Decision table for classifying point sources based on FIRST and 2MASS databases

With the availability of multi-wavelength, multi-scale and multi-epoch astronomical catalogues, the number of features to describe astronomical objects has increases. The better features we select to classify objects, the higher the classification accuracy is. In this paper, we have used data sets of stars and quasars from near-infrared band and radio band. Then best-first search method was applied to select features. For the data with selected features, the algorithm of decision table was implemented. The classification accuracy is more than 95.9%. As a result, the feature selection method improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the classification method. Moreover the result shows that decision table is robust and effective for discrimination of celestial objects and used for preselecting quasar candidates for large survey projects.     

An optimal selection of probability distribution functions for unsupervised land cover classification of PALSAR-2 data

Different types of classification techniques are available in the literature for the classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data into various land cover classes. Various SAR images are available for land cover classification such as ALOS PALSAR (PALSAR-1, PALSAR-2), RADARSAT and ENVISAT. In this paper, we have attempted to explore probability distribution function (pdf) based land cover classification using PALSAR-2 data. Over 20 different statistical distribution functions are analyzed for different classes based on statistical parameters. Probability distribution functions are selected based on Chi-squared goodness of fit test for each individual class. A decision tree based classifier is developed for classification based on the selected pdf functions and its statistical parameters. The proposed classification approach has an accuracy of 83.93%.     

Comprehensive data reduction package for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph: IGRINS

We present a Python-based data reduction pipeline package (PLP) for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), an instrument that covers the complete H- and K-bands in one exposure with a spectral resolving power of 40,000. The reduction steps carried out by the PLP include flat-fielding, background removal, order extraction, distortion correction, wavelength calibration, and telluric correction using spectra of A type standard stars. As the spectrograph has no moving parts, the PLP automatically reduces the data using predefined functions for the processes of order extraction, distortion correction, and wavelength calibration. Before the telluric correction of the target spectra, the intrinsic hydrogen absorption features of the standard A star are removed with a Gaussian fitting algorithm. The final result is the flux of the target as a function of wavelength. Users can customize the predefined functions for the extraction of the spectrum from the echellogram and adjust the parameters for the fitting functions for the spectra of celestial objects, using “fine-tuning” options, as necessary. Presently, the PLP produces the best results for point-source targets.     

面向多威胁的无人机智能目标跟随策略设计

随着无人机(UAV)一体化作战的不断发展,无人机在搜索到运动目标之后,需要立即转入跟随模式,考虑到战场环境的复杂性,研究了在多个威胁源条件下无人机跟随运动目标的问题,为了保证无人机的安全性以及跟随目标的精确性,提出了一种基于决策树的无人机智能目标跟随策略。首先对威胁概率图(TPM)进行建模;然后采用几何图法及任务优先级生成不同的规则,建立相应的决策树,并设计了不同规则下无人机飞行航向及速度指令;最后通过仿真验证所提出的智能目标跟随策略的有效性。      

基于树模型机器学习方法的GNSS-R海面风速反演

GNSS-R是基于GNSS卫星反射信号的一种新技术.GNSS-R技术可以运用到海面风场反演中,传统的GNSS-R技术反演海面风场主要有波形匹配和经验函数两种方法,风速反演精度约为2m·s-1.波形匹配方法耗时多,计算量大;经验函数方法通常只使用少量物理观测量,会造成信息浪费,损失一定的反演精度.为了提高海面风速的反演精度,引入机器学习领域常用的树模型算法决策树、随机森林、GBDT等对海面风速进行预测.利用GNSS-R与ECMWF数据构成训练集和验证集,训练集用于模型学习,验证集用于检验模型的反演效果.实验结果显示,决策树和随机森林预测误差约为0.6m·s-1,GBDT等算法的预测误差约为2m·s-1,满足风速反演要求.与GNSS-R传统反演方法相比,机器学习树模型算法效果更好,在验证集上表现稳定且误差较小.因此,可以将机器学习树模型算法运用到海面风速反演中.      

基于顺序二元决策图的动态故障树分析

针对现有动态故障树分析方法存在的状态空间爆炸、计算效率低、适用范围有限等缺点,提出一种基于顺序二元决策图的动态故障树分析方法。在将动态逻辑门转化为含顺序事件的逻辑门的基础上,给出了顺序二元决策图的模型以及含有顺序事件的布尔运算规则,利用顺序二元决策图和扩展的布尔运算获取动态故障树的失效路径,并给出多单元顺序事件的发生概率。以某弹药为实例,考虑不完全覆盖问题,针对指数分布与非指数分布2种情形进行了动态故障树分析,结果表明该方法具有计算高效、精度高、适用性广泛等优点,为复杂动态系统的可靠性分析提供了理论基础。     

Glacier mapping based on rough set theory in the Manas River watershed

Precise glacier information is important for assessing climate change in remote mountain areas. To obtain more accurate glacier mapping, rough set theory, which can deal with vague and uncertainty information, was introduced to obtain optimal knowledge rules for glacier mapping. Optical images, thermal infrared band data, texture information and morphometric parameters were combined to build a decision table used in our proposed rough set theory method. After discretizing the real value attributes, decision rules were calculated through the decision rule generation algorithm for glacier mapping. A decision classifier based on the generated rules classified the multispectral image into glacier and non-glacier areas. The result of maximum likelihood classification (MLC) was used to compare with the result of the classification based on the rough set theory. Confusion matrix and visual interpretation were used to evaluate the overall accuracy of the results of the two methods. The accuracies of the rough set method and maximum likelihood classification were compared, yielding overall accuracies of 94.15% and 93.88%, respectively. It showed the area difference based on rough set was smaller by comparing the glacier areas of the rough set method and MLC with visual interpreter, respectively. The high accuracy for glacier mapping and the small area difference for glacier based on rough set theory demonstrated that this method was effective and promising for glacier mapping.     

基于双阶涡旋光束的旋转测速精度提升方法

涡旋光束因其独特的螺旋型波前结构,在对旋转物体探测时会产生与转速成正比的旋转多普勒频移,双阶涡旋光束的转速测量精度是单阶的2倍,但探测过程的噪声干扰会引起测量精度的下降。首先,通过分析双阶涡旋光束的旋转物体速度测量机理,给出测量精度影响因素分析。其次,在给出测量系统设计的基础上设计物体转速提取算法思路。最终,对高斯噪声、乘性噪声、探测器累积时间和光束模式纯度这四种情况对于测速精度的影响进行分析。结果表明,高阶双阶涡旋光束能有效提升噪声环境下的测速精度,提高模式纯度至94%以上,探测器累积时间控制在0.49s以上可以获得更好的测速精度。     

最优特征选择下多层次分割的城市道路提取

针对道路提取过程中特征维数过高的问题,提出了一种基于ReliefF过滤式和Wrapper封装式的特征选择方法.将粒子群优化算法(PSO)作为Wrapper的搜索算法,优化过的随机森林算法(OPRF)作为Wrapper的分类器构成PSO_OPRF封装式子集评估器,对ReliefF预选后的特征子集进行评估,降低特征维度,选...     

基于二型模糊系统多源异质信息目标身份类别推理方法

针对前件推理规则未知的目标身份识别问题,考虑到目标信息量测的多源异质特点,利用模糊集对目标速度和图像等多维度特征信息进行统一的抽象化描述。借助遗传算法对模糊推理规则进行优化,在确定模糊划分区间的前提下,通过训练得到最优隶属度函数,并建立最优推理规则库。此外,针对因传感器探测精度有限带来的量测不确定性问题,引入区间型样本数据的模糊分类思想,在完成一型模糊系统构建的基础上,提出了一种基于二型模糊推理系统的遗传优化算法。给出了由三角型隶属度函数嵌入构造对应二型模糊集的推导过程,设计了满足点值与区间型数值复合输入的二型模糊推理系统,并通过仿真验证了该推理系统的可行性。     

Multi-seasonal evaluation of hybrid poplar (P. Deltoides) plantations using Worldview-3 imagery and State-Of-The-Art ensemble learning algorithms

Forest resources are the primary components of the ecosystem environment. Poplars (Populus sp.), a member of the fast-growing trees, are one of the most productive forest tree species for industrial production thanks to their desirable traits comprising rapid growth, hybridization ability, and ease of propagation. Determining poplar cultivated areas and mapping their geographical distributions is critical for planners and decision-makers to increase the ecological and economic benefits of poplar trees. Due to the biodiversity of each geographical region and seasonal vegetation variations, classification based on remotely sensed imagery is essential for cropland monitoring. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of high-resolution multi-temporal (growing season and end of the growing season) Worldview-3 imagery in mapping poplar plantations in the Akyaz? district of Sakarya, Turkey. For this purpose, pixel- and object-based image analysis with up-to-date ensemble learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), categorical boosting (CB), and extreme gradient boosting tree (XGB), were employed for mapping poplar fields. Results indicated that the object-based classification approach provided statistically significant improvements in map-level (about 4%) and class-level accuracy (e.g., approximately 7% and %2 for poplar and young poplar classes, respectively) than pixel-based classification. While the CB performed superior classification performance for the object-based approach (92.56%), the highest classification performance was obtained with the XGB algorithm for the pixel-based approach (90.42%) for the end of the growing season data. McNemar’s statistical test also confirmed that the performances of CB and XGB algorithms were statistically similar in pixel-based classification. Finally, analysis of multi-season images revealed that sensitivity of the vegetation phenology and seasonal effects considerably affect the separability of poplar tree species.     

面向制造的飞机复合材料构件数字化定义

为满足数字化研制环境中制造环节的数据需求和对构件可制造性的要求,总结了面向制造的飞机复合材料构件数字化定义的完整构成.通过定义方向坐标系来建立方向基准,并根据构件高斯曲率的不同,给出了3种方向坐标系的定义方法和映射规则.给出了三维模型中几何数据的内容、几何数据和复合材料特征对象的关联关系以及材料铺放数据中复合材料特征对象的层次关系.总结了数字化定义中工艺信息的详细内容和定义方法,并采用基于视图的方式组织管理数字化定义数据集.      

基于fastText算法的行业分类技术

随着中国经济的高速发展和技术创新能力的不断提升,高效的组织、分类信息是提供个性化行业管理和跟踪分析的基础。根据行业信息特点和发展规律,提出了一种基于fastText算法的行业分类模型。首先,构建行业分类关键词库,通过特征词库进行分词和权重计算。然后,构建分类器模型,实现中文行业的自动分类。最后,实验选取了80 000个包含企业经营范围、企业信息、舆论信息的测试文档,结果表明,所提模型结果高于Bayes、决策树、KNN等分类算法,取得了较好的应用效果。      

基于FRFT域特征差异的压制干扰检测与分类算法

针对干信比未知情况下有源压制干扰分类识别结果可信度较低的问题, 提出了一种基于FRFT域特征差异的压制干扰检测与分类算法。首先, 通过FRFT域峰值阶次的序贯判决算法, 进行压制干扰的存在性检测, 以保证压制干扰分类识别在较高的干信比条件下进行; 然后, 在此基础上, 分别提取回波信号在FRFT域的极值阶次标准差和峰值阶次标准差作为分类识别特征量, 同时, 为避免硬判决造成的分类错误, 采用模糊判决的方法得到基于不同特征参数的分类识别结果; 最后, 按一定准则将2种分类识别结果进行融合, 以进一步提高分类识别正确率。仿真结果表明, 与现有压制干扰分类识别算法相比, 该算法较好地解决了分类识别结果可信度较低的问题, 同时具有较高的分类识别正确率。      

Hierarchical object oriented classification using very high resolution imagery and LIDAR data over urban areas

Urban land cover information extraction is a hot topic within urban studies. Heterogeneous spectra of high resolution imagery—caused by the inner complexity of urban areas—make it difficult. In this paper a hierarchical object oriented classification method over an urban area is presented. Combining QuickBird imagery and light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data, nine kinds of land cover objects were extracted. The Spectral Shape Index (SSI) method is used to distinguish water and shadow from black body mask, with 100% classification accuracy for water and 95.56% for shadow. Vegetation was extracted by using a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) image at first, and then a more accurate classification result of shrub and grassland is obtained by integrating the height information from LIDAR data. The classification accuracy of shrub was improved from 85.25% to 92.09% and from 82.86% to 97.06% for grassland. More granularity of this classification can be obtained by using this method. High buildings and low buildings can, for example, be distinguished from the original building class. Road class can also be further classified into roads and crossroads. The comparison of the classification accuracy between this method and the traditional pixel-based method indicates that the total accuracy is improved from 69.12% to 89.40%.     

IDSS中数据仓库和数据挖掘的研究与实现

讨论了数据仓库、数据库知识发现和分布式对象的概念和技术,提出了一种集成化的IDSS(Intelligence Decision Support Systems)的开发环境,将传统的DSS四库结构与数据仓库相结合,把数据挖掘作为一种特殊的模型应用于数据库中的知识发现.同时,在系统实现上采用分布式对象技术,实现接口规范和应用程序相分离.最后进一步对数据仓库的设计与实现及数据库知识发现的设计与实现进行了介绍.     

A comparative study of decision tree,random forest,and convolutional neural network for spread-F identification

Ionospheric spread-F (SF) is a commonly observed phenomenon of electron density perturbation in the F-layer. The ionospheric irregularities structure has an adverse effect on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the ionosphere. The automatic identification of ionospheric spread-F and statistical study of the formation of spread-F are of great significance to the study of the physical mechanism of ionospheric inhomogeneity and for prediction of ionospheric irregularities. In this paper, we describe and implement three automatic identification methods of spread-F based on machine learning: decision tree, random forest, and convolutional neural network (CNN). The performance of these automatic identification methods was verified using a large set of test data. Results show that the accuracy of all three methods on identifying ionograms with spread-F exceeded 90%. After comparing the results of the three methods, we found that the decision tree method was the simplest and with the structure easiest to be understood, and it required the shortest interpretation time. In terms of the identification results, the random forest method provided better results than the decision tree method, and the CNN method was the best at accurately identifying ionograms with spread-F.     

Examining LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy to generate a detailed stand map in a mixed forest in the north-west of Turkey

Although stand delineation approach based on aerial photographs and field survey produces high accuracy maps, it is labour-intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, conventional forest stand maps may have some uncertainties that can hardly be verified due to the experiments and skills of photo-interpreters. Therefore, researchers have been seeking more objective and cost-effective methods for forest mapping. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to automatically delineate forest stands. Unlike optical sensors, LiDAR height data provides information about both the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of forest stands. However, it deprives of spectral data that may be successfully used in separating tree species. In this study, we investigate the potential of LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy for the automatic generation of a detailed forest stand map which can be used for a tactical forest management plan. Firstly, image segmentation was applied to LiDAR data alone and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set in order to obtain the most suitable image objects representing forest stands. Visual inspection of the segmentation results showed that image objects based on the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set were more compatible with the reference forest stand boundaries. After the segmentation process, the LiDAR and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data sets were independently classified using object-based classification method. We tested two levels of classification. The first was a detailed classification with 14 classes considering reference stand types. The second was the rough classification with 9 classes where some stand types were combined. The mean, standard deviation and texture features of LiDAR metrics and spectral information were used in the classification. The accuracy assessment results of LiDAR data showed that the Overall Accuracy (OA) was calculated as 0.31 and 0.43, and the Kappa Index (KIA) was calculated as 0.26 and 0.32 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. For the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set, the OA values were calculated as 0.50 and 0.61, and the KIA were calculated as 0.46 and 0.55 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. These results showed that the forest stand map derived from the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data synergy is more compatible with the reference forest stand map. In conclusion, it can be said that the forest stand maps produced in this study may provide strategic forest planning needs, but it is not sufficient for tactical forest management plans.     

基于机器学习方法对23太阳活动周质子事件的研究

在耀斑伴随日冕物质抛射(CME)事件编目数据的基础上,进行太阳质子事件(SPE)匹配,构建研究数据集.利用Apriori算法挖掘SPE与耀斑级别、耀斑发生日面位置以及CME角宽度和速度的关联关系.结果 表明:X级耀斑、全晕CME、高速(＞1000 km.s-1) CME和日面西半球耀斑是最可能伴随质子事件的4种特征,其...