Detection Performance of the Cell Averaging LOG/CFAR Receiver

The cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver is a special implementation of a constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) receiver in which the noise level estimate is derived from a set of contiguous time samples of the output of a logarithmic (LOG) detector as obtained from a tapped delay line. This CFAR receiver is capable of operating over a larger dynamic range of noise levels than a conventional cell averaging CFAR receiver, but with somewhat poorer detectability. The performance in stationary Gaussian noise of the cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver with no post-detection integration is determined in this paper. For a small number of reference noise samples, results were obtained by a Monte Carlo simulation using the technique of importance sampling. For a large number of reference noise samples, a second moment analysis gave the desired results. Both these results can be summarized in the following simple formula, NLOG = 1.65NLIN - 0.65, which relates the number of reference samples required by each of the two receivers for equivalent performance. Thus, for the cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver to give the same detection performance as the conventional cell averaging CFAR receiver, the number of reference noise samples has to be increased by up to 65 percent.     

Analysis of Some Modified Cell-Averaging CFAR Processors in Multiple-Target Situations

A serious degradation of detection probability (Pd) in a cellaverging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) detector is known to be caused by the presence of an interfering target in the set of reference cells. A technique which is often used to prevent excessive false alarms at clutter ?edges? is a ?greatest of? (GO) selection between the leading and lagging sets of cells (GO-CFAR). However, it is demonstrated for a Rayleigh target that the abovementioned suppression effect is more acute in the GO-CFAR. Practically, detection of closely separated targets is almost inhibited. Selection of the ?smallest of? (SO) the means for the adaptive threshold has been proposed to alleviate this problem. An analytic expression for Pd of this detector is also derived, and it is shown that though it does prevent the suppression effect, a large sensitivity loss is introduced unless the number of reference cells is sufficiently large. A modified CO-CFAR detector, combining a ?censoring? circuit, is proposed for automatic detection in a complex nonhomogeneous environment.     

Detectability Loss Due to "Greatest Of" Selection in a Cell-Averaging CFAR

Curves are presented showing the additional constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) loss which results when a "greatest of" logic is imple mented between the leading and lagging sets of reference cells. Thee analytical results for a square law detector and a Swerling case 1 fluctuating target are supplemented by simulation results for a nonfluctuating target, and envelope and logarithmic detector laws.     

基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法

 考虑到惯导信息辅助GPS(GPS/INS)接收机对干扰抑制实时性的要求,提出一种基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法。自适应广义旁瓣相消(GSC)多采用低复杂度最小均方(LMS)算法更新权矢量,收敛速率较低,严重时会导致接收机定位中断。首先利用Householder变换构建GSC下支路的阻塞矩阵,用于阻塞任意二维阵型阵列接收的期望信号;再用Kalman滤波自适应更新下支路权矢量,从而有效提高阵列输出信干噪比(SINR)。理论分析和仿真结果说明本文方法可有效抑制干扰对接收机的影响,且具有实时性高的特点。     

Variable Format Radar Receiver Using a SAW Convolver

A technique for receiving radar pulse trains is presented [which can be of a variable format in the sense that they vary from pulse to pulse]. The heart of the receiver is a sufrace ascoustic wave (SAW) convolver. In addition to prsenting experimental results for variable format waveform reception, it is shown that the convolver can easily generate ambiguity functions for virtually any waveform, and specific results for signals such as Barker codes and linear FM (chirp) waveforms are presented.     

Studies of Logarithmic Radar Receiver Using Pulse-Length Discrimination

Using a logarithmic amplifier giving a detected output followed by a high-pass filter is a technique for reducing adverse effects of distributed clutter in radar receivers. A pulse-length discriminator (PLD) used as the high-pass filter is treated here. Theoretical and experimental results for the loss in detectability introduced by this receiver, as compared with a matched filter or a good approximation thereto, have been obtained. For the case of single-hit detection, losses of 4 to 8 dB are introduced by the logarithmic amplifier/pulse-length discriminator (LOG AMP/PLD) combination; for post-detection integration, the losses are reduced to 2 to 4 dB. The latter values would apply where the LOG AMP/PLD output is presented on a PPI (plan position indicator). Some experimental results of the ability of the LOG AMP/PLD receiver to reject signals of incorrect pulse length show that signals exceeding the design pulse length by more than 25 to 50 percent are effectively suppressed. No significant short-pulse discrimination is obtained from the receiver.     

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的GNSS接收机抗线性调频干扰技术研究

研究了分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transform,FRFT)抗线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulation,LFM)干扰技术,提出了一种基于FRFT域幅度一阶矩的逐精度求取最佳变换阶次的方法,并针对连续LFM干扰提出了一种求取最佳变换阶次的策略。同时针对全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)中的LFM干扰,对信号的预处理、阈值的自适应选取做了研究与分析,给出了相应的处理方法。仿真结果表明,该方法能够减少抗连续LFM干扰时求取最佳变换阶次的计算量,而且可以有效抑制GNSS接收机中的LFM干扰。     

Efficient Transmission of Graphics Using Polyomino Filtering at the Receiver

A simple new coding scheme has been developed which increases the transmission efficiency for graphics by a factor of 2, or what amounts to the same, can transmit two documents over the initial channel used to transmit a single picture, while preserving the subjective picture quality. Based on the exploration of polyominoes, the initial message is submitted to a well-defined information extraction process at the transmitter and a corresponding reconstruction manipulation for message display at the receiver.     

空域CFAR处理方法综述

综述了空域恒虚警（Constanl False Alarm Rate,CFAR）处理研究的发展、现状和最新进展。首先,讨论了空域CFAR处理的概念及其在整个CFAR处理中所处的位置;然后,将空域CFAR处理算法分为ML类、OS类和自适应算法,介绍了每类CFAR算法的研究现状;最后,展望了空域CFAR处理算法的发展,指出...     

Analysis of CFAR performance in Weibull clutter

Recent interest has focused on order statistic-based (OS-based) algorithms for calculating radar detection thresholds. Previous analyses of these algorithms are extended, to determine closed-form approximations for the signal-to-clutter ratio required to achieve a particular probability of detection in clutter environments whose amplitude statistics are modeled by the Weibull distribution, and where the clutter dominates receiver noise. Performance is evaluated in both homogeneous and inhomogenous clutter. The analysis shows that the OS-based algorithm is quite robust against both interference and clutter edges. A method is suggested for improving performance at clutter inhomogeneities for short-range targets     

Suppression of Surface Burn in Grinding of Titanium Alloy TC4 Using a Self-inhaling Internal Cooling Wheel

Based on analysis of surface average temperature and burn degree, this article obtains the threshold temperature of surface burn in grinding titanium alloy with cup wheels. Meanwhile, the impact of the burn degree on the metallographic structure of workpiece surface and metallurgical phase transformations is investigated. In order to reduce the grinding temperature and improve the grinding efficiency, a self-inhaling structure cup segmented wheel is developed to generate internal cooling effect. The internal cooling technology is compared with traditional cooling conditions in the grinding experiments on TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V). The results indicate that the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel can reduce the grinding surface temperature by 30% or more, and the grinding efficiency doubles. Utilizing water-based semi-synthetic coolant, the segmented wheel with the self-inhaling structure can further reduce the grinding temperature by about 50%.     

Clutter Residues of a Coherent MTI Radar Receiver

In moving target indicator radar receivers a saturation is always present in the IF stages in order to compress the dynamic range of large clutter inputs. This nonlinearity greatly affects the performances of the cancelling circuits, because of the spreading of the spectra. A quantitative analysis of this effect has been conducted, with an analytical expression chosen for the limitation characteristic. A high degradation of both single-and double-canceller improvement factors has been obtained. Losses of 20 dB for the double canceller are not uncommon. Clutter residue levels at the receiver output have also been computed in order to see how the performance compares with ideal constant false alarm rate behavior.     

Automatic Controller for a Sweeping Microwave Receiver

The Automatic System Controller (ASC) is a very simple automatic data processing system designed to provide unattended operation of the R-31 receiver, a sweeping microwave receiver. With the receiver set to operate in the scanning mode, its video output is processed by the ASC, which recognizes by thresholding the presence of a signal in the receiver pass band. When the threshold is exceeded, a receiver sweep stop is actuated, an appropriate receiver mode is selected, and an on-site tape recorder is turned on. To enhance signal acquisition, the ASC provides noise leveling gain control, the gating of undesirable signals, and useful aids for an operator attending the receiver.     

CFAR detection of distributed targets in non-Gaussian disturbance

The subject of detection of spatially distributed targets in non-Gaussian noise with unknown statistics is addressed. At the design stage, in order to cope with the a priori uncertainty, we model noise returns as Gaussian vectors with the same structure of the covariance matrix, but possibly different power levels (heterogeneous environment). We also assume that a set of secondary data, free of signal components, is available to estimate the correlation properties of the disturbance The proposed detector assumes no a priori knowledge about the spatial distribution of the target scatterers and ensures the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property with respect to both the structure of the covariance matrix and the power levels. Finally, the performance assessment, conducted modeling the disturbance as a spherically invariant random process (SIRP), confirms its validity to operate in real radar scenarios     

600Mbit／s高速数传数字中频接收机DFT结构设计

针对速率600Mbit／s的高速数据传输且频带有效的QPSK调制解调，提出一种片上系统实现的宽带数字中频接收机DFT并行结构，其突出特点是在频率域上实现平方根升余弦特性的匹配滤波和符号同步的定时恢复校正。     

基于零点配置的分力合成主动振动抑制方法研究(英文)

The component synthesis active vibration suppression method （CSVS） can be applied to suppress the vibration of flexible systems. By this method, several same or similar time-varying components are arranged according to certain rules along the time axis. The synthesized command can suppress the arbitrary unwanted vibration harmonic while achieving the desired rigid body motion. The number of the components increases rapidly when the number of harmonic vibration is growing. In this article, the CSVS based on zero-placement technique is used to construct the synthesized command to suppress the multi-harmonics simultaneously in the discrete domain. The nature of zero-placement method is to put enough zeros to cancel system poles at necessary points. The designed synthesized command has equal time intervals between each component and which is much easier to be implemented. Using this method, the number of components increases linearly with the increasing of the number of being suppressed harmonics. For the spacecraft with flexible appendages, CSVS based on zero-placement is used to design the time optimal large angle maneuver control strategy. Simulations have verified the validity and superiority of the proposed approach.     

北斗/惯性深耦合接收机速度误差特性研究

北斗/惯性深耦合接收机利用了惯性辅助和微惯性器件误差实时补偿技术,具有更好的高动态适应性与抗干扰能力。深耦合接收机中,惯性测量模块与接收机模块的信息相互利用,形成了2个闭合的误差传递通道:位置通道和速度通道。针对速度通道分析了误差传递特性。首先,考虑了三阶锁相环所实现的载波跟踪环路,在对组合滤波器进行简化的基础上,建立了速度通道的传递函数模型;然后,推导了惯性辅助误差到接收机速度误差的传递关系,分析了其误差特性;进一步将惯性辅助误差分为由惯性器件误差和由辅助信息更新率低引起的误差,分别分析了它们对接收机速度误差的贡献。分析结果表明:1)惯性辅助误差到接收机速度误差的传递模型表现为高通特性;2)由惯性器件误差所引起的速度误差,因受载波跟踪环路滤波器的作用而大大减小;3)比较而言,由辅助信息更新率低所引起的速度误差更为显著。     

Computational Algorithms for a Pseudo-Bayes Digital Radar Receiver

In this paper discrete likelihood ratio computational algorithms resulting from recent studies in detection theory are applied to the general radar detection problem in which it is desired to detect the presence or absence of a sinusoidal pulse with unknown time of arrival, frequency, and phase. The resulting optimum digital receiver structure isdetermined and computer simulation results presented.