent life-cycle system integration; and cultural change in the creative process. Related government and industry programs are outlined and future impact of ISE on complex missions and aerospace systems is discussed.     

职场

裁员专家刘劲飞是名副其实的职场判官,每天固定的工作内容,便是受雇于国内外五百强公司,以砍瓜切菜的方式彪悍裁员。数以万计的职场兄弟姐妹,经他手被裁后,迎来了深不见底的悠长假期。虽然人在职场飘,难免会被裁,其中也有屡裁屡战的励志角色,但总的来说,在今时今日,被裁当真伤不起,高管被裁容易变身失能老人;中层被裁难寻优质东家;白领被裁蜕变为草根蚁族……作为裁员专家,刘劲飞见多了职场上形形色色的毛病,太明白     

Night vision devices for ground environment

The PM N-V/RSTA is procuring the Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) thermal imaging system for use in combat and tactical wheeled vehicles. The DVE uses uncooled forward looking infrared technology compared to the I² technology currently in the field. During the development of the DVE several issues were raised regarding how specific aspects of system design were related to driver performance. As a result, DCS Corporation developed a data collection effort to provide the DVE project leader with needed performance data that could act as a foundation for making program decisions     

Foreword: Advances in space environment research

Space Science Reviews -     

飞机载荷/环境谱编制研究及应用

阐明了编制恰当的载荷/环境谱是飞机结构疲劳、损伤容限和耐久性设计或现有机种寿命评定中的首要工作,它对后续的分析和试验工作的成败、经费、工作量和时间都有重大的影响。介绍了根据不同的工作任务和技术要求,有多种形式的载荷/环境谱及相应的编谱方法,主要对载荷/环境谱的编制技术进行了研究,提出了具有指导意义的一般性方法,最后给出了某型飞机的载荷环境谱。     

Integrating diagnostic knowledge

The use of artificial intelligence technique to access, analyze, and integrate different types of knowledge under a single diagnostic concept is described. Repair statistics and field experience are handled by an empirical knowledge (shallow reasoning) diagnostic system in order to retain the experience of expert test personnel. Computer-aided-design knowledge is handled by model-based (deep reasoning) diagnostic systems in order to extract diagnostics directly from design data. Combining these approaches overcomes limitations of the individual techniques and provides a more powerful diagnostic system. The Westinghouse expert diagnostic system is considered as an example     

武器系统虚拟样机设计环境

根据当前武器系统设计的需要,对武器系统虚拟样机设计环境进行了讨论。首先介绍了虚拟样机（ＶＰ）研究的背景及其在武器系统设计中的意义。然后重点探讨了虚拟样机以及虚拟样机设计环境的概念,并对武器系统虚拟样机设计环境的系统结构以虚拟样机建模和虚拟实验进行了详细介绍,提出了旨在面向大型复杂武器系统的虚拟样机及设计环境的研究与开发思路。     

校园网环境下高校MIS建设中的若干非技术因素

高校管理信息系统 (MIS)是一个基于Intranet的人 -机系统 ,其中非技术因素对MIS的影响至关重要。目前 ,对高校MIS的认识大多为重技术 ,轻管理 ;重开发 ,轻维护 ;重计算机 ,轻人员 ,针对上述原因 ,开展对高校MIS建设中的若干非技术因素进行探讨 ,提出了在高校MIS建设中的管理重组问题和人的问题等     

Nonlinear target enhancement for the hostile nuclear environment

A necessary requirement of a strategic defence system is the detection of incoming nuclear warheads in an environment that may include nuclear detonations of undetected or missed target warheads. A computer model which simulates incoming warheads as distant endoatmospheric targets is described. A model of the electromagnetic noise expected in the nuclear environment is developed. Predicted atmospheric effects are also included. The ability of nonlinear image enhancement algorithms to their ability to suppress the noise and atmospheric effects of the nuclear environment is examined. These algorithms are then tested, using the combined target and noise models, and evaluated in terms of noise removal and their ability to resolve closely spaced targets     

高超声速飞行器舵面作动器舱环境设计及应用

针对高超声速飞行器热结构区域作动器舱环境控制相关技术进行研究,包括耐热结构可重复使用防热设计、外部热结构的作动器舱热防护构型设计和作动器舱动密封设计等。根据舱体的不同部位采用隔热式、辐射式和热沉式的防热构型,而作动器与舱体的运动间隙密封则采用一体式动密封构件。通过隔热特性分析、承载能力分析和热设计仿真分析等手段,优选出合理的热防护系统的适用参数。     

Gas-rich meteorites: Probes for particle environment and dynamical processes in the inner solar system

The discovery in the early sixties of precompaction solar wind irradiation records in the gas-rich meteorites opened up the possibility of studying the solar activity at different epochs in the distant past. Subsequent studies in several meteorites have led to the discovery of the precompaction records of irradiation of constituent grains by solar wind, solar flare and galactic cosmic ray particles. There are also microcraters resulting from their collisions with interplanetary dust grains. Analyses of these records and their observed similarity with those found in the lunar samples led to the hypothesis that the precompaction records in individual components of these meteorites were imprinted while they were residing in the near surface region of their parent bodies, most probably the asteroids. Although the asteroids are the most plausible candidates for the parent bodies of gas-rich meteorites, there exist certain dynamical arguments which tend to favor a cometary origin in certain cases. Also, recent studies indicate that in the case of gas-rich carbonaceous chondrites solar flare irradiation of grains may have occurred prior to formation of the parent bodies.In this review we summarize the significant advances that have taken place in the multi-disciplinary studies (petrography, chemistry, and radiation effects) of the gas-rich meteorites and critically evaluate the present state of our knowledge regarding the origin and evolution of the gas-rich meteorites. The information on the spatial and temporal variations in the interplanetary radiation and particle fluxes, obtained from the analysis of precompaction irradiation records in these meteorites is presented and further studies in certain specific topics are suggested for resolving some of the unsolved problems.     

Systematic methods for knowledge acquisition and expert systemdevelopment [for combat aircraft]

Nine cooperating rule-based systems, collectively called AUTOCREW which were designed to automate functions and decisions associated with a combat aircraft's subsystems, are discussed. The organization of tasks within each system is described; performance metrics were developed to evaluate the workload of each rule base and to assess the cooperation between the rule bases. Simulation and comparative workload results for two mission scenarios are given. The scenarios are inbound surface-to-air-missile attack on the aircraft and pilot incapacitation. The methodology used to develop the AUTOCREW knowledge bases is summarized. Issues involved in designing the navigation sensor selection expert in AUTOCREW's NAVIGATOR knowledge base are discussed in detail. The performance of seven navigation systems aiding a medium-accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) was investigated using Kalman filter covariance analyses. A navigation sensor management (NSM) expert system was formulated from covariance simulation data using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the ID3 algorithm     

知识管理综述

随着知识经济的发展,知识管理作为管理科学和信息科学交叉研究领域引起越来越多的关注.在对知识管理与知识工程,以及知识管理与信息管理等相关概念进行阐述的基础上,描述了知识管理的实施现状及其存在的问题,并从信息处理技术角度对知识采集、知识表示和知识应用等知识管理的三大要素以及制造业企业实施知识管理的关键技术进行了论述,最后对知识管理相关技术的研究方向进行了展望.     

Current knowledge of Venus

As an introduction to the remaining papers in this issue, a summary is given of our current knowledge of Venus, with emphasis on recent progress and on the contributions to be expected from the Pioneer Venus missions. Headings are surface and interior, clouds and lower atmosphere, dynamics and thermal structure, neutral upper atmosphere, and ionosphere and solar-wind cavity.     

Knowledge-based system for multi-target tracking in a littoral environment

The paper addresses how to efficiently exploit the knowledge-base (KB), e.g. environmental maps and characteristics of the targets, in order to gain improved performance in the tracking of multiple targets via measurements provided by a ship-borne radar operating in a littoral environment. In this scenario, the nonhomogeneity of the surveillance region makes the conventional tracking systems (not using the KB) very sensitive to false alarms and/or missed detections. It is demonstrated that an effective use of the KB can be exploited at various levels of the tracking algorithms so as to significantly reduce the number of false alarms, missed detections, and false tracks and improve true target track life. The KB is exploited at two different levels. First, some key parameters of the tracking system are made dependent upon the track location, e.g., sea, land, coast, meteo zones (i.e., zones affected by meteorological phenomena) etc. Second, modifications are introduced to cope with a priori identified regions nit hi high clutter density (e.g. littoral areas, roads, meteo zones etc.). To evaluate the behavior of the proposed knowledge-based tracking systems, extensive results are presented using both simulated and real radar data     

深空探测发动机热环境研究

对深空探测发动机热环境进行了分析,发现深空探测发动机喷管将给探测器辐射较高热量;为了尽可能阻止热量散发至探测器,拟采用热阻材料;采用热阻材料后,喷管壁温较没有热阻材料时高,但还在使用范围之内.热防护分析方法经过了地面试车验证,计算结果与试车测量值符合较好.