大曲率弯道和叶栅内的湍流数值模拟

本文在贴体曲线坐标系下应用非交错网格技术，发展了适于求解复杂流动的压力修正算法，采用速度的协变物理分量为动量方程的求解变量，推导得出一个适于任何曲线坐标系下控制单元体界面流通量的插值模式，可以有效地抑制不合理的波动压力场，计算表明，算法稳定收敛，计算值与试验值吻合良好，同时能预示通道内复杂的流动现象。     

激光焊接过程的流体动力学研究

建立了描述小孔传热的激光深熔焊过程组合体热源模型,使用计算流体力学的控制容积法将控制方程进行离散处理后,采用SIMPLE算法求解了质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程组,模拟了激光焊接小孔的形状和尺寸以及焊接熔池的流动速度分布.结果显示,焊接小孔的稳定性随着焊接速度的增加而降低,熔池流动速度受Marangoni驱动力的直接影响,模拟焊缝形状和尺寸与实际焊缝吻合良好.     

应用混合网格分析复杂积冰翼型气动性能

通过发展一种点-点对接的结构/非结构混合网格生成方法,避免了复杂积冰外形难以划分结构化网格的问题,并对复杂积冰翼型的气动性能进行了分析计算.在靠近积冰边界的内层采用了非结构网格以拟合复杂的边界,在非结构网格外采用结构化网格以节省存储空间和计算时间.为了检验网格对选用湍流模型的影响,整个流动区域分别采用SST和SA湍流模型,求解了雷诺平均N-S方程.数值计算结果表明SST模型更适于模拟复杂分离流动,积冰对翼型的气动性能造成了严重的影响.     

透平进气阀箱的数值模拟

用数值方法模拟了透平进气阀箱的内部流动。为了改善计算的收敛性和提高计算精度,程序采用了ＳＩＭＰＬＥＳＴ迭代求解方法,并引入ｋ－ε湍流模型、壁面函数法和空度的概念进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,本文的方法能够较好的模拟进气阀箱内部复杂的流动,并与已有的一些实验结果吻合良好。     

间断Galerkin方法计算叶型转捩流动

使用间断Galerkin方法研究叶型转捩流动,进行了大涡模拟(LES)和转捩模型的求解,对T106低压透平和Zierke-Deutsch压气机叶栅内的流动进行了计算.通过T106低压透平的计算对LES和转捩模型进行了比较,结果表明两种方法得到的压力分布和分离泡位置均与实验值吻合良好.LES得到的分离泡的轴向位置为0.145~0.165m,转捩模型得到的分离泡的轴向位置为0.150~0.156m.LES可以再现复杂的瞬时流动细节,对于深入研究流动机理很有意义,而转捩模型尽管无法获得足够的流动细节,但是也能预测边界层的分离和转捩现象,并且结果与LES时均结果相差不大,对于工程应用很有价值.使用转捩模型计算Zierke-Deutsch压气机叶栅内的流动也获得了与实验值符合的结果.      

分流叶片位置对高转速离心压气机性能的影响

运用三维粘性流动数值计算程序FineTM/Turbo对叶顶间隙泄漏存在时带分流叶片的高转速离心压气机模型级内部流动进行了数值模拟,重点分析了分流叶片不同起始位置及不同周向位置对压气机级内三维粘性流场及整级性能的影响.计算中采用Jameson的中心差分格式结合Baldwin-Lomax代数模型使用时间推进法求解雷诺平均N-S方程,计算模拟了模型级内部复杂的三维粘性流动过程及气体参数分布的详细结构和规律.计算结果表明:采用分流叶片在进口段会减少叶片阻塞,从而使更高的质量流量可以流经叶轮;分流叶片起始位置位于Ⅲ时,两个通道叶轮出口处速度分布最均匀;分流叶片越短,长叶片压力面无量纲静压载荷越大.当分流叶片长度达到某一数值后,长叶片载荷变化趋于平缓.分流叶片位于不同周向位置时,IBSA叶轮的模型级效率最高,压气机性能最好.     

旋流流动对水冲压发动机性能影响

基于某药柱式水冲压发动机,建立粉末式水冲压发动机模型.利用Fluent软件模拟研究旋流流动对水冲压发动机流动与燃烧反应性能的影响.选择k ε双方程模型作为湍流模型,有限速率/涡耗散模型作为燃烧模型,基于密度隐式耦合求解进行计算.结果表明:添加旋流叶片并增大旋流角度,燃烧室最高燃烧温度、平均燃烧温度、出口速度和比冲均增大.研究证明添加旋流叶片对水冲压发动机流动与燃烧反应性能有很大改进,且旋流角度越大,效果越明显.      

再生冷却推力室耦合传热数值模拟

对大推力液体火箭发动机再生冷却推力室内部燃气、室壁和再生冷却剂进行了耦合传热数值计算.采用二维轴对称N-S方程描述推力室内部燃气的湍流流动与传热,对冷却剂流动采用简化的一维模型,通过室壁的偶合传热采用一维传热模型.N-S方程的求解采用贴体坐标系下的有限容积法,速度和压强的耦合采用可压缩的SIMPLE算法.湍流的模拟采用可压缩的标准κ-ε模型,辐射传热采用热流模型计算.研究表明,本文方法可较好地模拟燃气的二维流动,同时能快速计算壁面热流密度、壁温和冷却套温升,计算结果对大推力发动机推力室的设计具有一定的指导意义.     

多层速度格子Boltzmann方法进展及展望

格子Boltzmann方法（LBM）自20世纪90年代问世以来,由于计算高效、实施简捷,在多种复杂流动的数值模拟中得到了广泛应用。传统以平衡态分布函数泰勒展开结合半经验理论推导出的LBM模型需要使用低马赫数假设,一度被认为只能适用于等温弱可压流动的计算。近年来将LBM拓展到可压缩和热流计算的模型日益增多,其中在每个离散速度方向有多个速度模态的多层速度模型,因只使用单一分布函数,物理描述上更接近事实而受到了广泛关注。我们简述了几类典型的多层速度模型的构造思路,包括早期的多层速度模型、Watari-Tsutahara模型、比热比可变多层速度模型和Hermite多项式模型。由于Hermite多项式展开法构造的多层速度模型在数学解释上较为自洽,且其低阶形态与传统等温弱可压LBM模型一致,我们着重梳理和归纳了Hermite多项式模型的构造原理与离散速度模型的求解过程,以及时间和空间离散方法。最后对LBM与传统计算流体力学方法的结合进行了简要介绍,例如LBM有限差分、LBM有限体积和LBM有限元方法,并对LBM多层速度模型目前存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了总结。     

基于混合RANS/LES方法与FW-H方程的气动声学计算研究

在气动噪声的数值计算过程中,非定常流动的求解精度对声学计算结果有着重要的影响.以机体噪声计算的标准算例双圆柱绕流气动噪声问题为研究对象,采用基于非线性k-ε湍流模型的限制数值尺度(LNS)方法对双圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟,将计算得到的气动特性和流动特征与相应的试验结果进行了对比分析.为了求解远场观测点处的气动噪声,在精确求解双圆柱绕流流动的基础上结合基于FW-H(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings)方程的声类比方法进行数值计算,并通过圆柱体的展向相关性对计算结果进行了修正,将得到的最终结果与相应的声学试验结果进行了对比,两者吻合良好,表明该数值方法是准确、可靠的.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.