氮化硅高温透波材料的研究现状和展望

从氮化硅的晶体结构出发,介绍了氮化硅陶瓷优良的性能,综述了近年来氮化硅透波纤维和氮化硅基透波复合材料的研究进展,并对现有氮化硅高温透波材料体系存在的问题及其未来的发展趋势作了展望.     

氮化硅短纤维多孔材料制备与性能研究

以氮化硼为烧结助剂,采用抽滤成型方法制备氮化硅短纤维多孔材料。通过氮化硼和氮化硅纤维的氧化过程分析,确定了最佳烧结制度。对不同氮化硼含量材料的微观结构、压缩及介电性能进行了测试分析。结果表明:在1 200℃时,氮化硼氧化增重达20%,氮化硅纤维表面明显氧化;随着氮化硼含量的增加,氮化硅纤维粘结明显,粘结点主要成分为二氧化硅和硼硅酸盐,氮化硅短纤维多孔材料的ε随着密度的增加从1. 36增加到1. 62,tanδ从7. 8×10~(-4)增加到9. 5×10~(-4),材料10%压缩应变下的压缩强度从0. 58 MPa提升到2. 03 MPa。     

氮化硅的氧化机制研究

研究了氮化硅的氧化机制以及被动氧化至主动氧化的转捩温度,并结合试验结果做了分析。结果表明氮化硅在高温下极易炸裂,在被动氧化机制下生成氮气和SiO2薄膜,转捩温度和碳化硅材料基本一致。     

燃气涡轮陶瓷零件的研究开发

俄罗斯中央航空发动机研究院的学者发表了小型航空燃气涡轮发动机耐热材料的研究过程和结果报告,他们开发了高温（耐２２００℃）陶瓷的涡轮叶片、燃烧室和轴承。叶片材料使用氮化硅和碳化硅,并以一级叶片为无冷却,提高效率２％,对燕尾进行振动疲劳和裂纹扩展的有限元分析。在燃烧室火焰筒的高温耐压试验中,由氮化硅制造的叶片未被破坏,而碳化硅制造的叶片被破坏了。开发的转子轴承的滚珠及座圈由氮化硅陶瓷制造,保持架系用碳制造,减少了冷却润滑燃气涡轮陶瓷零件的研究开发@陈敬之     

真空中多孔氮化硅的高温弯曲强度

研究了高温真空环境下多孔(气孔率>50%)氯化硅陶瓷的弯曲强度,并进行了初步分析.结果表明,多孔氮化硅陶瓷在真空中的高温强度随温度上升而降低,由于没有氧化作用,晶界玻璃相在高温下的软化成为影响其强度的主要因素.     

聚铝硅氮烷的合成、纺丝及陶瓷化性能研究

以不同比例的聚硅氮烷液态低聚物和乙酰丙酮铝［0.1%~1%（w）］为原料,通过热聚合反应制备了一系列聚铝硅氮烷（PASZ）先驱体。PASZ经熔融纺丝、空气预氧化处理和高温裂解后得到连续SiAlCN（O）纤维。采用FT-IR、GPC、SEM、XRD和金相显微镜等测试手段对PASZ和SiAlCN（O）纤维进行了分析表征。结果表明：PASZ的重均分子量Mw为7 191~11 275 g/mol,乙酰丙酮铝质量分数为0.2%制备的PASZ在熔融状态下表现为剪切变稀,纺丝性良好,可实现长达3 km的连续纺丝。SiAlCN（O）纤维为非晶型的含铝氮化硅纤维,直径为20~70 μm,较脆;纤维表面光滑,无裂纹、沟槽等明显缺陷。     

正在研制中的氮化硅/碳化硅纤维增强剂

石墨纤维的应用开创了复合材料技的新纪元。但目前正在研制混合的氮化硅/碳化硅(Si_x N_y C_z)纤维作为另一种新型增强剂,此种纤维可用预处理和热解有机硅聚合物纤维得到,其工艺跟聚丙烯腈或其它有机纤维制成石墨纤维工艺相似。虽然在实验室里用聚碳硅烷和聚碳硅氨烷制得的这种无     

涂层对3D SiO2/Si3N4复合材料力学性能的影响

采用有机先驱体真空浸渍裂解法制备了三向石英纤维编织体/涂层/氮化硅复合材料.采用SEM、电子拉伸试验等测试手段研究了涂层对3D SiO2/Si3N4复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:保护涂层可明显改善纤维与氮化硅的界面结合性能,使复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂韧性得到显著提高,拉伸强度从无保护涂层的5.1 MPa提高到有涂层的120 MPa;裂纹扩展和断口分析表明,复合材料的强韧化机理为纤维的拔出、脱粘和诱导裂纹偏转.     

氮化硅车刀加工难加工材料

我们在教学、科研中,常碰到钛合金材料的热成形和超塑成形问题。这两种情况下均需采用耐高温(700～900℃)材料模具,如K_3、K_5、耐热钢和中硅钼耐热球墨铸铁模具等。但这些材料高温硬度高、韧性大,用普通硬质合金刀具加工时易粘刀,易产生切屑瘤,刀刃磨损也很快。因此,我们选用了上海电器陶瓷厂生产的HP热压氮化硅材料制刀具。近两年来的实践表明:氮化硅是一种适于加工难加工材料的优良刀具材质,值得广泛推广。一、氮化硅刀具材料氮化硅是一种利用自然界中的氮(N)和硅     

热处理及浆料对Nextel 720纤维强度及其分布的影响

采用两参数Weibull分布,对Nextel 720纤维强度及其分布进行了研究,并采用Kolmogorov非参数检验对其分布进行了检验.采用液相浸渍(硅溶胶、石英浆料和氮化硅浆料)对Nextel 720纤维进行处理,研究其对Nextel 720纤维强度的影响.结果表明,可用两参数Weibull分布表征纤维束强度分布.热处理使纤维强度急剧下降,且强度分散性变大.上浆后800℃处理,纤维束强度较高,Weibull模数高于原始纤维束;1000℃处理后,温度对纤维束的损伤严重,强度较低,但比不上浆相同温度处理纤维束强度高,分散性小.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.