Performance of a Square Law Pseudonoise Ranging Time-of-Arrival Estimator

The performance of a square law time-of-arrival (TOA) estimator that has been proposed for use in ASTRO-DABS, part of a possible satellite-based fourth generation air traffic control system is considered. The transmitted message consists of a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) ranging sequence that, due to transmitter characteristics, is corrupted by an unknown frequency offset. The optimum TOA estimator, for the case of no frequency uncertainty, is first presented, together with a lower bound on the variance of the estimate generated. This is followed by the consideration of a suboptimum TOA estimator for which a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance analysis is carried out; here, the effects of frequency uncertainty are included. Next, the zero-crossing properties of the derivative of the (suboptimum) estimation statistic are presented and the results used to derive an upper bound to the TOA estimate variance that is valid for all SNR values. This latter result is significant because it displays the system threshold effect and complements performance lower bounds that may be derived via other methods. In addition, the method presented here may be applied to other optimum and suboptimum systems where a discrete set of parameters is to be estimated.     

窗体创建与销毁消息的截获与处理

介绍了Windows系统钩子及其运行机制,在Delphi编程环境中利用WH_CALLWNDPROC系统钩子,给出了对特定窗体的创建和销毁消息进行截获和处理的具体实现方法,解决了在受控软件源代码未知的情况下对其实施外围监控的问题。该种方法可应用于软件运行状态监控、IE广告过滤软件助手制作等领域。     

Composite Bound on Arrival Time Estimation Errors

Time of arrival (TOA) estimation of narrowband signals is a problem of considerable practical interest in radar and sonar applications. A new technique is presented to analyze the mean square error (MSE) performance of TOA estimation schemes, based on recently developed lower bound. We obtain a complete characterization of the MSE as a function of the signal and noise parameters. The results are given in a simple closed-form analytical expression.     

An Adaptive Two-Dimensional Kalman Tracking Filter

A continuously adaptive two-dimensional Kalman tracking filter for a low data rate track-while-scan (TWS) operation is introduced which enhances the tracking of maneuvering targets. The track residuals in each coordinate, which are a measure of track quality, are sensed, normalized to unity variance, and then filtered in a single-pole filter. The magnitude Z of the output of this single-pole filter, when it exceeds a threshold Z1 is used to vary the maneuver noise spectral density q in the Kalman filter model in a continuous manner. This has the effect of increasing the tracking filter gains and containing the bias developed by the tracker due to the maneuvering target. The probability of maintaining track, with reasonably sized target gates, is thus increased, The operational characteristic of q versus Z assures that the tracker gains do not change unless there is high confidence that a maneuver is in progress.     

高精度固体推进剂爆热测试系统

为准确测量固体推进剂储存期间爆热值的变化,研究了高精度的爆热测试设备。针对影响爆热测试的主要因素,在测试系统硬件设计中采取了降低热量损失的多种措施,并采用了悬浮式光电隔离技术;在系统软件设计中则采用了数字滤波技术,建立了新的热量散失校正数学模型,并对影响测试精度的因素进行在线实时补偿。对标准物质的热值测试表明,系统测试相对误差小于０．１％,实现了推进剂爆热的高精度测试。     

Passive localization by a single moving observer using TOA only with unknown SRI: Observability analysis and algorithm

Passive localization by a single moving observer using Time of Arrival (TOA) only with an unknown Signal Repetition Interval (SRI) is investigated in this paper. Observability analysis is performed first. The observability condition for uniquely determining the emitter position and SRI is derived. The conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also analyzed. It is found that the ambiguity of the SRI integer of the first TOA does not affect the theoretical estimation precision of the emitter position and SRI. A Reference-Fixed Differential TOA (RFDTOA)-based Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (IMLE) is proposed, which only needs O(M) computational operations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm could attain the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波法的串联型电池系统 荷电状态估计研究

以锂离子电池为载体的电源系统为航天器稳定可靠运行提供了一种有效的方式.多个电池单体经串联可扩大电池系统容量,即串联型电池系统.为准确估计串联型锂离子电池系统的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC),针对扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)计算复杂、精度不高等问题,结合串联型电池系统空间状态方程,提出基于无迹卡尔曼滤波法(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)的串联型电池系统荷电状态估计算法.在恒流和脉冲两种工况下,通过对比分析UKF与EKF算法的仿真结果与实验数据的匹配情况,证明了提出算法的准确性和高鲁棒性.     

基于类GPS技术的编队卫星相对参数测量研究

针对编队飞行小卫星间相对位置和相对姿态的测量,提出利用类GPS技术实现编队卫星间的自主测量,建立相应的测量模型来获得与相对位置和相对姿态相关的观测量。利用C-W方程和姿态运动学方程建立相应的状态方程,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波实现对编队卫星间相对参数的实时估计。MATLAB仿真结果表明,此方法能够获得很高的测量精度。     

基于Jacobi法可编程低通有源滤波器设计

给出了基于可编程跨导运算放大器(POTA)的有源滤波器设计方法．能在一定范围内实现跨导值程控调节，提高调节精度和准确度。并且利用Jacobi法求解相似对角形矩阵，避免解高次方程的问题。所设计的有源滤波电路不易受分布电容的影响，稳定性好、灵敏度低。给出了设计实例，显示了该方法的优点。     

A novel pulse TOA analysis technique for radar identification

A new processing technique is presented for identifying individual pulse trains in a buffer load of pulse time-of-arrival (TOA) data from radar warning receiver sets currently in use for electronic warfare (EW). The method is based on the numerical characteristics of the matrix of the differences of the TOA data points. In particular, for a uniform pulse repetition interval (PRI) emitter, this matrix is a symmetrical harmonic Toeplitz matrix the inverse of which has banded tridiagonal form. This form leads to an estimator for the PRI in terms of the trace of the inverted matrix     

A relative navigation system for formation flight

A relative navigation system based on both the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) is developed to support situational awareness during formation flight. The architecture of the system requires an INS/GPS integration across two aircraft via a data link. A fault-tolerant federated filter is used to estimate the relative INS errors based on relative GPS measurements and a range measurement obtained from the data link. The filter is constructed based on a reduced-order model of the relative INS error process. A method for analyzing the filter performance is presented. A case involving two helicopters in formation flight is studied under three different night trajectories to account for the effect of vehicle motion on the INS state transition matrix. The results of the covariance analysis are compared with actual night results over an instrumented test range.     

Multistatic adaptive pulse compression

A new technique denoted as multistatic adaptive pulse compression (MAPC) is introduced which exploits recent work on adaptive pulse compression (APC) in order to jointly separate and pulse compress the concurrently received return signals from K proximate multistatic radars operating (i.e., transmitting) within the same spectrum. For the return signal from a single pulse of a monostatic radar, APC estimates the particular receive filter for a given range cell in a Bayesian sense reiteratively by employing the matched filter estimates of the surrounding range cell values as a priori knowledge in order to place temporal (i.e., range) nulls at the relative ranges occupied by large targets and thereby suppress range sidelobes to the level of the noise. The MAPC approach generalizes the APC concept by jointly estimating the particular receive filter for each range cell associated with each of several concurrently-received radar return signals occupying the same spectrum. As such, MAPC is found to enable shared-spectrum multistatic operation and is shown to yield substantial performance improvement in the presence of multiple spectrum-sharing radars as compared with both standard matched filters and standard least-squares mismatched filters     

Analytical Results for the x, y Kalman Tracking Filter

A two-dimensional x, y Kalman tracking filter is analyzed for a track-while-scan (TWS) operation when the radar sensor measures range and bearing (r, ?) at uniform sampling intervals T seconds apart. This development explicitly considers the coupling between the quantities measured by the sensor (r, ?) and the Cartesian x, y coordinate system selected for the tracking operation. The steadystate components of the gain and error covariance matrixes are analytically determined under the assumption of a white noise maneuver acceleration model in two dimensions. These results are verified by computer calculation of the Kalman filter matrix equations.     

基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导技术分析

着舰引导技术是航母/舰载机系统的核心技术,差分卫星导航相对定位精度高,广泛应用于近距离相对定位,基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导技术是当前着舰引导技术研究的热点.载波相位周跳是影响差分卫星导航相对定位精度的关键因素.本文在分析基于差分卫星导航的着舰引导系统架构的基础上,提出一种改进的包含周跳的卡尔曼滤波模型.该模型能够削弱差...     

MTI Optimization in a Multiple-Clutter Environment

A means of optimizing a moving target indicator (MTI) filter for rejecting several types of clutter, which are generated by different mechanisms such as by rain or the ground, is formulated. lt is found that the optimal performance of such a filter depends on the spectral density functions, average radar cross sections, and the relative mean Doppler frequencies of each type of clutter. lt is shown that the optimal improvement factor of such a filter is bounded by the weighted average (weighted in accordance with the radar cross sections of the clutter types) of the improvement factor for the individual clutter type. lt is also shown that the improvement factor of such a filter is a function of the relative mean Doppler frequency f0 between the clutter types. As f0 increases, the performance of the MTI system degrades. The worst improvement factor occurs when f0 is equal to half of the radar pulse-repetition frequency (PRF).     

航天飞控软件操作概图开发

航天飞控软件是具有高可靠性要求的软件系统,对其进行可靠性测试是航天飞控任务的基本要求。操作概图是进行软件可靠性测试的基础。由于开发大型软件系统的操作概图比较复杂,使其成为了制约开展软件可靠性测试的主要困难之一。本文以地面航天飞控软件为例,介绍了实时飞控软件操作概图的开发步骤和方法。首先是确定软件系统的操作模式,并确定每个操作模式所运行的相关软件;然后给出了识别每个软件的操作发起者和操作方法;最后对不同类型的操作给出了确定其发生概率的方法。     

涡扇发动机变参数鲁棒H_∞滤波器设计

针对存在建模误差及测量噪声干扰条件下的涡扇发动机性能参数估计问题,标准卡尔曼滤波及其改进算法滤波估计误差收敛速度慢,滤波估计精度低,对不确定测量噪声及建模误差较为敏感,为此本文提出了一种变参数鲁棒H_∞滤波器设计方法。该方法采用仿射参数依赖Lyapunov函数设计满足H_∞性能指标要求的鲁棒滤波器,通过引入凸多胞技术,将参数依赖线性矩阵不等式(Linear Matrix Inequality,LMI)中变参数Lyapunov矩阵与系统系数矩阵之间耦合乘积导致的非凸优化问题,转化为常规LMI约束下的凸优化问题进行求解,降低了线性变参数(Linear Parameter Varying,LPV)鲁棒滤波器设计的保守性,得到了全局解。针对涡扇发动机的仿真结果表明:与扩展卡尔曼滤波器对比,采用该方法设计的滤波器具有较快的动态跟踪速度和较高的滤波精度,ΔFn的稳态估计误差不大于0.1%,ΔFn的相对估计误差不大于2.5%,同时对建模误差和测量噪声干扰具有较强的抑制能力。     

Heading and Speed Errors for x, y Tracking Filters

Heading and speed errors are analytically determined for noneumavering targets at the output of an x, y tracking filter which processes range and bearing measurements from a radar sensor in a track-while-scan (TWS) operation. These errors are shown to depend upon target range and speed, the angle between the radius and velocity vectors, sensor accuracies, and tracking filter parameters. eters. Depending upon the tracking filter implementation, these errors may also be a function of target bearing.