Si和Ti对Nb-6Hf-4Zr-2B合金组织和室温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb合金的强度和塑性的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体Nbss为主导相的Nb-xSi-6Hf-4Zr-2B-yTi(x=4,8;y=10,30;原子分数)合金,研究了Si和Ti对合金组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金由Nbss、Nb3Si和Nb5Si3等3相组成。4Si-(10,30)Ti合金铸态组织是Nb枝晶和分布在枝晶间的硅化物(Nb3Si和Nb5Si3),8Si-(10,30)Ti合金Nb枝晶间分布的是Nb/硅化物(Nb5Si3)的共晶和Nb3Si,随着Si和Ti含量的增加,硅化物体积分数增加。1 600 ℃退火50 h可使部分Nb3Si共析分解,改变合金的组织形貌和各相的体积分数。随着Si和Ti含量的增加,合金的硬度和强度增加,但塑性和韧性降低。Nb枝晶的失效方式为解理断裂,而硅化物为脆性断裂。     

Cr对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金显微组织与高低温力学性能的影响

 以Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf成分为基础,分别添加了2%和17%(原子分数,后同)的Cr元素替代Nb(分别称2Cr和17Cr合金),研究了Cr含量对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金相组成、显微组织形貌、室温断裂韧性和高温强度的影响,分析了高低温失效机制。结果表明,铸态和1 375 ℃×100 h热处理后2Cr合金由Nbss和Nb₅Si₃两相组成;当Cr含量为17%时,出现了具有C15结构的Laves Cr₂Nb相,合金由Nbss、Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb三相组成,热处理后在Nb₅Si₃中还析出了球状Cr₂Nb相。随着Cr含量由2%提高到17%,热处理合金的室温断裂韧性K_Q由14.32 MPa·m^1/2下降到10.30 MPa·m^1/2。合金强度与Cr含量的关系受温度影响,随Cr含量提高,室温和1 150 ℃时合金的硬度或强度增高,而1 250 ℃和1 350 ℃时合金强度降低。如1 150 ℃时2Cr和17Cr合金的屈服强度σ_0.2分别为349 MPa和387 MPa;1 350 ℃时分别为306 MPa和74 MPa。     

Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金相图

 Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料是一种有望替代镍基超合金用做飞机发动机叶片的新一代超高温结构材料。采用非自耗电弧熔炼技术制备出不同成分的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪对Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金的相组成和微观组织进行研究。结果表明：Nb-Si-Mo三元系部分液相面投影图（<37.5 at% Si）含有4个初生相区,其立体相图中存在2个液固四相平衡反应和1个固态四相平衡反应。在2个液固四相平衡反应面之间存在一个三相共晶平衡棱柱,成分位于该棱柱内的合金会通过L→Nbss+β-Nb5Si3反应凝固生成Nbss/β-Nb5Si3片层共晶。     

Phase Equilibria in Nb-Si-Mo Ternary Alloys at 1 273 K and 2 073 K

Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The partial isothermal section at 1 273 K, which contains four single-phase regions, five two-phase regions and two three-phase regions, is basically the same as that at 1 973 K. However, when the temperature increases to 2 073 K, the three-phase region of Nbss＋ct-（Nb（Mo））sSi3＋13-（Nb,Mo）sSi3 obviously moves towards the Nb-rich comer. This suggests that Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys remain stable at least up to 1 973 K.     

Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金室温和高温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb-Si基合金高温强度和室温塑性之间的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体相Nb-SS占主导的Nb15W5Si2BxHf(x= 0,5,10,15,原子百分数）合金,研究了Hf元素对Nb15W5Si2B合金的组织、室温和高温压缩性能以及高温蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,Nb15W5Si2B合金由Nb-SS和Nb5Si3两相组成,Nb5Si3相呈网状分布;Hf的加入不改变相组成,但Nb5Si3相由网状分布逐步变成不连续小岛状分布,而且体积分数减少。Hf同时提高Nb15W5Si2B合金的高温静强度和室温塑性,但对Nb15W5Si2B高温压缩蠕变性能不利。最后讨论了Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金强化与塑性化机理。     

合金元素Al对Cr-20Nb合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

采用机械合金化＋热压烧结工艺制备了掺杂合金元素Al的Cr-20Nb合金,研究Al对Cr-20Nb合金在1100℃和1200℃下高温抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,合金元素Al能促进Cr-20Nb合金氧化时生成AlNbO4复合型氧化物,该复合型氧化物能有效抑制Cr2O3,的挥发反应,从而改善Cr2O3,氧化层的致密性,并提高氧化膜的粘附性,导致合金抗氧化性显著提高。不同Al含量的Cr-20Nb合金氧化增重均近似于抛物线规律。     

一种多元铌硅系原位复合材料的高温氧化行为

 采用电弧熔炼的方法制备了Nb-16Si-24Ti-6Cr-6Al-2Hf (原子百分数)多元铌硅系原位复合材料。进行了高温氧化试验,使用扫描电镜、能谱和X-射线衍射仪进行分析。结果表明该复合材料铸态组织主要由Nbss和β-Nb5Si3组成;经1250℃/100h静态氧化后,生成厚的氧化皮,其主要成分为CrNbO4,TiNb2O7;在氧化皮下发生严重的内氧化现象;氧优先在Nbss相中扩散并形成内氧化产物;硅化物对氧的扩散起到一定的阻挡作用;硅化物的分散分布有利于氧化皮中压应力的释放。     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

铌钨合金材料在液体火箭发动机上的应用

为探索铌钨合金在液体火箭发动机上的应用，针对我国研制成功的Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金进行了高温性能试验及抗高温氧化涂层的研制，铌钨合金及涂层在高温时的组织结构分析及相关工艺试验。结果表明：Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金及抗氧化涂层可用于液体火箭发动机。     

TiNiFeNb形状记忆合金的组织结构及相变特性

通过向TisoNiso合金中加入Fe和Nb元素,制备出一种四元Ti49Ni50-xFexNb1形状记忆合金.采用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射的方法,测试和分析了合金的相结构及微观组织形态,采用电阻法系统研究了合金的相变特性.结果表明:Nb元素的加入并没有改变TiNiFe合金的B2结构,仅导致了广极少量的富Nb相在基体中析...     

Liquid-Solid Phase Equilibria of Nb-Si-Ti Ternary Alloys

To determine the liquid-solid phase equilibria of the Nb-Si-Ti ternary system, Nb-Si-Ti alloys of different compositions are prepared. By means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, the phases in the alloys, such as Si-based solutions, Ti（Nb）Si, Ti（Nb）Si2, Nb（Ti）Si2, Ti（Nb）5Si4, Nb（Ti）5Si3, Ti（Nb）5Si3, Nb（Ti）3Si and Nb-based solutions are identified, and the phase evolution is analyzed. As a result, the microstmctural and microchemical evidence provides a clear definition of the Nb-Si-Ti liquidus surface projection and indicates that the ternary phase diagram has seven transition reactions.     

Microstructure and Magnetic Anisotropy of FeCoNbB Films

Effect of Nb contents on microstructure and magnetic properties of FeCoNbB films has been studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that Nb plays a role in refining grain and in facilitating formation of amorphous structure. When Nb content is more than 8 at%, the films transform from crystalline to amorphous structure, accompanied by variations in magnetic properties. An unusual out-of-plane anisotropy component is consequently observed. It can be suggested that the anisotropy induced by increasing Nb contents be attributed to stress-related magnetoelastic anisotropy. The undesirable anisotropy is greatly reduced by thermal annealing, reducing film thicknesses or applying an external magnetic field together with Si addition.     

新型Co基合金Co-9Al-(9-x) W-xMo-2Ta-0.02B的显微组织与高低温力学性能

以新型Co基合金Co-9Al-9W-2Ta-0.02B成分为基础,分别添加了原子分数为2％、4％、6％、9％的Mo元素替代W（分别称2Mo、4Mo、6Mo、9Mo合金,W+Mo的原子分数为9％,无Mo添加的称为0Mo合金）,研究了Mo元素对合金相组成、显微组织形貌、维氏硬度和高低温压缩强度的影响.结果表明铸态合金由Co...     

Single track and single layer formation in selective laser melting of niobium solid solution alloy

Selective laser melting (SLM) was employed to fabricate Nb-37Ti-13Cr-2Al-1Si (at%) alloy, using pre-alloyed powders prepared by plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP). A series of single tracks and single layers under different processing parameters was manufactured to evaluate the processing feasibility by SLM, including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. Results showed that continuous single tracks could be fabricated using proper laser powers and scanning velocities. Both the width of a single track and its penetration depth into a substrate increased with an increase of the linear laser beam energy density (LED), i.e., an increase of the laser power and a decrease of the scanning speed. Nb, Ti, Si, Cr, and Al elements distributed heterogeneously over the melt pool in the form of swirl-like patterns. An excess of the hatch distance was not able to interconnect neighboring tracks. Under improper processing parameters, a balling phenomenon occurred, but could be eliminated with an increased LED. This work testified the SLM-processing feasibility of Nb-based alloy and promoted the application of SLM to the manufacture of niobium-based alloys.     

Ti-Cr合金的燃烧行为及燃烧产物分析

以DCSB法点燃Ti Cr二元合金 ,研究该合金的燃烧行为及其燃烧产物。结果表明 :Ti (>10 % )Cr合金元素的燃烧速度较低 ,Cr含量大于 15 %的合金阻燃效果更明显 .Ti Cr合金燃烧产物表面及Ti (<10 % )Cr合金的燃烧产物与基体的界面均开裂多孔 ,不可能阻止氧向基体内扩散 ;而Ti (>10 % )Cr合金的燃烧产物与基体的界面氧化物比较致密 ,降低了燃烧速度。Ti Cr合金的燃烧产物是TiO2 、TiO和TiCrO3     

Deposition of aluminide and chromium-modified aluminide coatings on TiAl alloys using the halide-activated pack cementation method

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TiNiPd高温形状记忆合金相变温度与相变滞后的研究

回顾了在 Ti Ni二元系合金基础上发展起来的 Ti Ni-X三元系高温形状记忆合金及 Ni Al系高温形状记忆合金。重点研究了 Ti Ni Pd系合金成分、相变温度和相变滞后的关系。结果表明 :当 Pd的原子百分数大于3 3 %,相变点的增加尤为显著,Pd的原子百分数提高 1 %,将导致合金的相变温度升高 2 0℃,当 Pd的原子百分数为 4 0 %时,Ms点可达 3 79.8℃。温度滞后ΔT随 Pd含量的增加基本不变,只是在 Pd原子百分数达到4 0 %时ΔT略有增加。相变热ΔH随 Pd含量增大呈线性增加,非常明显     

Cr在Ti-Al-Cr合金抗高温氧化过程中的作用研究

研究了 Ti-50 Al,Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr(原子百分数 )合金在 90 0～ 1 0 0 0℃下的高温氧化性能。结果表明 :Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr均表现出优良的抗氧化性能,氧化后表面主要是 α-Al₂O₃及少量的 TiO₂ 组成。Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr,Ti-67Al-8Cr和 Ti-4 5Al-1 5Cr合金良好的抗高温氧化性能归于 Cr在合金抗氧化过程中起到了吸氧效应的作用。另外发现对于 Ti-50 Al-1 5Cr和 Ti-67Al-8Cr均发生了 950℃时的氧化增重比 1 0 0 0℃时的氧化增重大,这是由于 Cr的加入使 Ti的活性降低的缘故。     

Al 量对 Ni-Al-Hf-Cr-W 系合金显微组织结构的影响

研究了Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-（4～6）Al系列合金的显微组织以及Al含量对共晶组织的影响,结果表明：此系列合金中,随着Al含量的微小变化,会析出不同的共晶组织;当Al含量大于5.5wt%时,出现（β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）或（γ′+β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）共晶：当Al量小于5.5wt%时,会出现（γ′+Ni7Hf2）、（γ+γ′+Ni7Hf2）或（γ+Ni7Hf2）共晶组织。并且得出（Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-5.3Al）wt%的合金具有（γ′+Ni7Hf2）共晶,适宜选做为以Ni7Hf2增强的共晶复合材料的合金成份。     

热处理对9 Cr13 Mo3 Co3 Nb2 V组织与硬度的影响

采用金相分析、硬度测试等技术手段,研究热处理对马氏体不锈钢9Cr13Mo3Co3Nb2V组织和硬度的影响。结果表明：9Cr13Mo3Co3Nb2V经淬火、冰冷处理及多次回火后,残余奥氏体充分转变为回火马氏体,并产生较强的二次硬化效果,进而获得稳定的组织和高的硬度;在350℃以上回火时,由于组织中二次碳化物的析出,开始出现二次硬化倾向,至480~520℃时,回火硬度达到了最大值。