简易液压橡皮囊拉深防皱装置

一、概述拉深起皱是冲压拉深工艺中常见的故障之一。对于一般直筒形或直壁形零件的拉深起皱,可以通过调整压边力的方法来消除。但是对于底部具有大圆角转接的大型薄壁拉深件,如飞机涡轮风扇发动机头部的球形(或抛物面形)整流罩,光学仪器上应用的抛物面型反射罩,探照灯罩以及摩托车油箱等,若采用普通压料拉深方法进行拉深,则不可避免会产生起皱。其起皱的原因是由于拉深时,金属毛料与冲头接触面     

半匣形件拉深工艺探讨

一、半匣形件拉深的特点 一般拉深件的侧壁是封闭的,在成形时板料周围受压边力。本文介绍的半匣形制件(图1)的侧壁不是封闭的,成形时板料三周受到压边力。当压边力分布不匀时,就会出现起皱和破裂问题。所以半匣形制件的加工工艺必须保证压边力分布均匀。     

压边力对纯钛半球形件冷拉深成形的影响

纯钛板材冷拉深成形困难,起皱和断裂是成形过程的主要失效模式,合理控制成形过程中的压边力,可以消除这些缺陷,提高成形性能.基于连续介质力学及有限元理论,运用动力显式算法建立一钛合金薄壁半球形零件拉深成形的三维有限元模型,研究了不同压边力对拉深成形影响,结果表明:当单位压边力较小时(0.4 MPa)会导致拉深件在法兰区出现皱纹,当单位压边力大于0.8MPa时,会在凹模圆角外侧壁发生破裂现象.     

基于Dynaform数值模拟的电机壳体拉深成形参数影响规律研究

研究了电机壳体拉深成形过程各工艺参数对成形结果的影响,重点分析了压边力、圆角半径、摩擦系数、冲压速度对板料成形质量影响比较大的参数,通过正交试验,用极差法平定了各工艺参数对零件成形质量的影响顺序:压边力冲压速度凸凹模间隙摩擦系数。并确定了对壳体最小厚度影响较好的工艺参数组合,工艺参数组合为:压边力为40 k N,冲压速度为2000 mm/s,凸凹模间隙1.15 mm,摩擦系数0.1。     

6061铝合金超薄壁弯管制造工艺及组织性能研究

通过单向拉伸试验建立了材料的本构方程,对6061铝合金板材半片拉深成形过程进行了有限元模拟,研究了摩擦系数与压边力对拉深成形结果的影响规律模拟结果表明:拉深成形时,应采用较大的压边力和较小的摩擦系数,以避免外管的外弧处易出现明显的起皱缺陷;基于模拟结果,进行了6061铝合金Φ202mm×1mm弯管半片拉深成形;最后对半片焊接后的超薄壁弯管进行了耐压爆破试验及关键部位微观组织分析.     

复杂型面零件充液拉深失效控制研究

对于普通拉深无法成形的复杂零件,充液拉深成形是一种有效的解决方法.在自行研制的充液拉深成形试验机上进行工艺验证实验,对复杂型面不锈钢零件充液拉深成形过程中出现的起皱、破裂和不贴模3种失效形式进行了研究,分析了液室压力、压边力和拉延筋深度等关键工艺参数对失效的影响和作用规律,优化了液室压力和压边力加载曲线以及拉延筋参数.结果表明,液室压力加载曲线应与板料悬空区变化趋势相协调,压边力加载路径应与液室压力相匹配,为消除悬空带过渡区的内皱,必须设置合适的拉延筋.     

充液成形技术在航天火箭整流罩成形中的应用

基于充液形成工艺的航天火箭整流罩零件,通过数值模拟的分析与试验结果进行对比,证明了数值模拟可以给试验提供正确方向,也说明数值模拟的准确性。根据现场的试验情况,基于实际制件过程出现的一些缺陷,调整液室压力与压边力加载曲线,根据零件的拉深高度进行合理匹配,最后达到控制整个冲液成形过程的起皱和破裂的问题。实现了充液拉深工艺在大尺寸薄壁整流罩构件上的工艺升级,大大提升了零件的表面质量,从而可以解决传统落压工艺的多道次拉深工序、多道次退火及多道次敲修导致的零件变形与表面质量差等问题,从而保证零件在生产过程中表面质量和成形精度的控制。     

圆锥形件冲压成形过程中起皱、破坏缺陷位置的确定

分析了曲面类零件中较为典型的圆锥形件的冲压拉深成形过程。通过分析变形毛坯不同部分在冲压成形中的作用及变形实质 ,归纳了圆锥形零件的变形特点 ,并在跟踪毛坯上各金属质点的位移轨迹、分析变形各质点贴模过程中位移与变形关系的基础上 ,找到了圆锥形零件冲压成形中最有可能产生起皱、破坏缺陷的危险点位置     

TC1、TC3钛板加热拉深试验

本文总结TC1、TC3钛板加热拉深试验研究的结果。从试验我们更进一步了解到温度、单位压边力、润滑、模具尺寸等因素对钛板热拉深性能的影响,并从中取得了某些合理的工艺参数。     

高温合金复杂薄壁零件多道次充液拉深技术

充液拉深(HDD)技术是薄壁零件成形的一种有效方法.针对难成形,复杂薄壁结构的某型发动机高温合金板材零件,通过分析锥面自由悬空区的起皱失稳现象,设计了多道次充液拉深结合刚模成形的技术方案,并建立了有限元分析模型.基于有限元模拟和工艺验证试验,研究了预成形高度和终成形液室压力等关键工艺参数对零件最终成形质量的影响,探讨了...     

Inner wrinkling control in hydrodynamic deep drawing of an irregular surface part using drawbeads

Inner wrinkling phenomenon is more likely to develop during hydrodynamic deep drawing （HDD） of complicated component-forms due to the higher demand for controlling deformation sequences. Aiming at the problems in control of inner wrinkling for an irregular surface part featured with both concavity and convex, this research proposes an optimal design method of drawbead parameters to change the material flow. According to theoretical analysis of the mechanism of inner wrinkling, optimizing cavity pressure only is unreasonable to form a wrinkle-free deep-drawn part, so semi-circular drawbeads are employed. The effects of layout and height of drawbeads on forming results are discussed, and a process window is established based on evaluation indicators including the anti-wrinkle coefficient and the minimum wall thickness. Experiments are carried out to validate the process window, and the wall thickness and the wrinkle height are measured and compared with numerical findings. The results show that the anti-wrinkle ability of drawbeads weakens with increasing oblique angle and distance from the die center, while the wall thickness increases with increasing oblique angle and distance, and the inner wrinkling can be completely suppressed by drawbeads arranged in zones I and II with optimum penetration.     

AZ31镁合金板热成形中的屈服和损伤:本构实现与数值分析

为了准确预测各向异性镁合金板的成形质量,将改进的GTN损伤模型与各向异性拉压不对称的CPB06屈服本构耦合,并考虑了屈服面形状随塑性应变累积的变化,得到了考虑本构参数随塑性应变演化的各向异性屈服CPB06-GTN损伤模型。基于该模型,在ABAQUS/Explict中编译得到了相应的VUMAT子程序,采用单个单元进行了单轴拉伸和压缩模拟,并通过与实验一致性对比验证了子程序的正确性。使用子程序不仅能够模拟镁合金的各向异性屈服及其不规则的硬化,同时也能够模拟镁合金的损伤破坏。此外,采用编写的子程序进行了热拉深成形的数值模拟,模拟预测与实验结果对比表明,采用各向异性损伤模型的计算结果能够准确预测镁合金的变形及其损伤破坏,模拟结果与实验数据吻合;采用合适的压边力和成形的温度条件及非等温成形方法能够提高镁合金的成形性。     

Effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending

Inner flange and side wrinkling often occur in rotary-draw bending process of rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes, and the distribution and magnitude of wrinkling is related to geometrical parameters of the tubes. In order to study the effects of geometrical parameters on wrinkling of rectangular wave-guide tubes, a 3D-FE model for rotary-draw bending processes of thin-walled rectangular aluminum alloy wave-guide tubes was built based on the platform of ABA-QUS/Explicit, and its reliability was validated by experiments. Simulation and analysis of the influence laws of geometrical parameters on the wave heights of inner flange and side wrinkling were then carried out. The results show that inner flange wrinkling is the main wrinkling way to rectan- gular wave-guide tubes in rotary-draw bending processes, but side wrinkling cannot be neglected because side wrinkling is 2/3 of inner flange wrinkling when b and h are smaller. Inner flange and side wrinkling increase with increasing b and h; the influence of b on side wrinkling is larger than that of h, while both b and h affect inner flange wrinkling greatly. Inner flange and side wrinkling decrease with increasing R/h; the influence of h on inner flange and side wrinkling is larger than that of R.     

TC1钛合金端盖零件热拉深成形工艺研究

针对TC1钛合金端盖零件的结构特点,分析了零件的成形难点,对热拉深工艺的模具材料、温度、压边间隙、拉深速度等对零件成形性能的影响进行了研究,提出了合理的工艺参数。结果表明,该工艺方法可实现薄壁、大拉深比的TC1钛合金零件的精确成形,采用空气脱模的方式可获得平面度满足设计要求的零件,为类似零件的取件提供了工艺参考。     

飞机橡皮囊成形零件毛坯精确预示方法研究

 橡皮囊成形是飞机钣金零件成形的主要方法之一,其初始毛坯形状的预示是橡皮囊成形中的一个难点问题。针对橡皮囊成形的工艺特点,提出了一种基于一步逆成形有限元法的飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件毛坯快速精确预示方法。首先将设计好的飞机钣金零件作为最终构形,然后采用一步逆成形有限元法进行初始毛坯的快速反向模拟,最后将通过该方法获得的毛坯外形应用到实际飞机钣金橡皮囊成形中,实验结果表明该方法可以快速精确地预示出飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件的初始毛坯形状。     

面向航空铝合金薄壁深腔构件的冲击液压成形工艺优化

为实现冲击液压成形下LY12铝合金薄壁深腔构件的一道次成形,采用响应面法结合冲击液压成形实验进行成形中的工艺参数优化研究。以减薄率和贴模率为响应量,压边力和冲击压力为优化变量,建立响应量与优化变量间的响应模型。选择中心复合设计法进行实验设计,通过Design Expert 12软件设计实验方案,分别建立关于减薄率的一阶响应模型和关于贴模率的二阶响应模型。优化结果表明当压边力为1.443 MPa、冲击压力为12.594 MPa时可满足减薄率和贴模率优化条件。通过验证实验得到的筒形件其减薄率和贴模率与预测值相对误差不超过5%。研究结果表明建立的响应面模型准确性和预测性良好,采用优化后的工艺参数成形的筒形件满足减薄率和贴模率要求。     

Plastic wrinkling model and characteristics of shear enforced Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints and differential temperature fields

Plastic wrinkling predictions and shear enforced wrinkling characteristics of Ti-alloy thin-walled tubes under combination die constraints have become key problems urgently in need of solutions in order to improve forming quality in their shear bending processes under differential temperature fields. To address this, a wrinkling wave function was developed by considering their shear bend deformation characteristics. Based on this wave function and the thin shell theory, an energy prediction model for this type of wrinkling was established. This model enables considera-tion of the effects of shear deformation zone ranges, material parameters, loading modes, and fric-tion coefficients between tube and dies on the minimum wrinkling energy. Tube wrinkling sensitive zones (WSZs) can be revealed by combining this wrinkling prediction model with a thermal-mechanical coupled finite element model for simulating these bending processes. The reliability of this wrinkling prediction model was verified, and an investigation into the tube wrinkling char-acteristics was carried out based on the experimental conditions. This found that the WSZs are located on either a single side or both sides of the maximum shear stress zone. When the friction coefficients between the tube and the various dies coincide, the WSZs are located on both sides. The larger the value of the tube inner corner radius and/or the smaller the value of the outer corner radius, the smaller the wrinkling probability. With an increase in the value of the moving die dis-placement, the wrinkling probability increases at first, and then decreases.     

一种确定钣金成形件毛坯的新方法

针对钣金成形工艺设计中的毛坯展开问题,利用高分子聚合物在冻结温度时力学特性和金属的相似性及其形状记忆特性,提出了一种确定钣金成形件毛坯形状的新方法——物理逆向法。给出了此方法的理论依据,并进行了相应的试验验证。结果表明此方法是可行的。此方法对于复杂的拉深成形件和复杂的覆盖件的进一步研究更有实际意义,有利于提高产品质量和降低成本。     

Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.