无人驾驶飞机飞行控制新技术

分析了国外无人机飞行控制系统的发展现状和趋势,提出了无人机控制系统的发展方向为自主控制,以及其中的两个关键技术:个体层面上的故障诊断与自修复飞行控制和集群层面上的多机协同技术.并对实现这两种飞行控制系统所要研究的具体技术进行了阐述,为新一代飞控系统设计提供了参考.     

Optimal Preview Control for Automatic Carrier Landing System of Carrier-Based Aircraft with Air Wake

Carrier-based aircraft carrier landing is a special kind of tracking control problem and not suitable for classical control methods,which may miss the desired performance or result in overdesign.Therefore,we present an optimal preview control for automatic carrier landing system(ACLS)by using state information of system,as well as future reference information,which can avoid the shortcomings of classical control methods.Since the flight performance of carrier-based aircraft is disturbed by air wake when the aircraft flies near the area of carrier stern,we design a disturbance rejection strategy to ensure that aircraft track the glide path with high precision and robustness.Further,carrier-based aircraft is a complex nonlinear system.However,the nonlinear model of carrier-based aircraft can be linearized at equilibrium landing state and decoupled into the longitudinal model and the lateral model.Therefore,an optimal preview control system is designed.The simulation results of a carrier-based aircraft show that the optimal preview control system can effectively suppress air wake.Tracking accuracy of optimal preview controller is higher than that of the proportional integral differential(PID)control system.     

基于经验直觉的无人机威胁规避机动决策方法

针对无人机飞行过程中遇到威胁需要及时安全规避的问题,本文提出一种基于经验直觉的无人机机动规避决策算法.首先将无人机威胁安全规避机动过程中所获取的态势信息,按照规避机动区域进行结构化处理并标注相应的机动决策标签,建立基于数据的无人机情景决策知识库.其次,利用无人机情景决策知识库中的数据训练长短时记忆网络以实现情景与机动决...     

Carrier Landing Robust Control Based on Longitudinal Decoupling

We studied carrier landing robust control based on longitudinal decoupling.Firstly,due to the relative strong coupling between the tangential and the normal directions,the height and the velocity channels were decoupled by using the exact linearization method,so that controllers for the two channels could be designed seperately.In the height control,recursive dynamic surface was used to accelerate the convergence of the height control and eliminate″the explosion of complexity″.The radial basis function(RBF)neural network was designed by using the minimum learning parameter method to compensate the uncertainty.A kind of surface with nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode and its reaching law were developed to ensure finite time convergence and to avoid singularity.The controller for the velocity was designed by using super-twisting second-order sliding mode control.The stability of the proposed system was validated by Lyapunov method.The results showed that the Levant′s robust differential observer was improved and used for the observation of the required higher order differential of signals in the controller.The response of aircraft carrier landing under the complex disturbance is simulated and the results verified the approach.     

Guidance and Control Techniques of Carrier-Based Aircraft for Automatic Carrier Landing

We summarize the guidance and control techniques of automatic carrier landing for carrier-based aircraft.First,we analyze the carrier landing operations of the manned fixed-wing aircraft,unmanned fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.Second,we look into the navigation and guidance system and the flight control methods for current different aircraft.Finally,we draw several conclusions of the development prospects for aircraft carrier landing,including the precision landing control techniques,precision approach and landing guidance techniques,and adaptive,reconfigurable and intelligent flight control techniques.     

Fault Tolerant Control Scheme Design for Formation Flight Control System of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The command tracking problem of formation flight control system(FFCS)for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)with sensor faults is discussed.And the objective of the addressed control problem is to design a robust fault tolerant tracking controller such that,for the disturbances and sensor faults,the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable with a given disturbance attenuation level.A robust fault tolerant tracking control scheme,combining an observer with H∞ performance,is proposed.Furthermore,it is proved that the designed controller can guarantee asymptotic stability of FFCS despite sensor faults.Finally,a simulation of two UAV formations is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

舰载机自动着舰引导与控制综述

引导与控制是舰载机自动着舰的关键技术,为此本文对该技术进行综述。给出了舰载机进场航线和几种着舰工作模式,概述了基于跟踪雷达的着舰引导系统和基于卫星的着舰引导系统的工作原理及关键技术,着重分析了自动着舰的几种控制技术,包括控制律设计技术、直接力控制技术、推力矢量控制技术、甲板运动预估与补偿技术、舰尾气流抑制技术、动力补偿技术以及着舰安全控制技术。最后,从多系统集成着舰控制技术、多体制融合着舰引导技术两方面对自动着舰引导与控制技术进行了展望。     

基于模糊推理的无人战斗机视距空战机动决策

针对视距1vs.1空战场景下无人战斗机（Unmanned combat aerial vehicle, UCAV）的自主机动决策,提出了一种基于模糊推理的空战机动决策方法。首先,从空战场景出发,建立了角度、距离、速度及高度4种优势因子;其次,利用模糊规则对空战态势进行评估,将代表空战态势的优势因子输入模糊推理机,自适应地调整优势函数中各因子的权重;同时,利用决策机动、序列机动和惯性机动相结合的方法建立敌机位置预测模型,作为机动决策的辅助手段,最后利用试探机动进行机动决策。仿真结果表明模糊推理模型能够实现UCAV自主机动决策能力,模型的优势在于将模糊的空战态势转化为优势函数中确定的权重因子,在策略上指导UCAV做出更有针对性的机动决策。     

Flight Control System of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

To date unmanned aerial system(UAS)technologies have attracted more and more attention from countries in the world.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)play an important role in reconnaissance,surveillance,and target tracking within military and civil fields.Here one briefly introduces the development of UAVs,and reviews its various subsystems including autopilot,ground station,mission planning and management subsystem,navigation system and so on.Furthermore,an overview is provided for advanced design methods of UAVs control system,including the linear feedback control,adaptive and nonlinear control,and intelligent control techniques.Finally,the future of UAVs flight control techniques is forecasted.     

自动着陆系统μ综合控制研究

采用μ综合控制的方法设计了自动着陆系统，在满足系统下滑轨迹跟踪及速度控制性能的同时能有效抑制风扰动及模型不确定性的影响，所设计的系统具有良好的稳定鲁棒性和性能鲁棒性。根据自动着陆的要求，提出了μ综合设计的系统结构并给出了权函数选择的准则。最后对BOEING747飞机的自动着陆系统进行了设计仿真。自动着陆波束导引及拉平轨迹仿真表明，所设计的系统具有良好的动态性能、鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。     

火星探测无人机快速景象匹配算法

针对火星无人机探测飞行过程的特点及其机载计算机的局限性,在充分研究了矩阵奇异值向量性质特点的基础上,对奇异值向量进行主分量分析,提出了一种应用于火星无人机平飞段的基于奇异值分解的分层快速景象匹配算法,并给出了与之相应的机载特征数据存储方法.与相关算法的对比性实验表明,本文提出的算法具有准确,稳定,且速度更快,数据量更小的优点.通过仅在飞行末段,将本文算法切换成现有的基于SIFT算子的匹配算法,能在实现火星无人机全程快速景象匹配的同时,有效降低对其机载计算机综合性能的要求.     

无人机飞行控制计算机余度管理软件

针对样例余度配置的无人机飞行控制计算机体系结构,提出了一种输出信息余度管理方案.设计了数据交叉链路通讯、同步、输出信息表决、成员关系计算和系统重构等算法,采用多任务方案实现了相应的余度管理软件.最后,在样例三余度飞行控制计算机上进行了余度管理算法测试,结果表明所提出的方案正确,算法功能与性能满足工程应用要求.     

基于短暂丢失参考信号预测的无人直升机轨迹跟踪控制

考虑地面目标参考信号短暂丢失与外部干扰等影响,研究无人直升机（Unmanned aerial helicopter,UAH）空地轨迹跟踪控制问题。首先,将短时丢失的参考轨迹进行分解,并将其建模成平稳信号与非平稳信号两部分。然后,利用差分整合移动平均自回归（Auto-regressive integrated moving average,ARIMA）模型预测平稳信号,并借助马尔可夫分析法对非平稳信号进行预测。其次,结合预测信息和跟踪误差信号,分别对UAH横纵向子系统和垂直子系统设计滑模控制器,以有效提升跟踪效率并减小外界干扰对跟踪性能的影响,并改进控制算法以减小由滑模导致的抖振现象。最后,利用仿真结果说明本文控制算法有效性与优越性。     

无人机伞回收动力学分析

在建立无人机六自由度飞行力学模型和降落伞回收动力学模型的基础上,对无人机的整个回收过程进行仿真分析,并与飞行试验进行了比较。结果表明:本文所采用的方法较为准确地预测了整个减速伞工作阶段中的相关动力学特性。计算结果还包括了无人机与回收系统的相对运动过程,有效地预测了回收过程的危险情况,为无人机控制律和回收系统设计提供了重要参考。     

民用无人机的监管与规范探讨

民用无人机（Unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV）市场广阔,但由于监管缺失导致威胁公共安全的事件频发。本文针对无人机监管难的问题,对民用无人机监管进行了研究。从无人机的生命周期入手,提出了应对无人机实施全生命周期监管的理念。从监管机构职能划分、监管措施制定与完善、法律法规制定与持续更新这三个方面对无人机全生命周期监管进行了详细的论述,建议通过理清任务、明确职责、设置目标、规范流程、制定措施、形成法律法规的方式,来构建无人机监管体系。重点论述了无人机监管措施的制定与完善,提出了由政府制定框架和规范、依靠民间力量来执行和完善的监管建议。     

基于RHC的航班着落调度多目标优化算法

研究了基于滚动时域控制(RHC)策略的终端区进场航班动态排序问题,目的是在终端区空中交通繁忙的情况下,有效地为到达航班安排合理的着陆次序,在满足安全间隔兼顾管制员负荷的情况下,给出航班经过多目标优化的着陆时间,提高航班进场率,降低飞行延误成本。建立了基于RHC的航班动态排序模型,并利用精英保留策略的遗传算法对一个算例进行验证计算。算例仿真结果表明,进场率得到了提高,延误时间和成本明显减少,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于模型参考自适应的高超声速飞行器容错控制

针对执行机构部分失效情况下高超声速飞行器控制器的设计问题,提出了一种模型参考自适应容错控制设计方案。依据线性化的高超声速飞行器名义模型,设计名义反馈控制增益,并确定一个可保证自适应控制安全的参考模型,然后设计自适应补偿控制器消除执行机构控制效益及系统参数不确定性的影响。提出的自适应参数估计律由滤波的误差信号和特别设计的预测误差信号驱动,可实现更好的参数估计。该方案能保证闭环系统的稳定性,并能保证执行机构部分失效及系统参数不确定情况下的控制性能。仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性,在执行机构部分失效情况下,控制系统实现了良好的跟踪性能。     

Geo-location for Ground Target with Multiple Observations Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In order to improve the target location accuracy of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),a novel target location method using multiple observations is proposed.Firstly,the camera intrinsic parameters are calibrated.Then,the weighted least squares estimation is used to improve the localization precision because the traditional crossover method is vulnerable to noise and has low precision.By repeatedly measuring the same target point,a nonlinear observation equation is established and then covered to linear equations using Taylor expansion.The weighted matrix is obtained according to the height of the measurement point and the camera optic axis pointing angle,and then the weighted least squares estimation is used to calculate the target position iteratively.Finally,the effectiveness and robustness of this method is verified by numerical simulation and flight test.The results show that this method can effectively improve the precision of target location.     

无人机系统可靠性分配方法

对型号研制中常用的可靠性分配方法进行研究,提出了综合分配法,以比例分配法和评分分配法为基础,通过专家法确定权重系数,最后计算得到分配数值.该方法简单实用,能够得到更为合理的无人机系统可靠性分配方案,并通过实例验证可以满足工程需要.