空间电源系统关键技术分析

介绍了空间电源系统的功能及组成结构。在大功率、高可靠性航天器发展应用背景下,从三个方面分析了空间电源系统设计的关键技术。跟踪国际最前沿的空间电源技术动态,指出空间电源系统的发展方向,并详细分析了功率控制模块电路,对后续电源系统的优化设计工作具有参考意义。     

Series of radiation-hardened, high efficiency converters for high voltage bus

A review of common switching techniques for dc/dc power conversion is presented. The evolution of the forward converter is discussed, leading naturally to the introduction of the double forward converter. Technical details for a series of radiation-hardened converters are then provided. This series was designed for space power management and distribution (PMAD) applications. The successful development of the PMAD converter demonstrated the viability of high voltage bus.     

单恒流源电流频率转换技术研究

本文设计了一种单恒流源电流频率转换电路,使电路的功耗减小一半,更加小型化,并且具有更好的对称性和精度.提出并从原理上论证了这种单恒流源I/F技术的理论依据,设计出相应的硬件电路,验证其原理的正确性和工程上的可行性.为单恒流源I/F技术的研发,拓展了思路,奠定了基础.     

基于UCC2810多路输出DC/DC模块的设计

介绍了双路输出、双路闭环控制脉宽调制器UCC2810的功能和电路设计、功率转换电路设计。与单路闭环控制或间接稳压方案相比较,采用UCC2810设计的双路输出DC/DC模块,从根本上消除了交叉调整率的影响,适用于负载不平衡的应用。具有功耗低、电路设计一致性好等优点。     

A design procedure for the phase-controlled parallel-loadedresonant inverter

High-frequency-link power conversion and distribution based on a resonant inverter has been recently proposed. The design of several topologies is reviewed and a simple approximate design procedure is developed for the phase-controlled parallel-loaded resonant inverter. This design procedure seeks to ensure the expected benefits of resonant conversion and is verified by data from a laboratory 2.5 kVA, 20-kHz converter. A simple phasor analysis is introduced as a useful approximation for design purposes. Experimental results show that under transient conditions such as load short-circuit, a reversal of the expected commutation sequence is possible. This should be accounted for in the design of the power circuit, or prevented by the design of the controller     

一种小型高功率密度伺服驱动模块设计

针对新一代工业数控系统对交流伺服驱动控制系统提出的小型化、高功率密度的迫切需求,提出一种新型功率伺服驱动模块。该模块集栅极驱动、功率变换、信号传感、电路保护等多功能于一体。重点研究了功率开关器件MOSFET的驱动电路和过压、过流及过温保护电路,详细说明了各保护电路结构及参数的优化计算方法。试验结果表明:该伺服驱动模块具有体积小、驱动能力强、功率密度高、功耗低和可靠性高等优点。     

Impact Potential of New Power Electronic Technologies

New technological advances in the area of power electronics are having an increasing impact on the design of aerospace control systems. These next generation power components promise improved system performance through increased electronic efficiencies. Applying state-of-the-art packaging concepts as an integral part of the system design will allow these devices to be utilized in a space efficient and reliable manner. The first portion of this paper looks at two such next generation components. The first is a High Voltage Integrated Circuit (HVIC) that provides a bridge between the low voltage controller logic and the high voltage motor winding invertor. This device achieves size reduction and an increase in reliability through integration of low and high voltage logic networks on a single integrated circuit. The second is the Insulated Gate Transistor (IGT). This device provides a high voltage switch with MOS-like drive characteristics. The present and future expectations of these power devices are discussed. This paper then looks at new packaging techniques for power devices. The impact of parasitic circuit effects have significant impact on power circuit performance. Finally, this paper looks at an example control application. The design is that of a permanent magnet motor driven actuator. The drive motor uses 270 vdc for supply voltage. Within the intelligent system controller, is the capability to control the current demands of the motor. The new power electronics devices are making the design feasible in both thermal and volume efficiency. This topic includes projected controller sizing into the 1990s.     

Thermionic/AMTEC cascade converter concept for high-efficiencyspace power

This paper presents trade studies that address the use of the thermionic/AMTEC cell-a cascaded, high efficiency, static power conversion concept that appears well-suited to space power applications. Both the thermionic and AMTEC power conversion approaches have been shown to be promising candidates for space power. Thermionics offers system compactness via modest efficiency at high heat rejection temperatures, and AMTEC offers high efficiency at modest heat rejection temperature. From a thermal viewpoint, the two are ideally suited for cascaded power conversion: thermionic heat rejection and AMTEC heat source temperatures are essentially the same. In addition to realizing conversion efficiencies potentially as high as 35-40% such a cascade offers the following perceived benefits: Survivability-capable of operation in the Van Allen belts; Simplicity-static conversion, no moving parts; Long lifetime-no inherent life-limiting mechanisms identified; Technology readiness-Large thermionic database; AMTEC efficiencies of 18% currently being demonstrated, with more growth potential available; and Technology growth-applicable to both solar thermal and reactor-based nuclear space power systems. Mechanical approaches and thermal/electric matching criteria for integrating thermionics and AMTEC into a single conversion device are described. Focusing primarily on solar thermal space power applications, parametric trends are presented to show the performance and cost potential that should be achievable with present-day technology in cascaded thermionic/AMTEC systems     

Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach to Modeling Switching DC-DC Converters

A new current injected equivalent circuit approach (CIECA) to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages is developed, which starts with the current injected approach and results in either a set of equations which completely describe input and out-put properties or an equivalent linear circuit model valid at small signal, low frequency levels. This approach to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages has the merits but not the demerits of both the electronic equivalent circuit state space average approach and the current injected control type approach, namely, 1) the modeling is very clear and is simple whether the converter operates in continuous or discontinuous inductor conduction modes, 2) the modeling results in an equivalent circuit which is very close to the actual converter, and 3) the equivalent circuit can be used directly in the computer for theoretical predictions like SPICE, etc.     

Assessment of safety in space power wiring systems

Wiring system failures have resulted from arc propagation in the wiring harnesses of many aircraft and space vehicles. These failures occur when the insulation becomes conductive upon the initiation of an arc. In some cases, the conductive path of the carbon arc track displays a high enough resistance such that the current is limited, and therefore may be difficult to detect using conventional circuit protection. Often, such wiring failures are not simply the result of insulation failure but are due to a combination of wiring system factors. Inadequate circuit protection, unreliable system designs, and careless maintenance procedures can contribute to a wiring system failure. This paper approaches the problem with respect to the overall wiring system, in order to determine what steps can be taken to improve the reliability, maintainability, and safety of space power systems. Power system technologies, system designs, and maintenance procedures which have contributed to past wiring system failures are discussed. New technologies, design processes, and management techniques which may lead to improved wiring system safety are introduced     

音响功放开关电源输出功率检测电路的设计与实现

为了使开关电源很好地应用于音响功放,设计了一种开关电源输出功率检测电路,给出了电路的原理和具体实现方法.经测试证明该电路具有检测准确、动态性能良好的特点.     

一种小功率逆变电源的设计及实现

介绍了一种小功率逆变电源电路的实现方法。对逆变主电路、电压控制电路、驱动电路、SCOTT电路进行了研究。该逆变电源具有工作可靠、波形失真小的特点。     

ADC1210型12位A/D转换器的应用开发

 一、引言 ADC1210是美国National Semiconductor公司生产的一种低功耗、中速、低价格的12位二进制码（原码、或反码、或偏置码）逐次逼近式A/D转换器。该器件采用CMOS工艺和薄膜工艺相结合的微电子技术制成。器件中包含了R-2R梯形薄膜电阻网络、CMOS模拟开关和逐次逼近逻辑电路、以及场效应管电压比较器等有关电路。其基本技术指标为分辨     

高分辨率模数转换电路的设计及误差分析

随着惯性技术的发展,传统的电流频率(I/F）转换电路已经不能满足惯性系统的需要。在传统的I/F转换电路的基础上结合A/D采样芯片,用来对积分器残余电荷进行采样,以得到一种高分辨率模数(I/F+A/D）转换电路。介绍了转换电路的工作原理,分析了电路的原理性误差。经仿真分析及实验验证,与传统的I/F转换电路相比,该电路具有更高的满度输出频率、更大的标度因数以及更好的线性度。输入小信号对电路进行测试,测试结果表明该电路对小信号更加灵敏,具有更高的分辨率。     

Parametric cost model for solar space power and DIPS systems

A detailed cost model has been developed to parametrically determine the program development and production cost of photovoltaic, solar dynamic, and dynamic isotope (DIPS) space power systems. The model is applicable in the net electrical power range of 3 to 300 kWe for solar power and 0.5 to 10 kWe for DIPS. Application of the cost model allows spacecraft or space-based power system architecture and design trade studies or budgetary forecasting and cost benefit analyses. The cost model considers all major power subsystems (i.e., power generation, power conversion, energy storage, thermal management, and power management/distribution/control). It also considers system cost effects such as integration, testing, and management. The cost breakdown structure, model assumptions, ground rules, bases, cost estimation relationship format, and rationale are presented, and the application of the cost model to 100-kWe solar space power plants and to a 1.0-kWe DIPS is demonstrated     

Applications of Brayton cycle technology to space power

The Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) power conversion cycle can be used with a wide range of heat sources for space power applications. These heat sources include solar concentrator, radioisotope, and reactor. With a solar concentrator, a solar dynamic ground demonstration test using existing Brayton components is being assembled for testing at NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC). This 2-kWe system has a turbine inlet temperature of 1015 K and is a complete end-to-end simulation of the Space Station Freedom solar dynamic design. With a radioisotope heat source, a 1-kWe Dynamic Isotope Power System (DIPS) is under development using an existing turboalternator compressor (TAC) for testing at the same NASA-LeRC facility. This DIPS unit is being developed as a replacement to Radioisotopic Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) to conserve the Pu-238 supply for interplanetary exploration. With a reactor heat source, many studies have been performed coupling the SP-100 reactor with a Brayton power conversion cycle. Applications for this reactor/CBC system include global communications satellites and electric propulsion for interplanetary exploration. applications. The CBC consists of a heater, turboalternator compressor (TAC), cooler, and recuperator. A mixture of He and Xe is used as the working fluid in the CBC system. The He provides superior heat transfer characteristics in the heater, cooler, and recuperator. The Xe adjusts the molecular weight to provide superior aerodynamic performance for maximized turbine and compressor efficiency. Cycle studies are performed to select the optimum He/Xe molecular weight or He to Xe mixture ratio. The following presents the characteristics and advantages of using the CBC for space power applications, CBC development status, characteristics and applications of the CBC with each of the heat sources, and finally performance projections     

AMTEC cells challenge energy converters

Sodium-base alkali-metal-thermal-to-electric conversion (AMTEC) cells have been receiving attention. Recently they were selected for the next generation deep-space missions, which need a converter that makes electricity from radioisotope heat. The AMTEC cell, being an electrochemical converter of heat to electricity, has no moving parts and is not limited to Carnot-cycle efficiency. However, its heat source and sink have to be near each other, so the challenge in AMTEC design is to minimize thermal losses and maximize electricity production. This required clever thermal designs. By 1991, high-temperature materials and computer modeling became available. The important AMTEC application was generating power from radioisotope heat in deep space missions. These spacecraft power needs had previously been supplied by inefficient thermoelectric converters     

逆变电源输出交流电压分段式前馈控制方法研究

为解决水泵三相AC 660 V电机在DC 750~1 250 V下的供电及起动问题,通过开展电机驱动系统设计研究,形成了以两电平主电路结构、电压空间矢量脉冲宽度调制技术和电压/频率恒定控制策略为基础的水泵电机逆变变频控制方案。在方案中针对较宽输入直流电压范围下的输出交流电压控制技术进行了攻关并取得了突破,形成了相应关键技术解决方案。通过水泵负载试验,全面验证了该方案的有效性和可行性。     

Space power systems requirements and issues: the next decade

Some of the more important space power technology issues, requirements, and challenges of the 1990s are described, and the impact of new component technology on the overall performance of space power systems is assessed. Advanced component, subsystem and system technologies that will significantly affect the performance, reliability, and survivability of next-generation baseload and burst mode space power systems are emphasized. Technology disciplines related to power sources (solar/nuclear and chemical), power conversion, energy storage, power conditioning/distribution and control, and waste-heat acquisition, transport, and rejection are primarily addressed. For some of them, performance trends that can be used as the basis for projecting future advanced power-system performance are developed. Performance capabilities for several different types of space power system for both baseload and burst mode applications are postulated on the basis of evolving technology and point designs that incorporate projections of advanced component capabilities     

基于硬件优先级队列的FC实时交换机的研究

实时交换机可为用户提供微秒级硬实时通信性能,在航空航天领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文提出采用硬件优先级队列来实现FC实时交换机,以支持航电统一网络的硬实时通信。标准的FC协议采用虚电路方式支持实时通信。相对于虚电路方式实现的实时通信,本文设计的FC实时交换机具有实时通信延迟小、系统吞吐量高等优点。