溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2 -TiO2 / 聚酰亚胺杂化材料及其性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SiO2-TiO2溶胶,然后通过共混法制得SiO2-TiO2/聚酰亚胺杂化材料,SEM、DMTA和TGA等方法研究了无机组分的含量对聚酰亚胺性能的影响。结果表明:SiO2-TiO2/聚酰亚胺杂化材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度随无机粒子含量变化而变化,当无机粒子含量为3%(质量分数)时二者出现最大值,其冲击强度较纯树脂提高了177%,弯曲强度提高了54.6%。另外,随着SiO2-TiO2无机材料的增加,杂化材料热稳定性亦有所提高。     

纳米SiO2改性航空氟碳涂料的研究

采用溶液共混法制备了纳米SiO2／氟碳树脂复合涂料，并利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-VIS)等测试了涂料的性能。研究表明，纳米SiO2在氟碳树脂基体中呈纳米级原生粒子分散。纳米SiO2粒子的加入提高了氟碳涂料的抗紫外老化性能和机械性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO2／CE复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在有机溶剂中的水解-缩合制备纳米SiO2.将所制备的纳米SiO2用于改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy),制备纳米SiO2/BADCy浇铸体.采用透射电镜(TEM)分析SiO2在BADCy基体中的分散性,同时测试了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,粒径为20～50 nm的SiO2在基体中以纳米量级均匀分散,与BADCy结合界面模糊,两者具有较好粘结性;添加纳米SiO2可以明显提高复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度,当纳米SiO2的含量为4%时,力学性能改性效果最佳.     

氰酸酯／环氧树脂体系的研究

采用环氧树脂(E 51)与氰酸酯树脂共聚以改善氰酸酯树脂的韧性,研究了环氧树脂的加入量、后处理温度、湿热老化、紫外光老化等条件对改性后树脂体系的力学性能和介电性能的影响规律,采用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明环氧树脂可以明显改善氰酸酯树脂的韧性,环氧树脂含量为30wt%的体系的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别比改性前提高了100%和50%。随环氧树脂用量的增加,改性树脂的冲击强度和弯曲强度增大,树脂表现为明显的韧性断裂;改性体系经200℃后处理2h的介电性能最佳,环氧树脂用量的增加、湿热老化和紫外光老化都使介电常数和介电损耗增加,但当环氧树脂用量低于30wt%时仍属于优异的介电材料。     

非线性添加剂对聚酰亚胺介电性能的影响

采用非线性添加剂对聚酰亚胺进行电导率改性,研究了改性前后介质的电导特性及其他介电性能,以及添加剂含量对聚酰亚胺复合介质材料电导特性的影响。结果表明,改性后的复合试样的体电导率随添加剂质量分数的变化而变化,当质量分数小于5%时,电导率略有下降,大于5%时显著上升。改性后的复合介质材料的非线性电导率特性变化显著。     

Al2 O3 掺杂对SiO2 纳米透波/ 隔热材料性能的影响

在溶胶-凝胶过程中加入纳米Al2O3 颗粒制备Al2O3 掺杂的SiO2 纳米透波/ 隔热材料,研究了

Al2O3 掺杂对材料高温热稳定性、介电性能及隔热性能的影响。结果表明,Al2O3 掺杂阻碍了SiO2 颗粒之间的

烧结,提高了材料的使用温度;材料介电常数符合Lichtenecker 对数法则;室温热导率略有提高,通过组合结构

改善了材料的隔热性能。

     

环氧纳米复合材料的空间环境性能研究

试验研究了纳米粒子对环氧648树脂空间环境性能的影响，主要空间环境模拟试验包括真空挥发、电子辐照、常压冷热循环和热真空试验等。结果表明，纳米TiO2、SiO2的加入能大幅度提高环氧648树脂的空间出气性能。树脂的冲击强度分别提高59％和20％，电子辐照后性能变化不大，常压、真空热循环后性能有所降低，添加纳米材料的有些性能还有所增加。     

环氧／纳米SiO2杂化浆料的制备及其对碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了环氧/纳米SiO2杂化浆料,对杂化浆料膜的结构和性能进行了表征分析,同时研究了该浆料对碳纤维复合材料性能的影响.首先制备了(γ-异氰酸酯基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷接枝的环氧树脂,利用该树脂对纳米SiO2先驱体进行原位改性,制备碳纤维表面环氧/纳米SiO2杂化浆料.采用FT-IR,AFM和综合热分析仪对纳米SiO2先驱体的原位改性结构、浆料膜的显微形态和相态及其热性能进行分析,成功制备了环氧/纳米SiO2杂化浆料,SiO2以纳米尺度均匀地分布于杂化浆料膜中,纳米SiO2的引入使杂化浆料膜的热性能得到了提高.采用该杂化浆料对碳纤维表面进行改性,复合材料力学性能研究表明,杂化浆料可同时提高复合材料的层间剪切强度和冲击性能.     

PVA浓度对电纺制备ZnO纳米纤维吸波性能的影响

采用静电纺丝法制备ZnO纳米纤维,研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)浓度对ZnO纳米纤维微观形貌、介电性能和吸波性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着PVA浓度从6%增至10%,ZnO纳米纤维直径变细,但珠结增加,粗细不均。当PVA浓度为8%时,ZnO纳米纤维直径较细、粗细均匀、表面光滑、珠结较少,形貌最好。此时,其介电常数达到最高值,实部为15.4~20.8,虚部为3.6~4.7,并在较薄的厚度下具有最优的吸波性能。当70%(质量分数/%,下同)ZnO纳米纤维/石蜡样品的厚度为1.3 mm时,反射率低于–5 dB的吸收带宽达到5.4 GHz(12.6~18 GHz),最小反射率为–16.6 dB。此外,石蜡含量也对样品的介电性能和吸波性能具有重要影响,随着石蜡含量的增加,样品的介电常数降低,当石蜡含量为30%和20%时,样品具有较好的吸波性能。     

双马来酰亚胺／E—玻璃布复合材料的研制

研究了用于雷达罩的改性双马来酰亚胺（ＢＭＩ）／Ｅ－玻璃布复合材料板的介电性能、温度对材料力学性能的影响以及耐热性能,并采用波导法测定了改性ＢＭＩ／Ｅ－玻璃布复合材料雷达罩的透波率。结果表明,这种材料能够满足雷达罩的介电性和耐热性要求。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。