星间光通信终端粗瞄系统鲁棒非脆弱H∞控制

 光通信终端粗瞄控制系统设计对通信链路的建立有重要影响。本文对潜望式粗瞄伺服机构在外层空间受到的力矩扰动进行了分析,由于其变化规律复杂,将其作为低频有界扰动附加于无刷直流 (BLDC)电机上,推导了有界无结构摄动情况下的终端控制对象模型;引入非脆弱状态反馈设计,确保在控制器参数漂移时闭环系统仍具有二次稳定性;利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,获得了二次稳定条件下的干扰抑制和防止执行器饱和的非脆弱控制器条件;最后对光通信终端的无刷直流电机模型进行分析,利用MATLAB完成粗瞄控制器的解算。仿真表明闭环系统在摄动下具有二次稳定性,对干扰有抑制力,其反馈控制量能满足预防饱和的设计要求。     

多维大偏差刚性对接研究及机构设计

 针对野外崎岖地形、太空站舱内等复杂狭窄操作环境中的刚性对接问题,构造了一种刚性对接位姿偏差评估指数,建立了目前常见对接导引方式的几何约束模型,并采用偏差评估指数就对接导引方式的约束效果进行了衡量和比较,提出逐级消除位姿偏差的基本对接方法。在此基础上设计了用于多维大偏差刚性对接的少自由度混联刚性对接机构,就对接过程中各阶段位姿偏差的变化情况进行分析,并给出刚性对接机构的具体设计参数、最大对接位姿允差和与之相对应偏差评估指数。最后,搭建了JL-2多维大偏差刚性对接机构样机平台,并进行了相关实验,实验结果与理论计算值基本相符,证明该设计方案可有效满足多维大偏差情况下的刚性对接要求。     

Line-of-sight-pointing for satellites in high altitude inclined elliptic orbits

With a growing demand for space communications and resulting overcrowding of geostationary orbit (GEO), the importance of high altitude inclined elliptic orbits is gaining impetus. However, the satellites in these orbits suffer from a severe problem of apparent periodic angular drift around their line-of-sight. This paper addresses this problem and proposes a cost effective method based on tether to continually tilt the satellites in order to compensate for longitudinal and lateral drifts relative to the ground station. The proposed system comprises two satellites connected by a flexible tether at a point on each satellite with offsets. A control strategy is developed for tether offset variations that ensures judiciously controlled changes in the satellite orientations. The numerical simulation of the governing nonlinear equations of motion establishes the feasibility of the concept. A high degree of line-of-sight pointing of dual satellites as well as the simplicity of the proposed control mechanism makes the concept particularly attractive for future space applications.     

Satellite inclination effects on UHF Satcom operation

The cause, magnitude, and time variance of satellite inclination are examined in light of the effects on military UHF SATCOM operation. The effects on required demodulator acquisition range, earth coverage footprint, and user terminal antenna pointing accuracy are considered. It is shown that the allowable satellite inclination to maximize on-orbit lifetime is not based on earth-terminal antenna pointing accuracy, but on allowable loss of high-latitude satellite coverage area. Worst-case Doppler shift for a UHF military satellite is 85-Hz uplink and 67-Hz downlink for a 5° SATCOM user elevation angle and 10° of satellite inclination. This amount of inclination is a reasonable allowance for station-keeping, to minimize thruster fuel and thus maximize satellite life. It is also shown that uplink Doppler frequency shift due to satellite inclination may be corrected based on satellite ephemeris data and rough user terminal location data     

锯齿扁管内沸腾换热试验

建立以等热流密度方式进行试验件加热的沸腾换热试验系统,分别对当量直径为1.28mm和1.59mm锯齿扁管内R134a工质的沸腾换热特性进行研究,试验参数范围:制冷剂质量流率为68.5~305.5kg/(m2·s),工作饱和压力为0.27~0.46 MPa,加热热流密度为9~42kW/m2。试验结果表明:相同结构的通道,当量直径小换热能力更强;热流密度和饱和压力对沸腾换热的影响与一个干度值有关。当干度小于此值时,沸腾换热系数会随着热流密度及饱和压力增大而增大;而当干度大于此值时,沸腾换热系数随着干度增大而急剧下降,热流密度和饱和压力对换热的影响较小;该干度值会随着热流密度或饱和压力增大而逐渐变小。质量流率对沸腾换热的影响与热流密度有关,随着热流密度增大,质量流率的影响趋向大干度区域。通过分析各参数对沸腾换热的影响,建立了一个预测试验工况下微小尺寸锯齿扁管的沸腾换热系数计算经验公式。     

多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运固定时间控制

针对多无人机绳索悬挂协同搬运跟踪控制问题,设计了一种新的固定时间协同跟踪控制算法.首先,通过旋量分析,计算系统不同状态下的有效旋量空间,并根据静力学平衡计算系统在有效旋量空间约束下的拉力容许裕度.其次,在保证绳索张紧以及最大拉力约束的条件下,基于微分平坦性以及绳索拉力优化分配算法,规戈编队的期望跟踪轨迹.然后,基于Ud...     

筒式偏心在轨分离角速度抑制方法

筒式偏心在轨分离是一类特殊的在轨分离问题,小卫星偏心安装而产生的分离力矩将导致分离角速度,进而影响小卫星的分离指向精度,甚至导致释放平台姿态失稳。而常规的姿态大角速度机动、姿态快速稳定控制方法难以在小卫星出筒前的极短时间内完成分离角速度抑制。因此,进行了卫星筒式偏心在轨分离动力学分析,基于分离角速度的产生,提出了抑制分离姿态干扰的前馈控制力矩法和角速度预偏置法。在此基础上,推导了关键控制参数的近似计算公式,给出了控制量的优化求解方法,并分析了控制干扰因素对抑制结果的影响。最后,通过仿真算例分析,对比验证了两种抑制方法的有效性,并给出了其工程应用的建议。     

On Attitude Estimation Schemes for Fine-Pointing Control

This paper studies single-axis equations of motion that are applicable to a spacecraft or to a space experiment pointing assembly whose motion has been perfectly isolated from the carrier vehicle. It considers four state estimators for implementation in the control loop for a stellar observation experiment. The first three estimators are very general and do not make use of input torque in their prediction models, while the proposed fourth estimator utilizes this information, It is shown via closed-loop covariance analysis that the best achievable pointing performance with the best of the first three estimators is limited to about 0.125 are-sec (rms) with the given rate-gyro and star-tracker inaccuracies. It is also shown that the fourth estimator has the capability of achieving a pointing performance far superior to the performance achievable using the first three estimators. The fourth estimator relies on the ability to accurately generate the desired control torque (i.e., low input noise).     

径向基函数在高超声速热流插值中支撑点选择的判据研究

在使用径向基函数进行高超声速热流插值时,为了避免传统单一绝对误差判据选择得到的支撑点在热流较小处插值不准确的问题,提出一种双重误差判据下的径向基函数插值过程。这一过程首先使用绝对误差判据选择一定数量的支撑点,再使用相对误差判据标准选择另一部分点。通过数值实验验证同时采用以绝对误差和相对误差为标准选取支撑点的方法,结果表明：采用双重误差判据可以同时保证了热流较大与较小处的插值精度,尤其能避免传统单一绝对误差判据导致插值结果中容易出现负热流的问题。     

基于神经网络的飞机襟翼机构磨损失效判据确定方法

飞机襟翼使用过程中存在失效判据不易确定的问题,目前襟翼机构滑轨滑轮磨损间隙许用量主要是通过试验及使用统计数据分析确定。针对新研机构缺乏试验及使用数据的问题,通过对影响磨损间隙最大许用量的因素分析,提出应用神经网络学习确定襟翼滑轨滑轮间隙最大许用量的预测方法。算例验证表明,运用神经网络方法预测得到的滑轨滑轮架的间隙最大许...     

双曲守恒律方程的一种熵相容格式

提出了一种求解双曲守恒律方程的熵相容数值通量。在熵守恒通量中添加一个二阶迎风项和一个三阶的差商项来保持熵稳定并且抵消解在跨过激波时所产生的激波强度立方倍的熵增,从而实现熵相容。新的数值通量能精确保持定常的接触间断、消除非物理的膨胀激波及负压力等现象。通过采用近年发展起来的WENO方法在单元交界面处进行高阶重构,得到高阶精度的熵相容格式。数值算例采用空间半离散格式,并结合显式三步三阶Runge-Kutta(RK3)方法进行时间推进。不同的算例结果表明,格式具有稳定性、高分辨率和无振荡性等特点。     

基于电压电流混合模型的新型磁链观测器

针对传统磁链观测器存在的积分饱和及直流漂移等问题,提出一种改进的电压电流混合模型磁链观测器。通过对定子磁链观测器的理论分析,对传统电压模型积分方法进行改进并结合电流模型磁链观测器,提出了基于电压电流混合模型的磁链观测器,可以在全速范围内观测到精确的定子磁链,解决了在不同转速下,直流偏置、幅值衰减和相位偏移等问题。混合磁链观测器在中速区存在相位误差,引进补偿环节,对混合模型的输出结果进行相位补偿,降低了饱和效应引起的误差影响,提高了磁链观测器的动态性能。通过仿真对比,验证了改进混合模型磁链观测器在永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制中的可行性和优越性。     

Multi Objective Robust Active Vibration Control for Flexure Jointed Struts of Stewart Platforms via H∞ and μ Synthesis

Active vibration control is needed for future space telescopes, space laser communication and other precision sensitive payloads which require ultra-quiet environments. A Stewart platform based hybrid isolator with 6 hybrid struts is the effective system for active/passive vibration isolation over 5-250 Hz band. Using an identification transfer matrix of the Stewart platform, the coupling analysis of six channels is provided. A dynamics model is derived, and the rigid mode is removed to keep the signal of pointing control. Multi objective robust H∞ and μ synthesis strategies, based on singular values and structured singular values respectively, are presented, which simultaneously satisfy the low frequency pointing and high frequency disturbance rejection requirements and take account of the model uncertainty, parametric uncertainty and sensor noise. Then, by performing robust stability test, it is shown that the two controllers are robust to the uncertainties, the robust stability margin of H, controller is less than that of μ controller, but the order of μ controller is higher than that of H, controller, so the balanced controller reduction is provided. Additionally, the μ controller is compared with a PI controller. The time domain simulation of the μ controller indicates that the two robust control strategies are effective for keeping the pointing command and isolating the harmonic and stochastic disturbances.     

临近空间飞行器信息系统一体化载荷平台

介绍了临近空间日趋受到各国的关注和研究、临近空间的概念以及临近空间飞行器的概况。从高超声速临近空间飞行器设计层面分析了临近空间飞行器信息系统多任务需求和现有设计的矛盾,指出研究临近空间飞行器一体化综合电子系统信号交链和多任务一体化协同技术是解决此矛盾的有效途径。通过对临近空间飞行器信息系统一体化载荷平台的研究,构建了采用冗余备份技术的包括信号处理模块、控制模块的统一开放的柔性系统平台架构。     

Line-of-sight pointing stability for "drifting" satellites

Explored here is the feasibility of a new attitude control approach for satellites in high altitude elliptic orbits, in order to compensate for the effect of longitudinal periodic drift relative to the ground station. A simple attitude control technique using tethers has been proposed for achieving the fixed apparent satellite orientation with respect to the ground segment of the space mission. Combining the proposed feedback tether length control law with the analytically developed open-loop control policy results in a significant improvement of the controller performance. To illustrate implementation of the proposed concept, the particular case of 24 h elliptic orbits has been considered. A high degree of satellite pointing along the drifting line-of-sight made possible even with modest tether lengths makes the concept particularly attractive.     

基于弧长参数的开边自由曲面构件上纤维均匀覆盖(英文)

This article uses arc-length parameters for path planning to carry out robotic fibre placement （RFP） over open-contoured structures This allows representing the initial path and offset points using an identical mathematical equation and computation by more simple arithmetic. With the help of classical differential geometry, the calculation of fiber-placing paths may be reduced to solution of initial-value problems of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain （parametrically defined mould surface） or in 3D space （an implicitly defined mould surface）, thereby significantly improving on the existing methods. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed method, besides its computational simplicity, has a better error control mechanism in computing the initial path and offset points. Numerical experiments are also carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the new method in composite forming processes and also its potential application in computer numerical control （CNC） machining, surface trim, and other industrial practices.     

Pointing and Stability Requirements for Earth Orbital Experiments

Experiments for manned and unmanned space facilities of the next decade will impose stringent requirements for accurately pointing and/or maintaining stability of the space platforms over extended periods. Potential experiment programs identified to date in various NASA-and contractor-sponsored studies have been reviewed in order to define critical values and ranges for the following pointing/stability parameters: 1) pointing accuracy, 2) line-of-sight stability, 3) angular rate, and/or 4) acceleration level. The most stringent requirements were found to be in the research categories of: stellar and solar astronomy, earth observations, space physics, communications and navigation, and space biology.     

一种卫星导航接收机固定多波束抗干扰方法

自适应波束形成抗干扰性能受先验信息、通道幅相误差等因素影响较大,在工程应用中实现复杂,鲁棒性较差。针对这一问题,提出了一种卫星导航接收机固定多波束抗干扰方法,该方法将信号空间分为多个子空间,通过最优分配策略选取多个子空间分别实现固定波束指向,并相应地在每个波束后配置独立的卫星捕获跟踪通道组,然后依据最高信噪比准则在所有的子空间中优选卫星进行定位解算。该方法无需先验信息辅助,在抑制干扰信号的同时对卫星信号形成接收增益,在存在工程误差的实际条件下可达到与典型自适应波束形成算法相当的抗干扰性能,且具有鲁棒性强、更易工程实现等优点。最后,通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成方法

框、梁、壁板、蒙皮等飞机关键零部件中包含大量型腔特征,其加工效率直接影响零件的整体加工效率。高速铣削机床的发展为此类零件的高效加工奠定了很好的硬件基础,也给型腔铣削刀具轨迹生成带来了新的问题。例如蒙皮镜像铣由于其特殊的设计,对刀具轨迹提出平滑无抬刀、步距变化严格控制在一定范围内等更严苛的要求,从而保证蒙皮高质量加工。结构件高速加工中为了保持刀具的高进给和高转速,也要求刀具轨迹平滑且步距平稳变化。然而现有的型腔铣削刀轨生成方法大多基于局部优化解决加工残余和刀轨不平滑问题,难以生成同时满足多工艺约束尤其是步距约束的刀具轨迹,无法完全发挥高速机床的性能。针对此问题,本文提出基于中轴变换的型腔高速铣削刀具轨迹生成及优化方法。该方法首先基于中轴变换提取型腔骨架线,并进一步修正从而生成刀轨偏置基准和初始刀轨。其次利用图像变形算法对初始刀轨进行迭代变形优化,使最终优化刀轨与目标型腔区域吻合,且满足高速加工的工艺约束条件。该方法在离散的图像域内从整体角度优化刀具轨迹,不仅保证轨迹平滑无抬刀,还能保证步距在容许范围内平稳变化。实验证明本文提出的方法在保证轨迹平滑和步距平稳变化等方面的有效性,能够满足高性能加工的要求。     

基于二阶滑模的永磁同步电机SVMDTC

针对永磁同步电机空间矢量直接转矩控制中存在的磁链脉动大、转速超调大和转速动态响应速度慢等问题,提出基于Supertwisting二阶滑模控制理论将转速环、磁链环和转矩上的控制器全部换成Supertwisting滑模控制器。对所提出的控制理论利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明所提出的控制理论能够成功抑制转速超调,实现提高转速、磁链和转矩的动态响应速度、抑制转矩和磁链脉动。