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高空长航时无人机高精度自主定位方法 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对传统基于轨道动力学模型及非线性滤波进行间接敏感地平天文导航定位方法在实际应用中的局限性,提出了一种适用于高空长航时无人机自主导航定位的快速间接敏感地平天文解析定位新方法。分析了星光折射视高度天文量测的机理,导出天文三维定位的解析表达式,详细阐述了利用最小二乘微分校正法代替非线性滤波的天文定位方法,通过直接求解非线性量测方程组即可得到飞行器的精确位置信息,并对这种定位方法的定位精度进行了理论分析。该天文定位方法利用了星光折射间接敏感地平精度高的特点,又不需要飞行器动力学模型也不需要任何先验知识,算法简单可靠,计算量小,而定位精度与传统方法相当。最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了这种天文定位方法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对舰载机惯导系统非线性传递对准问题中误差模型不完善的问题,同时考虑了挠曲运动和动态杆臂的影响,提出了一种新的适用于大方位失准角情形下的挠曲变形和杆臂效应加速度一体化误差模型。采用高阶容积卡尔曼滤波(HCKF)算法对状态进行滤波估计,考虑到HCKF具有较大的计算量,分析了传递对准模型的状态方程与量测方程结构,设计了一种基于边缘采样的简化高阶容积卡尔曼滤波(M-RHCKF)算法,其在时间更新中使用边缘采样算法,在量测更新过程中使用简化量测更新过程,并给出了该算法的证明过程。采用"速度+姿态"组合匹配方式,对提出的误差模型进行仿真实验。结果表明,该模型可以满足对准精度和对准时间的要求,相比于未考虑动态杆臂的传递对准模型具有更高的对准精度。 相似文献
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飞机着陆时的容错导航 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了飞机在微波着陆环境中的传感器容错系统。该系统的主要目的是检测辅助导航设备和机载传感器的故障,并在这些传感器可能发生故障时提供可靠的飞机状态估计值。自动导航和控制系统利用这些状态估计控制和引导飞机按预定路线降落。 相似文献
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航空用磁致伸缩油量传感器的研究与设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
飞机油箱剩余油量的精确测量是项很复杂的工作。它涉及到液位测量,飞行姿态误差修正,气压和温度引起的燃油密度的变化对测量影响的修正,油箱形状和结构的不规则带来的高度一体积一质量关系的非线性等诸多因素。本文着重介绍了将磁致伸缩传感技术应用到油量测量中重要的环节——液位测量中的原理及传感器结构,应用该方法可使液位测量的精度得到很大提高,为后续误差修正和数据处理打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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为消除常规利用正侧视SAR图像辅助导航信息对惯性误差进行修正时的滞后影响,结合前斜视SAR成像工作特性,本文分析提出了新的准实时性组合导航滤波方案和算法,以解决SAR/INS组合导航系统中的量测滞后影响;本文分析了前斜视SAR成像辅助导航系统工作特点,分析了SAR量测输出模型;建立了准实时性前斜视INS/SAR组合导航滤波算法模型,并通过仿真分析了组合导航系统性能。仿真结果表明:采用所提出的惯性/SAR组合方案和算法,可以有效克服成规正侧视SAR辅助匹配输出滞后的影响,有效满足组合系统性能要求。 相似文献
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Kaminer I. Wei Kang Yakimenko O. Pascoal A. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(1):158-172
The problem of navigation system design for autonomous aircraft landing is addressed. New nonlinear filter structures are introduced to estimate the position and velocity of an aircraft with respect to a possibly moving landing site, such as a naval vessel, based on measurements provided by airborne vision and inertial sensors. By exploring the geometry of the navigation problem, the navigation filter dynamics are cast in the framework of linear parametrically varying systems (LPVs). Using this set-up, filter performance and stability are studied in an H∞ setting by resorting to the theory of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The design of nonlinear, regionally stable filters to meet adequate H∞ performance measures is thus converted into that of determining the feasibility of a related set of LMIs and finding a solution to them, if it exists. This is done by using-widely available numerical tools that borrow from convex optimization techniques. The mathematical framework that is required for integrated vision/inertial navigation system design is developed and a design example for an air vehicle landing on an aircraft carrier is detailed 相似文献
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北斗导航系统完好性是指北斗导航系统不能用于导航服务或导航精度超出给定范围时,具备及时发现故障并通知用户的能力.针对北斗导航完好性检测问题,为改善北斗导航定位系统的精度、连续性、完好性和可用性,研究了基于惯性辅助的北斗导航故障检测方法,设计了北斗导航系统的量测修正与故障检测实现方案,构建了基于新息正交性的自适应滤波北斗/SINS紧组合导航架构,根据滑动窗口内新息动态变化特性修正系统量测噪声方差,在北斗导航信号受到较大干扰、发生异常的情况下,对品质较差的卫星测量信号进行识别,并对检测超出一定阈值的突变卫星信号实现故障隔离,从而提高系统适应能力,增强北斗/SINS紧组合导航系统容错性.构建了北斗/SINS组合导航系统仿真验证模型,结果表明,基于惯性辅助的北斗导航方法能够有效检测出卫星信号故障,提高了系统的适应性和定位精度. 相似文献
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Jiyun Lee Sam Pullen Per Enge 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2006,42(2):625-635
The local area augmentation system (LAAS) is a ground-based differential GPS system being developed to support aircraft precision approach and landing navigation with guaranteed integrity. To quantitatively appraise navigation integrity, an aircraft computes vertical and lateral protection levels using the standard deviation of pseudo-range correction errors, /spl sigma//sub pr/spl I.bar/gnd/, broadcast by the LAAS ground facility (LGF). Thus, one significant integrity risk is that the true standard deviation (sigma) of the pseudo-range correction error distribution may grow to exceed the broadcast correction error sigma or that the true mean of the correction error distribution becomes excessive during LAAS operation. This event may occur due to unexpected anomalies of GPS measurements. To insure that the true error distribution is bounded by a zero-mean Gaussian distribution with the broadcast sigma value, real-time sigma and mean monitoring is necessary. Both direct estimation and cumulative sum (CUSUM) methods are useful to detect violations with acceptable residual integrity risk. For sigma monitoring, the estimation method more rapidly detects small violations of /spl sigma//sub pr/spl I.bar/gnd/ but the fast initial response (FIR) CUSUM variant more promptly detects significant violations that would pose a larger threat to user integrity. For the purposes of mean monitoring, the FIR CUSUM variant is superior to the estimation method in detecting any mean violations. The results demonstrate that real-time protection is achievable against all sizes of sigma/mean failures that can threaten navigation integrity. 相似文献
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受地效影响飞机起飞着陆运动模型的参数辨识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用基于最小模型误差法和线性不连续跳跃多重打靶法建立的非线性辨识法,辨识了飞机起飞着陆过程的非线性动态模型。对于包含复杂非线性项的动态系统,本方法可以从实际试验测量的系统非线性数据,确定飞机处于地面效应影响运动过程的系统模型,而不需要预先详细描述系统的非线性形式。算例表明该方法对于原始近似动态系统的状态估计是足够精确的。 相似文献
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在飞机编队飞行时,成员间的相对位置信息是实现系统协同作战的重要保证,为了提高机群编队飞行的相对导航定位精度,在无地面基准的机群编队飞行JTIDS/GPS/TACAN/IFDL组合的相对导航系统中,采用交互式多模型扩展卡尔曼滤波(IMM-EKF)算法,设计实现了多传感器相对导航系统,克服了飞机动态模型参数变化导致使用单一动态模型滤波精度下降的问题。仿真分析结果表明,交互式多模型算法可以提高相对导航系统的定位精度和可靠性,特别在GPS可见卫星很少的情况下,依然能够具有良好的定位性能。 相似文献
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Blinn John C. Campbell James P. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1966,(5):585-590
This paper discusses the results of an analytic study of the feasibility of using microwave radiometry as a technique for navigation data sensing in Army aircraft. The study included a review of Army aircraft characteristics and navigation requirements. Various means of sensing passively aircraft velocity, altitude, and velocity-altitude ratio were considered. While there appears to be no practical method for direct measurement of either velocity or altitude separately, it does appear possible to measure velocity-altitude ratio by comparing radiometric signals received from the terrain along the aircraft ground track. When combined with a radar altimeter, such a sensor could yield navigation data compatible with Army aircraft requirements. Microwave radiometry may also be the basis for direction sensing (to known landmarks) in high-flying aircraft or satellites. 相似文献
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A current problem in aircraft navigation is determining how to effect alow cost navigation system consistent with required mission operationswhich will render a high degree of accuracy and reliability. One wayto achieve this is through optimum integration of equipment,subsystems, and computer mechanizations. Consistent with this approach,the overall objectives of this paper are to show the advantages of anoptimally integrated aircraft navigation system, and to illustrate howto effect a low cost navigation system with high accuracy performance.An integrated aircraft navigation system employing a Kalman optimumestimation filter is configured and analyzed in detail. The results ofthe analysis clearly indicate how to achieve high accuracy performanceusing low cost subsystems; namely, via optimum systems integration. 相似文献
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当前,主要通过采用惯导/卫星导航组合或者惯导/里程计组合的方式来实现
车辆的定位定向;卫星信号良好时,惯导系统与卫星导航组合实现车辆定位定向,当卫
星导航信号不好甚至没有信号无法正常工作时,惯导系统与里程计组合实现车辆定位定
向。提出一种惯导/卫星导航/里程计三者的一体化组合方案,针对惯导、北斗、里程计
这三项测量设备构成的组合系统建立了统一的误差状态模型、组合量测模型以及反馈修
正模型,并通过卡尔曼滤波器来实现三者的一体化紧组合,这种惯导/北斗/里程计一体
化的紧组合方式,能更好地实现三者信号之间的充分交流与融合。将这种一体化紧组合
方法与传统的惯导/北斗组合、惯导/里程计组合方法进行了仿真比较,结果表明:惯导/
北斗/里程计一体化的紧组合方法能更加快速、准确得到传感器误差( 包含惯组误差、
北斗误差、里程计误差)的在线估计,更能有效提高各传感器的测量精度。 相似文献
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为解决舰载机惯导系统在大方位失准角条件下的初始对准问题,建立舰载机惯导系统传递对准误差模型。该模型通过载舰坐标系与舰载机标称坐标系之间方向余弦矩阵,将载舰坐标系与实际舰载机坐标系之间的大方位失准角问题.转化为舰载机标称坐标系与实际舰载机坐标系间的小方位失准角问题,建立了舰载机传递对准的线性化数学模型,并采用“速度”匹配法建立了传递对准滤波器模型,利用轨迹发生器对模型进行仿真验证。 相似文献