基于干扰观测器的磁悬浮姿控飞轮电机控制

由于磁悬浮飞轮转子不平衡振动的存在,飞轮力矩/转速控制精度受到影响.为有效地对不平衡振动干扰进行估计,提出了一种针对时变谐波扰动的非线性干扰观测方法,观测器的动态与稳态性能可以根据系统要求设定,具有全局一致收敛性;在非线性干扰观测器的基础上设计变结构控制器对飞轮转速进行控制并对干扰进行补偿,通过改进变结构控制器的滑模函数与控制律系统抖振可以有效地削弱.仿真与实验结果表明:基于非线性干扰观测器的变结构控制器具有很好的扰动抑制能力和动态响应、稳态误差调节能力,可用于实现飞轮输出力矩控制.     

一种抑制扰动的轴向磁轴承鲁棒控制新方法

从鲁棒稳定性和抑制扰动的动态性能角度,分析了干扰观测器应用到轴向磁轴承时其有效带宽较低的问题,指出磁轴承易受到低频干扰并提出了一种抑制扰动鲁棒控制方法.基于动态分析建立了轴向磁轴承的名义模型,并设计了内环控制的干扰观测器,采用标准H∞问题的方法设计抑制扰动鲁棒控制器作为外环控制.仿真分析与实验说明了该方法能够提高干扰观测器的带宽,同时,实验验证了对于系统参数不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性能,对比单一的控制方法具有良好的抑制扰动能力.     

基于角加速度的陀螺框架伺服系统干扰观测器

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG,Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyro)是大型航天器姿态控制的关键执行机构,影响MSCMG输出力矩准确度的一个关键因素是其框架伺服系统的控制精度.为提高MSCMG框架伺服系统的抗干扰能力和控制精度,提出了一种基于角加速度的干扰观测器.其设计思想是:卡尔曼滤波器利用角位置估计出角速度并送往状态观测器以获取准确的角加速度,角加速度和电流作为干扰观测器的输入以获得补偿电流,补偿电流加到电流环的输入端以补偿各种干扰.干扰观测器结构简单,抗干扰能力强.实验表明:该方法有效地提高了MSCMG框架伺服系统的角速度精度与稳定度.     

改善反作用轮低速性能的补偿观测器方法

基于Ｄａｈｌ摩擦模型,给出了用于卫星姿态三轴稳定控制的反作用轮低速动力学方程,就反作用轮转速过零对卫星姿态产生的扰动现象进行了分析,提出了一种利用非线性观测器估计摩擦力矩,并予以补偿的补偿观测器方法。仿真结果表明,该方法改善了反作用轮低速性能,提高了卫星姿态控制的指向精度和稳定度。     

空间相机匀速扫描干扰补偿控制方法

针对空间相机匀速扫描中的周期干扰,研究永磁同步电机(PMSM)抗扰控制问题.为了解决传统状态观测器与内模原理补偿方法形式复杂、计算量大的问题,结合敏感器测量输出和系统模型推导出干扰量,并在重构干扰的基础上,采用超前输入补偿策略快速抑制扰动影响.该方法形式简洁,计算量小,经数学仿真和试验验证,可有效抑制系统正弦扰动,改善...     

SGCMG框架伺服系统扰动力矩分析与控制

单框架控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统对扰动力矩抑制能力的不足限制了其控制精度的进一步提高。文章对框架伺服系统受到的扰动力矩及其对框架伺服系统控制性能的影响进行了分析;设计了基于终端滑模变结构控制策略和扰动观测器的框架转速控制器;利用变结构控制对系统干扰的不变性和对滑动模态控制的快速响应特性,实现了框架伺服系统在扰动力矩波动,尤其是高频扰动力矩波动条件下的高精度控制。仿真结果表明,相比传统的比例-积分-微分控制策略,提出的控制方法可行有效,将框架转速波动量缩小了2/3。     

基于ADRC的MSCMG框架系统高精度控制

针对非线性摩擦和外部随机扰动影响磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG, Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyroscope)框架系统角速率精度的问题,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制器(ADRC, Active Disturbance Rejection Controller)的高精度转速控制方法.通过三阶扩张状态观测器将框架系统负载力矩、非线性摩擦力矩及外部随机扰动力矩作为"总扰动"进行估计,并对该扰动力矩进行补偿.仿真及实验结果表明:基于自抗扰控制器的框架系统控制方法使框架转速精度和稳定度提高了50%以上,且具有抗干扰能力强和动态特性好的特点.     

基于迭代学习算法的控制力矩陀螺框架扰动抑制策略研究

卫星的快速机动以及高精度姿态控制,越来越依赖高精度的控制力矩陀螺(CMG)力矩输出,这就需要CMG低速框架能够有效抑制扰动力矩,降低转速波动.对由高速转子动不平衡引起的扰动力矩进行了分析和建模.为了抑制该扰动力矩对低速框架转速稳定性的影响,在传统的低速框架PID双环控制系统上嵌入了迭代学习的控制算法.通过仿真实验验证该控制方法能够有效抑制扰振力矩,大幅度的提高CMG的输出力矩精度.     

空间站组合体惯性系内角动量管理控制

针对惯性系内重力梯度力矩与气动力矩的常值部分积累引起控制力矩陀螺饱和的问题,在惯性系内建立空间站的动力学模型并进行线性化,利用滤波变量将系统状态方程扩维,采用LQR方法设计系统反馈控制增益矩阵,实现空间站在惯性系内的角动量管理控制.惯性系内重力梯度力矩、气动力矩由轨道角速度整数倍的频率成份构成,可以根据实际情况增加抑制不同频率成份的滤波变量,用于抑制不同频率成份干扰力矩对空间站姿态或控制力矩陀螺角动量的干扰,从而使空间站长期在惯性系内飞行而不需要进行角动量的卸载.仿真验证了控制器的性能.     

双星跟飞立体成像的构形保持控制

针对强干扰及输出饱和条件下微小双星立体成像的构形保持问题,提出一种基于观测器的抗干扰复合控制策略.根据立体成像双星跟飞运动机理,建立双星相对运动动力学模型;设计了一种自适应干扰观测器,可同时实现系统状态和干扰信息的在线估计,并采用Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式技术给出观测器存在条件.采用极点配置方法改善观测器系统的动态性能,引入指数衰减因子提高控制器的收敛速度.考虑执行机构的输出饱和特性,提出一种加权PD+LQR反馈与干扰前馈补偿的复合控制策略,能够抑制未知干扰的影响,保证系统的动态和稳态性能,具备双星构形保持控制能力.仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性.      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。