面向微纳卫星应用的激光数传技术

针对遥感微纳卫星对地高速数传需求,开展面向微纳卫星的激光数传技术研究,突破微纳卫星激光通信终端星地快速捕获建链和协同高精度稳定跟踪、天基终端轻小型化、复合光电组件等关键技术。完成微纳卫星的天基激光终端和地面激光终端研制,并开展星地传输试验验证,实现 1 230 km、10/50/100 Mbps 的星地数据传输,验证了相关技术,为后续我国微纳卫星对地遥感应用提供了理想的星地数传手段。     

北斗专列—CZ 3A系列火箭发展回顾和未来展望

CZ-3A系列运载火箭承担了北斗工程,包括北斗一号、北斗二号和北斗三号的全部发射任务,被称为“北斗专列”。在北斗工程历时26年的研制过程中,CZ-3A系列火箭突破了一系列关键技术,使火箭具备了从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到倾斜同步转移轨道(IGTO)、中圆转移轨道(MTO),从一箭一星发射至转移轨道,到一箭双星发射至转移轨道,再到一箭双星直接发射入轨的发射能力,实现了跨越发展。满足了北斗工程的发射任务需求,北斗工程共计44箭、59星,CZ-3A系列火箭发射均获得了圆满成功,成功率达到了100%。     

大容量通信卫星热真空试验方法

文章结合大容量通信卫星的技术特点,系统总结了与之相适应的热真空试验方法改进措施,主要包括组件温度外扩过试验风险识别、红外灯阵加热器及转发器组合控温、星内真空度和污染监测、回温控制等,并对各项措施的实施效果进行了对比分析,以利进一步提高热真空试验水平。这些改进措施已成功应用于多颗大容量通信卫星热真空试验,对其他系列卫星热真空试验具有一定的借鉴意义。     

China's communication satellites and their benefits

This report describes the development and the benefits derived from China's communication satellites. It provides information on the experimental communication satellites and the four operational satellites which have all been put into geostationary orbit, and then the new medium-capacity domestic communication satellite which is scheduled to be launched in 1993. The direct and indirect benefits of the satellites in a variety of fields, such as broadcasting and TV transmission, TV education, long-range telephone and telegraph, data transfer in finance and railway traffic, are described.     

用于遥感卫星数传的新型波导阵列组合天线

从新的设计理念出发，提出一种新型的波导十字阵列组合辐射天线替代了赋形反射面天线，用于低轨遥感卫星的数传系统。文中论述了该天线的设计思路、设计过程，并列出了天线的主要性能。最后还简述了该天线在国内卫星上的应用及我国未来低轨遥感卫星数传天线的发展趋势。该天线已在我国多个卫星上成功应用。这种波导阵列组合天线结构紧凑、尺寸小，具有与国外通用的赋形反射面天线基本类似的性能，可达到星载数传天线的预定要求，而且为星载遥感器及其他载荷留出了更大的对地安装空间。     

中国小卫星全寿命周期故障分布研究

基于航天东方红卫星有限公司已发射的100多颗现代小卫星的在轨故障统计数据,研究发现国内小卫星在轨故障的分布规律呈威布尔分布特点。继而针对CAST968平台和CAST2000平台小卫星的实际在轨故障数据给出在轨故障分布的经验公式,结合国内小卫星正样研制阶段的故障分布研究成果,对小卫星全寿命周期的故障分布规律和特点进行分析和总结,在国内首次给出小卫星全寿命周期的故障概率密度曲线和浴盆曲线。     

Innovation and change? The evolution of Europe's small satellite manufacturers

Since the 1980s a trend has emerged to contain the cost of space missions, which has favored trials in the construction and launch of small satellites. This effort has considerably reduced the cost of the satellites because the construction process uses both traditional components and important technological innovations. There have also been market openings for small satellites, both within the telecommunication sector and for scientific missions and those related to Earth observation. This paper contains the results of a survey of the largest manufacturers of small satellites in Europe and investigates how far (if at all) they have changed the structure of the European space industry. It finds that, through the acquisition of small satellite manufacturers, traditional large companies operating in the field of space in Europe have secured for themselves important technological innovations and market opportunities, while maintaining their oligopolistic position.     

Orbview系列卫星介绍

文章介绍美国轨道成像公司研制并已经发射的Orbview-1和Orbview-2卫星和将要发射的Orbview-3和Orbview-4卫星的特性参数。     

Observations on the evolution of satellite launch volume and cyclicality in the space industry

Satellites have been rightly described as the lifeblood of the entire space industry and the number of satellites ordered or launched per year is an important defining metric of the industry's level of activity, such that trends and variability in this volume have significant strategic impact on the space industry. Over the past 40+ years, hundreds of satellites have been launched every year. Thus an important dataset is available for time series analysis and identification of trends and cycles in the various markets of the space industry. This article reports findings of a study for which we collected data on over 6000 satellites launched since 1960 on a yearly basis. We grouped the satellites into three broad categories – defense and intelligence, science, and commercial satellites – and identified and discussed the main trends and cyclical patterns for each of these. Institutional customers (defense and intelligence, and science) accounted for over two-thirds of all satellites launched within our time period (1960–2008), and, in the 1960s and 1970s, they accounted for 90% and 73.5%, respectively. A fair conclusion from this data is that the space industry was enabled by, and grew because of the institutional customers, not commercial market forces. However, when the launch data is examined more closely, a growing influence of the commercial sector is noticeable. Over the past two decades communication satellites accounted for roughly half of all launches, thus reflecting an important shift in the space industry in which the commercial sector is playing an equal role (on a launch volume basis) to that of the institutional market. Cyclical patterns in the satellite launch volume over the past decade are separately discussed before we sum up with a conclusion.     

GLONASS-M卫星的研究与应用

对GLONASS-M卫星进行多方面的分析与描述,探讨它在原有GNSS接收机上新的应用并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明,GLONASS-M卫星从总体上提升了GLONASS系统的工作性能,包括精度与功能,揭开了卫星导航发展史上新的一页。     

CHEOS Major Special Project Promotes Development of Chinese Commercial Remote Sensing Cameras

High resolution remote sensing data has been applied in many fields such as national security, economic construction and in the daily life of the general public around the world, creating a huge market. Commercial remote sensing cameras have been developed vigorously throughout the world over the last few decades, resulting in resolutions down to 0.31 m. In 2010, the Chinese government approved the implementation of the China High-resolution Earth Observation System(CHEOS) Major Special Project, giving priority to development of high resolution remote sensing satellites. More than half of CHEOS has been constructed to date and 5 satellites operate in orbit. These cameras have different characteristics. A number of innovative technologies have been adopted, which have led to camera performance increasing in leaps and bounds. The products and the production capability enables the remote sensing technical level to increase making it on a par with Europe and the US.     

On the Precession of Saturn

The precession of Saturn under the effect of the gravity of the Sun, Jupiter and planet’s satellites has been investigated. Saturn is considered to be an axisymmetric (A = B) solid body close to the dynamically spherical one. The orbits of Saturn and Jupiter are considered to be Keplerian ellipses in the inertial coordinate system. It has been shown that the entire set of small parameters of the problem can be reduced to two independent parameters. The averaged Hamiltonian function of the problem and the integrals of evolutionary equations are obtained disregarding the effect of satellites. Using the small parameter method, the expressions for the precession frequency and the nutation angle of the planet’s axis of rotation caused by the gravity of the Sun and Jupiter are obtained. Considering the planet with satellites as a whole preceding around the normal to the unmovable plane of Saturn’s orbit, the satellites effect on the Saturn rotation is taken into account via the corrections in the formula for the undisturbed precession frequency. The satellites are shown to have no effect on the nutation angle (in the framework of the accepted model), and the disturbances from Jupiter to make the main contribution to the nutation angle evolution. The effect of Jupiter on the nutation angle and the precession period is described with regard to the attraction of satellites.     

基于自适应软切换的多星座组合导航系统研究

多卫星组合导航系统星座结构复杂、卫星数量多,在某些特定场合、特殊时间内需要快速完成星座和卫星的选取和重组.采用一种快速选星算法和自组织网络相结合的策略,并应用于多卫星导航系统建模和多星座软切换领域,既避开了系统对象建模这一难点,同时又充分利用卫星星座间的相互关联性,极大的发掘多卫星系统本身的潜力.仿真结果表明,快速选星算法和自组织组网技术可以增强整个导航系统的抗干扰性和自愈能力,以牺牲较少的定位精度来有效减少导航运算量,提高导航定位的实时性.     

国外SAR卫星总体技术发展现状及启示

调研了2007年以后国外发射成功或正在研制的6颗典型SAR卫星,针对轨道及重访特性、卫星构形、能源分系统、控制分系统、数传分系统等总体设计技术进行了横向对比分析。根据对比结果总结了国外SAR卫星发展趋势,提出了我国SAR卫星总体技术发展建议。     

小卫星的推进系统

小卫星推进系统可以完成多种功能：变轨、轨道保持、姿态控制、重新定位以及离轨等。先进化学推进系统和低功耗电推进系统是现代小卫星的理想选择。近期可供小卫星应用的推进系统包括高压Ｉｒ／Ｒｅ双组元推力器、电弧推力器、霍尔推力器、脉冲等离子体推力器。业已证明，这些推进系统可以在目前计划中的许多小卫星上发挥其用武之地。本文综述了这一技术领域的最新进展。     

中国民用遥感卫星

中国民用遥感卫星经过 30多年的努力 ,现已建成了气象卫星、地球资源卫星和海洋卫星 3个卫星系列 ,形成中国连续稳定运行的民用卫星系统 ,为国民经济及国防建设提供了大量的空间遥感信息。文章简要论述了中国民用遥感卫星的发展历程、现状和未来的发展设想。     

国内外卫星用液体远地点发动机发展综述

综述了国内外卫星用液体远地点发动机的发展情况,阐述了国外几种典型远地点发动机和国内三代490 N发动机的主要技术特点和技术指标,对比分析了其产品性能并介绍了其产品的考核应用情况。自上世纪90年代以来,国内外在卫星用液体远地点发动机的研制中喷注器性能不断提高,推力室均采用了新型抗高温氧化材料,主要以铼/铱材料和C/SiC...     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.     

通信卫星测控分系统在轨运行综合分析与改进

截至目前,我国已成功研制并发射了数十颗通信卫星,部分卫星已圆满完成其既定的工程任务目标。文章总结了通信卫星测控分系统总体设计的关键性和可靠性等特点,对某通信卫星测控分系统关键单机的工作时间、异常次数等在轨运行数据进行统计,并逐一分析典型异常现象,针对产生异常问题的原因,提出了加强电路设计、调整器件参数、更换能力较强器件等改进方案。此研究结果可为我国后续卫星测控分系统总体可靠性设计提供参考。     

从遥感卫星到卫星遥感——智联遥感系统及关键技术方向

近年来,遥感卫星正在经历系统规模、数据量、应用场景等方面的爆炸式增长。传统遥感卫星设计孤立,使其协同性不足、响应速度慢,难以体系化应用。提出了一种由管理层、感知层、传输层、处理层、信息层、应用层等多层结构组成的智联遥感系统架构,并梳理了基于区块链、人工智能、软件定义、大数据、云计算、物联网、5G等新兴技术的关键技术方向,以突破遥感卫星系统的联合规划、联合响应、联合处理的多元协同能力瓶颈,为实现从遥感卫星至卫星遥感的全链条革新奠定技术基础。