Robust spline-line energy management guidance algorithm with multiple constraints and uncertainties for solid rocket ascending

For the solid rocket with depletion shutdown system, effective energy management is significant to meet terminal constraints by exhausting excess energy. Several traditional energy management algorithms cannot satisfy the altitude constraint and path constraints are not sufficiently considered. The velocity adjustment capability of these algorithms is limited and the uncertainties are not considered. Based on the on-line programming of velocity capability curve, Spline-Line Energy Management(SLE...     

Impact time control guidance against maneuvering targets based on a nonlinear virtual relative model

Aiming at the problem of high-precision interception of air-maneuvering targets with impact time constraints, this paper proposes a novel guidance law based on a nonlinear virtual relative model in which the origin is attached to the target. In this way, the original maneuvering target is transformed into a stationary one. A polynomial function of the guidance command in the range domain with two unknown coefficients is introduced into the virtual model, one of the coefficients is determined to ...     

Review of control and guidance technology on hypersonic vehicle

Air-breathing hypersonic vehicle has great military and potential economic value due to its characteristics: high velocity, long range, quick response. Therefore, the development of hypersonic vehicle and its guidance and control technology are reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the development and classification of hypersonic vehicles around the world are summarized, and the geometric configuration and mission profile of typical air-breathing hypersonic vehicle are given.Secondly, the control dif...     

EM-ML algorithm for track initialization using possibly noninformative data

Initializing and maintaining a track for a low observable (LO) (low SNR, low target detection probability and high false alarm rate) target can be very challenging because of the low information content of measurements. In addition, in some scenarios, target-originated measurements might not be present in many consecutive scans because of mispointing, target maneuvers, or erroneous preprocessing. That is, one might have a set of noninformative scans that could result in poor track initialization and maintenance. In this paper an algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm combined with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is presented for tracking slowly maneuvering targets in heavy clutter and possibly noninformative scans. The adaptive sliding-window EM-ML approach, which operates in batch mode, tries to reject or weight down noninformative scans using the Q-function in the M-step of the EM algorithm. It is shown that target features in the form of, for example, amplitude information (AI), can also be used to improve the estimates. In addition, performance bounds based on the supplemented EM (SEM) technique are also presented. The effectiveness of new algorithm is first demonstrated on a 78-frame long wave infrared (LWIR) data sequence consisting of an Fl Mirage fighter jet in heavy clutter. Previously, this scenario has been used as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of other track initialization algorithms. The new EM-ML estimator confirms the track by frame 20 while the ML-PDA (maximum likelihood estimator combined with probabilistic data association) algorithm, the IMM-MHT (interacting multiple model estimator combined with multiple hypothesis tracking) and the EVIM-PDA estimator previously required 28, 38, and 39 frames, respectively. The benefits of the new algorithm in terms of accuracy, early detection, and computational load are illustrated using simulated scenarios as well.     

Optimization of observer trajectories for bearings-only targetlocalization

The problem of bearings-only target localization is to estimate the location of a fixed target from a sequence of noisy bearing measurements. Although, in theory, this process is observable even without an observer maneuver, estimation performance (i.e., accuracy, stability and convergence rate) can be greatly enhanced by properly exploiting observer motion to increase observability. This work addresses the optimization of observer trajectories for bearings-only fixed-target localization. The approach presented herein is based on maximizing the determinant of the Fisher information matrix (FIM), subject to state constraints imposed on the observer trajectory (e.g., by the target defense system). Direct optimal control numerical schemes, including the recently introduced differential inclusion (DI) method, are used to solve the resulting optimal control problem. Computer simulations, utilizing the familiar Stansfield and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators, demonstrate the enhancement to target position estimability using the optimal observer trajectories     

带落角约束的虚拟目标实时轨迹生成算法

针对导弹带落角约束条件打击目标的要求,在纵向平面内,根据导弹和目标的实时运动轨迹,提出了一种虚拟目标实时轨迹生成算法,并且给出了该算法中所需要的目标实时位置信息的估算方法.仿真结果表明,以该算法得出的虚拟目标轨迹作为导弹的跟踪对象,采用变结构导引律能满足落角约束条件,并且能够提供很高的命中精度,从而证明了该算法的正确性和有效性,为带落角约束条件打击目标提供了一种新的思路和途径.     

Radar power multiplier for acquisition of low observables using anESA radar

In this paper the acquisition of a low observable (LO) incoming tactical ballistic missile using the measurements from a surface based electronically scanned array (ESA) radar is presented. We present a batch maximum likelihood (ML) estimator to acquire the missile while it is exo-atmospheric. The proposed estimator, which combines ML estimation with the probabilistic data association (PDA) approach resulting in the ML-PDA algorithm to handle false alarms, also uses target features. The use of features facilitates target acquisition under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Typically, ESA radars operate at 13-20 dB, whereas the new estimator is shown to be effective even at 4 dB SNR (in a resolution cell, at the end of the signal processing chain) for a Swerling III fluctuating target, which represents a significant counter-stealth capability. That is, this algorithm acts as an effective “power multiplier” for the radar by about an order of magnitude. An approximate Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), quantifying the attainable estimation accuracies and shown to be met by the proposed estimator, is derived as well     

USE OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS TO SEQUENCE THE MACHINING OPERATIONS OF PARTS

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自动计算NURBS初始权因子的方法

通过对NURBS曲线权因子几何属性的深入分析,给出了一个直观、简洁和客观计算权因子的一般方法 ;在此基础上,提出了利用线性插值法和嵌入ANN算法的自动计算NURBS权因子的具体方法。根据NURBS控制多边形的形状以及曲线的形状约束条件,自动计算出NURBS曲线的一组初始权因子。     

基于惯性递推原理的行人自主定位方法综述及展望

在室内环境或者卫星信号遮挡环境下,如何实现单兵或者行人的自主定位是目前研究的热点问题.其中,基于惯性递推原理的行人自主定位方法由于无需提前布设基础设施,且具有体积小、成本低、完全自主、不受干扰、实时性高等特点,因此具有广泛的研究价值和意义.本文围绕基于惯性递推原理的行人自主定位方法展开介绍,针对动态步态分析、零速区间检...     

Track Initiation of Occasionally Unresolved Radar Targets

In a dense detection environment track-while-scan algorithms will introduce many false tracks when processing is performed on a scan-by-scan basis. The maximum likelihood solution involving all detections on all scans is formulated and evaluated for the initiation problem consisting of false alarms, missed detections, and unresolved detections. A comparison is made between the maximum likelihood solutions including and not including the resolution likelihood and it is shown that the resolution likelihood must be included if the data contain unresolved detections. While the maximum likelihood method (with unresolved detections) does not appear to be implementable in real time without very high speed integrated circuit (VHSIC) technology, it can be used as a standard to which more implementable methods can be compared.     

运用低自由度协同优化的机翼结构气动多学科设计优化

 为了解决协同优化方法(CO)协调困难和计算量过大的问题,提出了低自由度协同优化方法(LDFCO)。LDFCO的系统级优化通过调整共享设计变量和辅助设计变量,使系统目标最优,并满足一致性约束条件。子系统优化通过调整局部设计变量,使子系统目标最优,并满足局部约束条件。子系统目标有2种形式：最小化本子系统的一致性约束函数和直接与系统目标有关的状态变量的加权和,或最小化一种不同于前者的一致性约束函数。着重研究了如何利用常规LDFCO/V1和基于代理模型的LDFCO/V1求解机翼的气动/结构多学科设计优化问题,并与CO方法进行了对比,结果表明常规LDFCO/V1和基于代理模型的LDFCO/V1都能成功地应用到机翼的多学科设计优化中,验证了LDFCO/V1的可行性和有效性。     

特征设计的定位约束参数化技术

 提出一种三维参数化的系统模式，将参数化工作分为二维变量几何、扫描方向参数化及特征定位约束参数化3个相对独立的部分。针对反映三维参数化特点的定位约束参数化技术，提出用坐标系方式表示特征之间的定位约束关系，定义了所需的几种坐标系，分析了可能存在的约束关系类型，并从一般位置约束关系的分析入手，推导出相应的约束变换矩阵，拓宽了约束表示的覆盖域。还针对特征模型约束情况分析、判断和处理的需要，分析了各种约束类型的自由度亏损情况。     

复合材料机械连接结构分析中的接触算法适用性研究

采用有限元方法计算复合材料机械连接结构孔边接触应力分布时,需要保证其结果的可靠度。分别以Nastran、Marc和Abaqus为平台,研究小滑移接触检测技术和有限滑移接触检测技术以及拉格朗日乘子法、直接约束法和罚函数法等接触约束施加技术的基本原理与特点,结合复合材料销钉连接结构应力分析实验与数值计算,验证各接触算法的准确性和适用性。结果表明:在复合材料机械连接结构有限元分析中,应当采用有限滑移接触检测技术和罚函数接触约束施加方法以提高计算精度。     

Satellite intercept targeting DSP algorithm design and evaluation

A unified processing approach for the detection and localization of satellites or other exoatmospheric targets is presented. Enhanced filtering and centroid determination algorithms were developed based on real-time implementation constraints, mission conditions including accuracy requirements, and signature structure. The signature structure consisted of target returns, high-frequency random noise, low-frequency structured noise, and contamination sources resulting from debris and cosmic events. Detailed signal processing analyses were performed to verify the required subsample accuracy and the sensitivity to hardware and system constraints. The resultant system design was functionally verified in a real-time breadboard processor     

An optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly with engineering constraints

Posture of an aircraft fuselage can be evaluated based on the coordinate values of measure points fixed on the aircraft fuselage in aircraft final assembly. Posture adjustment is carried out by rotation and translation of the aircraft fuselage to make sure that the actual coordinate values of the measure points are coincided with the theoretical ones read from the computer aided design(CAD) model. The point registration method of posture adjustment without considering engineering constraints may cause out-of-tolerance for some engineering constraints. Hence, engineering constraints such as plane symmetry of two points, as well as coplanar and collinear of the multipoint should be considered in the new optimal method of posture adjustment in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. Based on the point registration model, a multi-objective optimization model of posture adjustment considering engineering constraints including collinear, coplanar, and symmetry constraints is established and represented by a uniform vector function. The weights of constraint conditions can be set freely in the optimization model to reflect the importance of the corresponding constraints in aircraft fuselage joining assembly. The rotation and translation parameters of posture adjustment are obtained by the proposed multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Gauss-Newton method. Results of an example of aircraft fuselage joining assembly show that constraint errors of posture adjustment obtained by the multi-objective optimization model are not out of tolerance for design constraint errors and satisfy the requirement of aircraft fuselage joining assembly.     

无人机三维航路规划技术研究及发展趋势

由于搜索空间巨大,三维航迹规划一直是航迹规划中的难点,而无人机只有进行精确的三维航迹规划才能提高低空突防的成功率。本文描述了无人机在线航路规划的影响因素,分析了无人机动力学约束及威胁场约束,探讨了无人机航路几何建模方法及三维航路规划算法的研究概况,并着重分析了三维航路规划算法如禁忌搜索、人工势场法、粒子群优化算法、Dijkstra算法及A＊算法。最后,阐述了无人机三维航路规划面临的关键问题及发展趋势。     

Hypersonic reentry trajectory planning by using hybrid fractional-order particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm called Fractional-order Particle Swarm optimization Gravitational Search Algorithm (FPSOGSA) and applies it to the trajectory planning of the hypersonic lifting reentry flight vehicles. The proposed method is used to calculate the control profiles to achieve the two objectives, namely a smoother trajectory and enforcement of the path constraints with terminal accuracy. The smoothness of the trajectory is achieved by scheduling the bank angle with the aid of a modified scheme known as a Quasi-Equilibrium Glide (QEG) scheme. The aerodynamic load factor and the dynamic pressure path constraints are enforced by further planning of the bank angle with the help of a constraint enforcement scheme. The maximum heating rate path constraint is enforced through the angle of attack parameterization. The Common Aero Vehicle (CAV) flight vehicle is used for the simulation purpose to test and compare the proposed method with that of the standard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method and the standard Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The simulation results confirm the efficiency of the proposed FPSOGSA method over the standard PSO and the GSA methods by showing its better convergence and computation efficiency.     

航空声纳浮标定位的数据融合方法研究

声纳浮标由于受到多种随机因素的干扰,定位精度相差很大,在对具有一定散布海域的潜艇目标进行探测时,往往会投放多枚定位浮标,出现数据冗余的现象。针对这一问题,本文提出了浮标定位算法中的一种数据融合算法;并分析了加权融合和非线性最小二乘数据融合的方法,最后通过仿真验证了这种算法的有效性和可行性。     

应力和位移约束下连续体结构的拓扑优化

结构拓扑优化设计是结构初始方案设计的重要方法。同时考虑应力和位移约束,采用遗传算法,用染色体基因映射结构离散化后的单元体,对连续体结构进行拓扑优化。为了消除结构中的铰接和棋盘格现象,在拓扑优化分析中引入了结构约束的概念,并在罚函数方法中引入导向因子,改善优化分析结果。该方法可以为工程结构的初始设计提供多种方案,同时为新结构的设计提供了理论基础。算例分析表明所提出的方法是合理、有效的。