一种基于EPLL技术的自适应正交解调技术研究

针对过零检测实现的全数字锁相环不仅锁相速度慢, 而且过零点的扰动会 直接影响锁相精度以及适合模拟电路实现的相干解调技术,在数字电路中实现则需要设 计高阶数字低通滤波器,将占用大量数字电路资源并且会显著增加系统功耗等问题,在 设计一种新型全数字锁相环(All-digital Enhanced Phase-lock Loop,EPLL)的基础上,结合自 适应正交解调技术,提出了一种基于EPLL 技术的自适应正交解调技术方案,并对该方 案进行了研究与仿真。仿真得到了满意的结果,验证了基于EPLL 技术的自适应正交解 调技术方案的可行性,并研究验证了算法的参数变化对其性能的影响,为今后算法在数 字系统中的实现以及其在各领域的应用研究奠定了坚实的基础。     

On-Board Image Compression for the RAE Lunar Mission

The requirements, design, implementation, and flight performance of an on-board image compression system for the lunar orbiting Radio Astronomy Explorer-2 (RAE-2) spacecraft are described. The image to be compressed is a panoramic camera view of the long radio astronomy antenna booms used for gravity-gradient stabilization of the spacecraft. A compression ratio of 32 to 1 is obtained by a combination of scan line skipping and adaptive run-length coding. The compressed imagery data are convolutionally encoded for error protection. This image compression system occupies about 1000 cm2 and consumes 0.4 W.     

Telecommunications Technology in Metropolitan Areas

The electronic communication technology available today offers the possibility of changing many patterns of information transfer in urban areas. There are three major trends which are converging to make this change possible. These are: 1) the technology to permit wideband information transfer manifested in the existing 2300/CATV/Cable System and in modification of the Bell network for wideband services; 2) the potential demand for a vast range of new services to persons operating in the urban areas; 3) the increasing demands for meeting mobile information transfer needs in the urban areas through radio systems operating in the 100 to 1000 MHz part of the spectrum. The extent to which these trends are allowed to converge will be a function of the quality of telecommunication policy formulation and execution. In order to formulate policy, it is necessary to have a vision of the future toward which to work. This paper will discuss the types of services possible with the technology presently available, which will have impact on future policy decisions.     

通信系统电磁兼容性设计

一个设计不好的无线电发射机, 工作时产生的谐波十分严重, 而接收设备又对电磁干扰非常敏感。本文介绍了发射机谐波的抑制方法和接收机抗干扰技术体制, 实现自适应通信, 确保通信质量。     

Synchrotron nebulae

The most frequent manifestation of synchrotron nebulae is the radio emission emanating from radio galaxies and supernova remnants. In general the synchrotron spectra of these objects do not extend into optical and x-ray domains presumably because the high energy electrons needed to sustain such emission are too short-lived. In fact, we knew of only one class of objects in which synchrotron nebulae are observed at frequencies above the radio, namely Crab-like supernova remnants (SNR). In these instances, a central pulsar is presumed to continually accelerate electrons up to the requisite energies, thus balancing the high synchrotron loss rate. The first part of this talk will discuss the available x-ray observations of these sources as well as some of the difficulties in their interpretation. The last part of the talk will be concerned with a new class of synchrotron nebulae associated with binary star systems.     

Design and Application of a DSP Controller for Giant Magnetostrictive Smart Structure

It is proposed a digital signal processing (DSP) controller used in the control system of six degree-of-freedom (DOF) giant mag-netostrictive smart structure (GMSS). Also are presented the controller design and its implementation, the embedded adaptive least mean-square (LMS) control algorithm and the real-time experiments of GMSS. Three programs are embedded in this controller. Of them are the adaptive LMS control algorithm and the other two which are used to search for the optimal values for the initial weight vectors. Moreover, the work flow and the control approach of the GMSS with the DSP controller are introduced. The experimental results indi-cate that the DSP controller has better control precision and real-time property, and the damping effect is up to 20 dB-30 dB.     

基于浸入与不变理论的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制

针对惯性参数不确定的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题，基于浸入与不变（I&I）方法设计出了一种新的姿态跟踪控制器。研究结果表明，传统的浸入与不变方法运用到姿态跟踪模型，存在参数回归矩阵不可积进而导致偏微分方程无解析解的问题。针对该问题，提出了一种对回归矩阵改造使其满足可积条件的方法，通过动态放缩技术消除了回归矩阵改造前后的差异对闭环系统稳定性的影响，设计出了一种新的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制器。通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相对于已有的基于动态放缩法的浸入与不变控制器，设计了一种全新的缩放因子，使得控制器的执行不需要缩放因子的信息，并且也不需要惯量矩阵的先验信息。最后，仿真对比实验进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

Vehicular remote tolling services using EGNOS

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will significantly improve the performance of current navigation systems, providing new and enhanced capabilities. This will enable the implementation of innovative and advanced services and applications closer to the user's needs. In this framework, the road sector is one of the major potential markets for GNSS applications and, therefore, it is very promising for future EGNOS and GALILEO related applications. Satellite navigation receivers are now commonly installed in cars as a key tool for proving new services to people on the move such as electronic charging, real-time traffic information, emergency calls, route guidance, fleet management, or advance driving assistance systems. Specifically, a very important commercial opportunity is represented by the tolling-related applications. This paper describes the Vehicular Remote Tolling (VeRT) Project sponsored by Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) and performed in the frame of the first GJU Call under the EC VI Framework Programme. The overall design of the service provision architecture is also presented in this paper, together with the main topics related to the following activities focused on the service prototype demonstrator development.     

Some Effects of Hard Limiting in Adaptive Antenna Systems

Adaptive antennas are often implemented with the Applebaum-Howells-type adaptive processor usually include a hard limiter between each antenna port and its correlation mixer, primarily for dynamic range compression. Brennan and Reed [3] analyzed the effects of hard limiting, and their conclusions suggest that it does not degrade the steady-state performance of the adaptive processor. Standard and hard-limited processors are compared and it is shown that when the two types of processor have the same sensitivity threshold, the hard-limited one can fail to provide sufficient interference cancellation when the correlation matrix of input signals has two or more eigenvalues of differing magnitudes. The consequence of hard limiting is that (depending on the processor design parameters) the larger of two or more signals can capture the hard limiter, allowing the smaller signals to pass through the processor essentially unattenuated. It is also shown that when a hard-limited processor is designed to provide the same cancellation as a standard one, it must have essentially as large a dynamic range as the standard, processor; therefore, it offers no advantage of dynamic range compression. Moreover, the hard-limited processor lacks a constant sensitivity threshold, which can be a desirable feature of a standard processor. Specific examples are presented for identical-element array antennas and for multiple-beam antennas.     

Multifunctional structures technology experiment on Deep Space 1Mission

Lockheed Martin Astronautics has developed the Multifunctional Structure (MFS) concept as a new system for spacecraft design that eliminates chassis, cables, connectors and folds the electronics into the walls of the spacecraft. Concurrent engineering will be essential to integrate the electronic, structure, and thermal design. Design methodologies are in work to manage all power, grounding and shielding concerns. The MFS approach offers significant savings in mass and volume and supports the “faster-better-cheaper” philosophy in new spacecraft programs. The technology will be demonstrated as an experiment on the New Millenium Program Deep Space 1 (DS 1) mission     

一种具有自适应能力的结构综合方法

 从工程应用的可靠性出发,本文提出一种具有自适应能力的结构综合方法(简称ASSM算法)及保证其实施的一系列技术途径,通过各种典型算例的考核计算,表明ASSM算法具有很高的计算效率及良好的适应能力,即使对于较复杂的算例,也仅需5～6次结构分析即可达到或接近优化设计,显示了自适应方法的优势。     

Design and Evaluation of an Adaptive MTI Filter

The design and evaluation of an adaptive moving target indicator (MTI) filter, the adaptive canceler for extended clutter (ACEC) is dealt with, taking into consideration adaptivity to clutter mean Doppler frequency. This consideration is one of the most important operational requirements in adaptive MTI's and permits a relatively simple hardware implementation as compared to more general optimization and adaptivity criteria (briefly described). The ACEC's algorithm compensates in real time for the clutter mean Doppler frequency. Performances have been obtained by digital computer simulation in various operational conditions.     

An approach to knowledge-aided covariance estimation

This paper introduces a parametric covariance estimation scheme for use with space-time adaptive processing (STAP) methods operating in heterogeneous clutter environments. The approach blends both a priori knowledge and data observations within a parameterized model to capture instantaneous characteristics of the cell under test (CUT) and reduce covariance errors leading to detection performance loss. We justify this method using both measured and synthetic data. Performance potential for the specific operating conditions examined herein include: 1) averaged behavior within roughly 2 dB of the optimal filter, 2) 1 dB improvement in exceedance characteristic relative to the optimal filter, highlighting improved instantaneous capability, and 3) impervious ness to corruptive target-like signals in the secondary data (no additional signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINK) loss, compared with 10 dB or greater loss for the standard STAP implementation), with corresponding detections comparable to the optimal filter case     

Parametric Rao Test for Multichannel Adaptive Signal Detection

The parametric Rao test for a multichannel adaptive signal detection problem is derived by modeling the disturbance signal as a multichannel autoregressive (AR) process. Interestingly, the parametric Rao test takes a form identical to that of the recently introduced parametric adaptive matched filter (PAMF) detector for space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in airborne surveillance radar systems and other similar applications. The equivalence offers new insights into the performance and implementation of the PAMF detector. Specifically, the Rao/PAMF detector is asymptotically (for large samples) a parametric generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), due to an asymptotic equivalence between the Rao test and the GLRT. The asymptotic distribution of the Rao test statistic is obtained in closed form, which follows an exponential distribution under the null hypothesis H ₀ and, respectively, a noncentral Chi-squared distribution with two degrees of freedom under the alternative hypothesis H ₁. The noncentrality parameter of the noncentral Chi-squared distribution is determined by the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of a temporal whitening filter. Since the asymptotic distribution under H ₀ is independent of the unknown parameters, the Rao/PAMF asymptotically achieves constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Numerical results show that these results are accurate in predicting the performance of the parametric Rao/PAMF detector even with moderate data support.     

Modular Stores Management System

Advanced Military aircraft operational requirements demand an ever increasing variety and quantity of Stores, coupled with continuous improvement in mission success, safety of operation, aircrew and groundcrew workload, interoperability and ground support facilities. Until now these ever more demanding requirements have been met by costly customized stores management system designs. GEC Avionics has surveyed the potential SMS requirements of a comprehensive range of aircraft and weapon types, in order to define a universal SMS design concept based on system availability, integrity and reliability, operational functions, peripheral interfaces and maintenance/human factors. This advanced concept not only includes provision for all existing weapon types but also has growth potential for the evolving MIL-STD-1760 weapon interfaces. System interface requirements have been rationalized in order to achieve a Modular Stores Management System (MSMS) design based on major factors such as cost, mission requirements and customer specifications. The key work for a successful MSMS design is flexibility and GEC Avionics has evolved a set of standard modules which can be packaged to satisfy specific customer needs. Typically, the standard modules provide over 80% of the hardware in every Stores Management application. The MSM concept features much reduced development costs and timescales, commonality between aircraft types minimizing parts inventory, VLSI technology providing high reliability and a common product support and maintenance philosophy. The MSM design offers a highly cost effective low risk concept for meeting the needs of modernization and new aircraft programs.     

Mobile Satellite Plans and Status

A variety of new communication functions will become available near the end of the decade when mobile satellite services (MSS) are introduced commercially in the United States and Canada. Mobile radios, hand carried radios and small fixed transponders will communicate directly through satellites into the telephone network or to private base stations. Voice, data, and position fixing services will be distance insensitive with good performance in difficult terrain and remote locations. Experiments with NASA satellites and studies in the U.S. and Canada demonstrated the technical feasibility and practical applications of mobile satellites. In 1983 Mobile Satellite Corporation, followed by Skylink Corporation, applied to the FCC for authorization to build and operate a land and aeronautical mobile satellite system for the United States. Canada had advanced its plans for an MSAT system. In response to these initiatives, the FCC issued a ``Notice of Proposed Rulemaking' that proposed the allocation of radio spectrum for the new service and asked for applications from prospective providers. Twelve applications were received. The shortage of radio spectrum in the U.S. has resulted in much contention over the proposed allocations, and the numerous applications have introduced competing systems concepts. The paper describes a likely system implementation, its services and markets, and the current regulatory status.     

A new SINS/GPS sensor fusion scheme for UAV localization problem using nonlinear SVSF with covariance derivation and an adaptive boundary layer

The state estimation strategy using the smooth variable structure filter(SVSF) is based on the variable structure and sliding mode concepts. As presented in its standard form with a fixed boundary layer limit, the value of the boundary layer width is not precisely known at each step and may be selected based on a priori knowledge. The boundary layer width reflects the level of uncertainty in the model parameters and disturbance characteristics, where large values of the boundary layer width lead to robustness without optimality and small values of the boundary layer width provide optimality with poor robustness. As a solution and to overcome these limitations, an adaptive smoothing boundary layer is required to achieve greater robustness and suitable accuracy.This adapted value of the boundary layer width is obtained by minimizing the trace of the a posteriori covariance matrix. In this paper, the proposed new approach will be considered as another alternative to the extended Kalman filters(EKF), nonlinear H1 and standard SVSF-based data fusion techniques for the autonomous airborne navigation and self-localization problem. This alternative is based on strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and GPS data using the nonlinear SVSF with a covariance derivation and adaptive boundary layer width.Furthermore, the full mathematical model of the SINS/GPS navigation system considering the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) position, velocity and Euler angle as well as gyro and accelerometer biases will be used in this paper to estimate the airborne position and velocity with better accuracy.     

Design, implementation and evaluation of parallel pipelined STAP onparallel computers

Performance results are presented for the design and implementation of parallel pipelined space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms on parallel computers. In particular, the issues involved in parallelization, our approach to parallelization, and performance results on an Intel Paragon are described. The process of developing software for such an application on parallel computers when latency and throughput are both considered together is discussed and tradeoffs considered with respect to inter and intratask communication and data redistribution are presented. The results show that not only scalable performance was achieved for individual component tasks of STAP but linear speedups were obtained for the integrated task performance, both for latency as well as throughput. Results are presented for up to 236 compute nodes (limited by the machine size available to us). Another interesting observation made from the implementation results is that performance improvement due to the assignment of additional processors to one task can improve the performance of other tasks without any increase in the number of processors assigned to them. Normally, this cannot be predicted by theoretical analysis     

A Backstepping Simple Adaptive Control Application to Flexible Space Structures

Although the simple adaptive control (SAC) is widely studied both in theory and application in flexible space structure control and other control problems, it is restricted by the almost strictly positive real (ASPR) conditions. In most practical control problems, the ASPR conditions are not satisfied. Therefore, based on the SAC theory, this paper proposes a backstepping simple adaptive control algorithm which suits the system with arbitrary relative degree with no need of parallel feedforward compensator. The proposed control algorithm consists of decomposition of the arbitrary relative degree system into a known subsystem and an unknown ASPR subsystem which are connected in cascade, design of constant output feedback controller for the known subsystem, and implementation of backstepping method and SAC of the unknown ASPR subsystem. Inheriting the characteristics of the SAC, this method can be adaptive online for the parameter uncertainties. Then, the application of the proposed controller to large flexible space structure with collocated sensors and actuators is studied, and the simulation results validate the proposed controller. It is a new strategy to apply the classical SAC to high relative degree plants.     

多目标翼型优化设计基因算法研究

本文把基因算法用于多目标翼型优化设计,针对基因算法的搜索原理和气功外形特点,提出了与之相适应的Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ曲线基因表达,构造了用于优化设计的适应度函数,发展了一种小种群演化方法。针对小种群基因算法中出现的近亲繁殖问题,提出了远亲配对策略、构造了自适应非均匀变异算子,提高了算法的收敛速度。文中最后给出了基于全位势方程求解程序的翼型重构反设计以及单目标和多目标翼型优化算例。