Distributed intelligent self-organized mission planning of multi-UAV for dynamic targets cooperative search-attack

This article studies the cooperative search-attack mission problem with dynamic targets and threats, and presents a Distributed Intelligent Self-Organized Mission Planning (DISOMP) algorithm for multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (multi-UAV). The DISOMP algorithm can be divided into four modules: a search module designed based on the distributed Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, an attack module designed based on the Parallel Approach (PA) scheme, a threat avoidance module designed based on the Dubins Curve (DC) and a communication module designed for information exchange among the multi-UAV system and the dynamic environment. A series of simulations of multi-UAV searching and attacking the moving targets are carried out, in which the search-attack mission completeness, execution efficiency and system suitability of the DISOMP algorithm are analyzed. The simulation results exhibit that the DISOMP algorithm based on online distributed down-top strategy is characterized by good flexibility, scalability and adaptability, in the dynamic targets searching and attacking problem.     

航天电子产品金属晶须形成机理、危害及抑制措施分析

金属晶须自发生长是材料科学中长期受到关注的科学现象.随着航天电子产品集成度的提高,由金属晶须自发生长引起的短路和电子故障问题对航天电子产品的可靠性构成了潜在的威胁.因此,研究金属晶须的生长规律,分析金属晶须的生长机理,探寻抑制金属晶须生长的技术手段成为当前研究的热点.针对近年来国内外对金属晶须生长现象的一些相关研究进行了分析,主要包括金属晶须的生长行为、各种影响金属晶须生长的因素、解释锡晶须生长机理的理论等.结合航天型号金属晶须生长导致的故障,对晶须危害进行了分析,并提出了金属晶须抑制的常用措施.     

基于自适应连续蚁群算法的卫星星座设计(英文)

蚁群算法是一种解决多变量问题的新型启发式仿生算法。本文分析了卫星对地面的覆盖条件,提出用——/(n 1)重覆盖率来评价星座的覆盖性能,建立了以覆盖性能为目标函数的卫星星座参数优化模型。采用蚁群算法对卫星星座参数进行优化,为星座优化问题提供了一种新方法。在连续蚁群算法的基础上对算法进行改进,提出蚂蚁种群数量的自适应准则,有效的提高了搜索范围与收敛速度。通过仿真表明,与其他方法相比,蚁群算法在星座参数优化有着明显的效率。     

无线传感器网络覆盖新算法研究

目前无线传感器网络对时间空间连续分布的物理量进行监测时存在着节点分布不合理，覆盖效率低，网络计算量大等问题。采用流体力学中数值分析的动态嵌套网格技术，设计了一种新的基于动态嵌套网格技术的无线传感器网络覆盖算法。最后对该算法进行仿真实验，结果表明该算法在相同监测精度时所得到的覆盖效率、覆盖均匀性、能效指标等比传统的覆盖算法有所优化。     

A measurement-driven adaptive probability hypothesis density filter for multitarget tracking

This paper studies the dynamic estimation problem for multitarget tracking. A novel gating strategy that is based on the measurement likelihood of the target state space is proposed to improve the overall effectiveness of the probability hypothesis density(PHD) filter. Firstly, a measurement-driven mechanism based on this gating technique is designed to classify the measurements. In this mechanism, only the measurements for the existing targets are considered in the update step of the existing targets while the measurements of newborn targets are used for exploring newborn targets. Secondly, the gating strategy enables the development of a heuristic state estimation algorithm when sequential Monte Carlo(SMC) implementation of the PHD filter is investigated, where the measurements are used to drive the particle clustering within the space gate.The resulting PHD filter can achieve a more robust and accurate estimation of the existing targets by reducing the interference from clutter. Moreover, the target birth intensity can be adaptive to detect newborn targets, which is in accordance with the birth measurements. Simulation results demonstrate the computational efficiency and tracking performance of the proposed algorithm.     

毫米波无人直升机避障雷达系统研究

由电力线所引起的无人直升机事故频频发生,因而确保无人机飞行安全一个很重要的方面就是对电力线的检测。文章采用毫米波宽带线性调频技术实现了对高压线小目标的探测分辨,研制了毫米波无人直升机避障雷达系统,解决了无人机低空巡线飞行的安全问题。通过实际挂飞试验说明,该系统可靠有效,满足装备要求。     

A hybrid genetic approach for airborne sensor vehicle routing in real-time reconnaissance missions

Past initiatives to address surveillance and reconnaissance mission planning mainly focused on low-level control aspects such as real-time path planning and collision avoidance algorithms in limited environment. However, few efforts have been spent on high-level real-time task allocation. It is believed that automated decision capabilities supporting real-time resource allocation for sensor control and interactions might significantly reduce user workload, focusing attention on alternate tasks and objectives while assigning hard computational tasks to artificial agents. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows, in which a group of airborne sensors are engaged in a reconnaissance mission evolving in a dynamic uncertain environment involving known and unknown targets/threats. In that context, visiting a target may consist in carrying out a collection of subtasks such as search, detect, recognize and confirm suspected targets, discover and confirm new ones. The approach consists in concurrently evolving two populations of solutions to minimize total travel time and temporal constraint violation using genetic operators combining variations of key concepts inspired from routing techniques and search strategies. A least commitment principle in servicing scheduled customers is also exploited to potentially improve solution quality.     

Prototype personal navigation system

Honeywell Laboratories recently funded the development of a prototype personal navigation system based on MEMS technologies. The system components include a MEMS inertial measurement unit, a three-axis magnetometer, a barometric pressure sensor, and a SAASM GPS receiver. The system also uses Honeywell's human motion-based pedometry algorithm. The navigation process is based on a strap-down inertial navigator aided by feedback from a Kalman filter using typical measurements from the GPS, magnetometer and barometer when available. A key innovation is the addition of an independent measurement of distance traveled based on the use of a human motion algorithm. The navigation system combines the best features of dead reckoning and inertial navigation, resulting in positioning performance exceeding that achieved with either method alone. Subsequent to the Honeywell effort, DARPA funded an individual Personal Inertial Navigation System (iPINS) seedling program. Honeywell worked to improve the baseline personal navigation system with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of reliably achieving navigation accuracy < 1 % of distance traveled in GPS-denied scenarios. In addition, an analysis was conducted to determine the benefit of incorporating terrain correlation into the personal navigation system. The results of this analysis indicate that overall navigation accuracy can be significantly improved through the application of terrain correlation. This presents an are presented. In addition, conclusions from the terrain correlation analysis conducted under the iPINS seedling program are included.     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

冗余系统可靠度预测的网络分析法研究

 网络分析法是计算复杂系统可靠度的一种方法。它所定义的网络只具有简单节点及不重名弧（部件）。本文将此法引申到具有表决节点及重名孤（相关部件）的冗余系统中,并在模型中考虑了覆盖率。算法（RSCA-Ⅲ）除可求冗余系统可靠度外,还可用于任意具有重名弧的网络系统求可靠度。最后,本文对一个四冗余的电传飞行操纵系统进行了可靠度实例预测。其结果证明了模型及算法的正确性,并较适用于工程实际。     

Buried small objects detected by UWB GPR

A ground penetrating radar (GPR) using short-pulse is developed to detect small and shallow metal objects buried underground. A bistatic mode in which the GPR system uses separate transmitting and receiving antennas is applied. A modified fat dipole antenna is developed for the transmitting and receiving antennas. The prototype of the system is tested in the real environment and 2D visualization of raw data is achieved. We show that the developed system has a good ability to detect underground metal objects, and even small targets of several centimeters.     

Reliability and safety analysis of redundant vehicle management computer system

Redundant techniques are widely adopted in vehicle management computer （VMC） to ensure that VMC has high reliability and safety. At the same time, it makes VMC have special characteristics, e.g., failure correlation, event simultaneity, and failure self-recovery. Accordingly, the reliability and safety analysis to redundant VMC system （RVMCS） becomes more difficult. Aimed at the difficulties in RVMCS reliability modeling, this paper adopts generalized stochastic Petri nets to establish the reliability and safety models of RVMCS. Then this paper analyzes RVMCS oper- ating states and potential threats to flight control system. It is verified by simulation that the reli- ability of VMC is not the product of hardware reliability and software reliability, and the interactions between hardware and software faults can reduce the real reliability of VMC obviously. Furthermore, the failure undetected states and false alarming states inevitably exist in RVMCS due to the influences of limited fault monitoring coverage and false alarming probability of fault mon- itoring devices （FMD）. RVMCS operating in some failure undetected states will produce fatal threats to the safety of flight control system. RVMCS operating in some false alarming states will reduce utility of RVMCS obviously. The results abstracted in this paper can guide reliable VMC and efficient FMD designs. The methods adopted in this paper can also be used to analyze other intelligent systems＇ reliability.     

基于实时预测轨迹修正的共轴跟踪观测方法

针对光电设备跟踪观测轨迹可预测目标,提出并实现了基于实时预测轨迹修正的新型跟踪算法。从电视观测信息中实时解算出轨迹偏差的位置分量与速度分量并修正预测轨迹,引导仪器运动。应用该方法,在被观测目标电视探测不理想时有效提高了跟踪可靠性,降低了光电跟踪设备对电视探测能力的苛刻要求。即使电视探测短时出现困难,也能保证一定精度。本文给出了实时轨迹修正跟踪方法的构成原理与试验结果,并与一般电视跟踪方法进行了对比。     

Circular array STAP

Traditionally, space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for airborne early warning (AEW) radar has been applied to uniform linear arrays (ULAs). However, when considering the overall radar system, electronically scanned circular arrays have advantages: a better combination of even and continual angular and temporal coverage, and mechanical simplicity because it does not need to rotate. This paper answers the question “How well does STAP perform when applied to a circular array?” This paper shows that for the AEW mission, circular arrays are indeed STAP compatible. However, when conventional STAP algorithms are used there may be a small loss in performance when compared with a ULA. With some care in the choice and implementation of the STAP algorithm, the majority of the degradation is at close ranges, where the target returns are relatively strong. At long ranges performance is barely affected. A STAP algorithm which compensates for the circular array environment and provides better performance than existing algorithms is presented     

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) capability forsole-means GPS navigation in the oceanic phase of flight

Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), a GPS integrity monitoring scheme that uses redundant ranging signals to detect a satellite malfunction that results in a large range error, involves two functions: detection of the presence of a malfunctioning satellite and identification of which satellite (or satellites) is malfunctioning. An analysis is presented of GPS RAIM capability for sole-means navigation in the oceanic phase of flight, where the position protection limit requirement for the integrity function is not as stringent as for nonprecision approaches, and yet both detection and identification function may be required if GPS is to be used as a sole-means system. For this purpose, a detection and identification algorithm is developed which takes advantage of the fact that for the oceanic phase of flight, a much larger position error is acceptable than for the nonprecision approach phase of flight. The performance of this algorithm and an algorithm proposed previously by others is estimated via simulation and compared. On the basis of the results, recommendations are made on how RAIM may be used if GPS is to be coupled with an inertial system to provide a sole-means capability in the oceanic phase of flight     

海上薄雾条件下退化图像的快速Retinex增强算法

目前基于Retinex 理论的各种算法对海上薄雾条件下拍摄到的退化图像有很 好的增强效果,但是这些算法主要是采用在RGB 色空间对3 个颜色通道进行高斯卷积方 法,导致处理较大尺寸图像速度慢,现针对上述现象,提出一种改进的Retinex 快速增强 算法来处理海上薄雾条件下的退化图像,此方法改变了传统Retinex 算法利用二维高斯核 进行卷积的办法, 并且考虑到HSV 空间更适于人眼视觉特征, 先将RGB 色空间转换到 HSV 空间,再将二维高斯函数简化成一维迭代高斯函数,然后应用一维迭代高斯函数对 亮度V 分量进行卷积,并对饱和度S 做相应的拉伸。根据时间复杂度理论对改进的方法 进行了分析,并经过实验验证,此算法的处理速度有明显的提高,去雾效果较明显,图 像质量得到了改善,为视觉导航系统后续的工作提供了保证。     

SINS/BD紧组合导航系统故障检测算法研究与实现

由于惯性导航系统和卫星导航系统具有良好的互补性与北斗导航系统的迅速发展,惯性/卫星紧组合导航系统得到广泛应用。但卫星导航系统的时变、易受干扰等特性,极易污染整个组合导航系统。因此,研究了一种新型的惯性/北斗紧组合导航系统的故障检测算法,在传统的卡方故障检测算法基础上,利用新息动态变化特性来识别故障星,并对故障星进行隔离,从而保证整个导航系统的稳定性与精度。最后基于嵌入式PC104平台,利用Qt Creator软件开发了多线程惯性/北斗紧组合导航系统,对所研究的算法进行了可靠验证。实验结果表明,所研究的故障检测算法能够有效地检测出卫星信号故障,能及时剔除故障星,大大降低了漏检、错检的概率,提高了整个导航系统的可靠性与精度。     

基于运动特征和中心环绕模型的空对地车辆检测方法

平台的移动基于空基车辆检测以其视野广、速度快、适应性强等优点,近些年成为了智能交通和航空应急救援等领域内的一个热点课题。然而,在城市背景的交通环境下,由于复杂背景造成的干扰、车辆运动的不规律性以及光照等条件变化带来的噪声,有效地获取运动对象特征是空对地视觉监视方法面临的一个难题。为有效解决这一问题,提出了结合运动特征的中心环绕模型进行空对地车辆检测的算法。现有的空对地车辆检测算法,大多是针对固定的摄像头的情况下,基于运动特征进行检测,例如光流法、背景差法等。这些方法在对高速公路等背景相对较为简单的环境下获得了良好的检测结果,但当面对城市复杂背景条件或摄像头自身运动的状况时,难以有效地检测出运动目标。而在对颜色、强度等静态特征进行显著度分析的基础上,加入了对运动特征的分析,可以解决在复杂环境下准确提取车辆目标有效特征的问题。试验表明,相较于基于图像相减的检测算法和单一显著度算法,该算法可以获得更高的检测率与更低的误报率。     

Low-Level Signal Detection Using a New Transform Class

A system is developed to detect tracks crossing two-dimensional noise fields. This is accomplished by filtering and integration of signal power in the frequency domain of a new class of generalized transforms which include the FFT and FBT as limiting forms. If the track is essentially parallel to a transform axis and if filters are derived from hard-limited linear approximations to tracks, the FBT offers considerable hardware economy over the FFT in the mechanization algorithm.     

基于改进启发式蚁群算法的无人机自主航迹规划

无人机自主航迹规划是未来无人机作战使用的关键技术难题。针对传统航迹规划方法存在的求解效率不高、实时性较差、容易陷入局部最优等缺点,提出一种基于改进启发式蚁群算法的无人机航迹规划。算法前期使用Dijkstra 算法进行初始化航迹,引入启发式信息,提高搜索效率;采用Logistic 混沌映射初始化信息素,增加解的多样性,提高算法收敛速度;算法中、后期采用多航迹选择策略和模拟退火机制,提高全局搜索能力,避免因收敛速度过快,陷入局部最优解。对该算法进行仿真分析,结果表明：在存在威胁和障碍的复杂环境中,本文的改进蚁群算法与标准蚁群算法相比,能够有效规划出一条从起点到终点的航迹,并且寻优精度更高,收敛速度更快,具有一定应用价值。