对流天气下基于聚类算法的终端区交通流分析

准确分析对流天气对终端区进场交通流的影响,提出了一种面向对流天气场景的基于轨迹聚类的进场交通流分析方法。利用卷积神经网络与K-means++算法对对流天气进行特征提取和聚类;采用均匀化参数方法对进场飞行轨迹进行重采样;进而采用具有噪声的基于密度的聚类算法对进场轨迹进行聚类,采用K-means算法识别交通流的中心轨迹。对...     

高阻塞比肋化通道对流换热特性实验研究

采用实验方法对高阻塞比肋化通道的对流换热特性进行了研究。实验的Re数为1400~4500,肋高(e)和通道水力直径(H)的比值(e/H)为0.2和0.33,肋间距(S)与肋高(e)的比值(S/e)为5,10和15。肋化通道中的肋有顺排和叉排两种排列形式。研究结果表明:(1)随着阻塞比和Re数的增加,对流换热系数逐渐增大,但相应的流动损失亦不断升高。(2)无论是顺排还是叉排肋化通道,在肋间距比分别为5,10和15三种情况下,间距比为10的对流换热系数和流阻损失均高于其它两种情况。(3)在实验几何参数范围内,顺排肋化通道的对流换热系数和流动压损均高于叉排通道。     

涡轮支板与导向器一体化气动设计方法研究

针对大涵道比发动机低压涡轮设计要求,开展了大、小叶片组合叶栅形式的低压涡轮支板与导向器一体化设计方法研究。以常规参数化方法为基础,建立了大、小叶片设计参数关联关系,提出1种参数化程度高和参数关联性强的大、小叶片组合叶栅参数化叶型设计方法,并用于低压涡轮支板与导向器一体化气动方案设计。结果表明:涡轮支板与导向器一体化气动方案的总压恢复系数为0.981,叶片表面载荷分布合理,流场质量良好,叶栅出口流场参数分布均匀且周期性好。涡轮支板与导向器一体化叶型参数化设计方法具有良好的工程应用价值。     

不同压力环境下竖直平板表面自然对流散热实验

飞行器从地面上升到太空的过程中所经历的大幅度环境参数变化,会导致飞行器及机载设备出现"超热"、"过冷"和"热分层"等现象。为得到不同环境压力下的关键参数--自然对流换热系数,本文搭建了一个能提供不同气压和环境温度的封闭试验舱,对在不同压力环境(0.0001,0.01,0.1,0.2,0.5,1,10,50 kPa和常压)下几种固定加热量(75,150,300 W/m²)的竖直平板散热进行了实验研究,通过对辐射散热和对流散热的分析比较,获取不用工况下气体的对流换热系数。结果表明:对流换热系数在绝对气压小于1 kPa时非常小,可以视作为0;在绝对气压大于1 kPa时,对流换热系数随压力的升高呈2次方增加;通过对环境物理参数的无因次化处理,得到的准则式方程可用于1~100 kPa的环境压力。     

非合作无源探测中的假设检验弱目标检测方法

在非合作无源探测系统中,弱目标回波不仅会受到强直达波、强多径的干扰,还会受到强目标的掩盖干扰,因此很难对其进行有效检测。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种基于多择复合假设检验的弱目标检测方法。首先将接收信号投影到多径干扰的正交补子空间内,以消除强直达波和强多径干扰,然后将目标检测看作一个多择复合假设检验问题,建立了与之相应的基本框架模型,利用最大后验估计方法对目标时延、多普勒频移及信号幅度等参数进行估计,构造检验统计量,设置相应的门限,根据假设检验结果,逐个消除强目标干扰从而达到检测弱目标的目的。仿真结果表明,本方法可以有效抑制强直达波、强多径及强目标干扰,有效检测出弱目标,且虚警率低。     

气膜-发散组合冷却结构换热特性的实验研究

为了研究气膜-发散组合冷却结构的冷却特征,保证相同的开孔率,设计了三种不同发散孔排布形式的组合冷却结构,采用实验的方法对气动参数和几何参数对绝热冷却效率和对流换热系数的影响规律开展了研究。结果表明:绝热冷却效率和对流换热系数沿主流方向先逐渐降低,达到最低点后沿流动方向二者基本保持不变;在研究参数范围内,主流雷诺数和吹风比对绝热冷却效率的影响不大,但对组合冷却结构的对流换热系数影响较大,随着主流雷诺数和吹风比的增加,对流换热系数均呈现逐渐增大的趋势;针对三种发散孔排布形式的绝热冷却效率和对流换热系数,流向间距大的气膜发散冷却结构最高,流向间距居中的气膜发散冷却结构次之,流向间距最小的气膜发散冷却结构最低。     

基于DDES的跨声速导叶中激波与边界层干涉机理研究

随着透平负荷的逐渐提高,为了分析导叶中出现的激波与边界层干涉的流动机理,需要使用高精度、高分辨率的求解器和先进的湍流计算方法以获取精细的流场结构。采用自主开发的混合RANS/LES求解器,对高负荷透平环境中激波与边界层干涉的流动现象进行研究。结果表明:跨声速流场中同时存在强激波和弱激波,弱激波可在作用位置附近导致熵生成率增大;强激波会诱导边界层分离,而分离区的存在使激波出现马赫反射现象。进一步对湍动能和流动损失进行了机理研究,发现在分离泡前湍动能较大,且湍动能的生成和对流占主导机制;在强激波后由强激波引起的熵生成率较大,且强激波前后区域流动损失主导因素不同。     

参数化大型客机方案实例库研究

 为充分利用和借鉴已有的大型客机方案实例信息,建立了参数化大型客机方案实例库,并在一个开放式飞机总体设计环境中完成了方案实例三维建模和相关参数入库,提出了面向对象的参数化实例方法。在此基础上实现了对实例库中客机参数的管理、参数分析,并通过初始布局方案的模块化设计,为总体设计阶段新方案的快速设计及初步分析奠定了一定的基础。最后通过应用示例说明了实例库在总体设计阶段的运用。     

关于混合气体输运系数计算方案的影响研究

为了研究混合气体分子输运系数的不同近似计算方案对边界层及射流剪切层流场计算的影响,以含双方程k-ωSST湍流模式的质量平均Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,分别采用两种计算方案:公式计算混合气体导热系数、扩散系数的直接计算方案和由普朗特数和施密特数等关联混合气体导热系数、扩散系数的关联计算方案,对Burrow和Kurkov实验流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:与采用直接计算方案相比,采用关联计算方案,流场数值模拟在获得相当的计算结果的同时,大大降低了计算量;抛开与控制方程的相容性问题,混合气体扩散系数各直接计算方案对流场参数计算影响不明显;在湍流计算时,边界层/剪切层区域的混合气体湍流输运系数大于分子输运系数,由此弱化了混合气体分子输运系数不同的近似计算方案对流场数值模拟的影响;相对输运系数近似计算方案,湍流可压缩修正模型对组分剖面的影响更为明显。计算表明,在边界层近壁流场、剪切层流场以及层流流场的精细化数值模拟中,混合气体分子输运系数的计算方案有重要的影响。     

进气道中激波-边界层干扰特性研究

针对高超进气道中激波/边界层干扰等现象,选取了24°压缩拐角及二维高超进气道DLR-GK01等算例,比较研究了混合网格并行数值模拟软件中SA、SST、TNT三种湍流模型对激波/边界层干扰等现象的模拟能力,主要考察了不同湍流模型对流场结构、壁面压强以及壁面摩阻的影响。结果表明:三种湍流模型在模拟大分离流场时存在不同的流动分离特性,TNT湍流模型较SST和SA湍流模型模拟的分离起始位置、分离区大小及边界层厚度与实验吻合度最好。     

时变平均风提取方法研究

非平稳风速模型将实测风速记录分解为时变平均风与平稳脉动风的叠加。研究提出利用脉动风平稳度指标确定时变平均风的方法,定义不同时距摩阻速度的比值为脉动风平稳度指标,在所有可能的选择中,最优时变平均风应使脉动风在满足平稳性要求的同时平稳度指标最大。应用于实测10分钟550组台风及3300组季风数据表明该提取方法合理有效。     

关于非扩张映像和非扩张半群的单调混杂算法

在Hilbert空间中，使用单调混杂算法，修正了由Zhao等引进的隐迭代格式，分别对一族有限个非扩张映像和非扩张半群证明了强收敛定理。同时，也使用这种算法来逼近单调算子的零点，并得到强收敛定理。     

Theoretical aspects of selecting repeated unit cell model in micromechanical analysis using displacement-based finite element method

Repeated Unit Cell(RUC)is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element(DFE)method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions(PDBCs)to RUC is almost a standard practice to conduct such analysis.Two basic questions arising from this practice are whether Periodic Traction Boundary Conditions(PTBCs,also known as traction continuity conditions)are guaranteed and whether the solution is independent of selection of RUCs.This paper presents the theoretical aspects to tackle these questions,which unify the strong form,weak form and DFE method of the micromechanical problem together.Specifically,the solution’s independence of selection of RUCs is dealt with on the strong form side,PTBCs are derived from the weak form as natural boundary conditions,and the validity of merely applying PDBCs in micromechanical Finite Element(FE)analysis is proved by referring to its intrinsic connection to the strong form and weak form.Key points in the theoretical aspects are demonstrated by illustrative examples,and the merits of setting micromechanical FE analysis under the background of a clear theoretical framework are highlighted in the efficient selection of RUCs for Uni Directional(UD)fiber-reinforced composites.     

CFAR for homogeneous part of high-resolution imagery

In high-resolution imaging, weak target pixel amplifiers may not be detected in the presence of clutter containing strong nonhomogeneities, when conventional approaches are used. The authors describe a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) approach that avoids the elimination of these significant target returns. The nonhomogeneous clutter as well as the weak target components are detected with this approach. The targets could then be discriminated from the homogeneities by discrimination techniques. It is shown how the lower amplitude components of the background noise and homogeneous clutter (which have Rayleigh statistics) can be detected in the presence of strong homogeneous clutter and targets. The average level of the homogeneous component is then determined using these lower-amplitude components. This CFAR approach avoids having a CFAR on the strong nonhomogeneities as well as the homogeneous component. The avoidance is what yields the ability to detect weak target pixel amplitudes     

SCC evaluation of a 2297 Al-Li alloy rolled plate using the slow-strain rate technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 2297 Al-Li alloy in 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ solution (CP solution) and 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ + 0.6 M Na₂SO₄ solution (CPS solution) was investigated by slow-strain rate tests at various strain rates ranging from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The roles of H₂O₂ and SO₄²⁻ in the corrosion process were estimated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2297 Al-Li alloy does not fracture ascribed to SCC in CP solution, while it undergoes SCC in CPS solution. In CPS solution, with a decreasing strain rate from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹, the SCC susceptibility firstly rises and then declines exhibiting a peak value at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. H₂O₂ promotes the active dissolution while SO₄²⁻ lowers the corrosion rate. The SCC fracture is associated with a decline in the dissolution rate of the crack tip by SO₄²⁻, which leads to stress concentration. In CPS solution, a reduction in the local dissolution rate of the crack tip leads to stress concentration, resulting in SCC fracture. As the preferred initiation site for a crack, pits also show a noteworthy effect on SCC of 2297 Al-Li alloy.     

Results from a Four-Element Adaptive Antenna Experiment

Experimental results from a four-element, linear, half-wavelength spacing, adaptive-array antenna under the control of the least mean square (LMS) algorithm are presented. The array is found to be capable of nulling a 70-MHz signal to -35 dB below a desired signal over a 5-MHz bandwidth. The antenna processing gain is constant over a desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio range from -20 dB to 5 dB. A sharp reduction in processing gain is observed for angular separations between jammer and desired signal of less than 10°. Antenna patterns taken with weights set in 300 iterations of the LMS algorithm show that the one strong, one weak jammer combination has a longer weight convergence time and reduced processing gain compared with a two strong jammers combination. Contours of constant desired signal-to-jammer signal power ratio, after adaptive antenna processing, reveal a complex shape for communication between air and ground due to the finite angular resolution of the adaptive antenna.     

Application of Adaptive Arrays to Suppress Strong Jammers in the Presence of Weak Signals

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that an adaptive array can be used to acquire weak signals, whose direction and timing are unknown, in an environment of stronger jammers. Specifically, it is shown that in an environment of one weak signal and one strong jammer, the adaptive array output suppresses the strong jammer below the weak signal by roughly the same amount that the jammer exceeded the signal before adaptation.     

紫外线VS防晒霜

紫外线是肌肤的第一大敌人,会引起衰老、干燥、过敏等众多皮肤问题。因此,在阳光逐渐强烈的夏季,我们一定要做好妥善的防晒措施。除了墨镜、遮阳伞之外,防晒霜也是必不可少的随身物品。     

Wave-particle interactions and their relevance to substorms

Wave-particle effects are implicit in most models of radial diffusion and energization of Van Allen belt particles; they were explicitly used in the wave turbulence model for trapped particle precipitation and trapped flux limitations by Kennel and Petschek, Cornwall and by many others. Liemohn used wave-particle interactions to work out a theory of path-integrated whistler amplification process to explain the lack of large per-hop attenuation of multiple-hop LF whistlers.Others have now used wave-particle interactions to construct theories of ELF and VLF chorus. In the present paper we shall review the observations and some of the pertinent theoretical interpretations of wave-particle effects as they relate to substorm and storm-time phenomena. If substorms develop as a result of magnetic merging, then it seems clear that wave-particle interactions in the dissipative or so-called diffusion region of the reconnection zone may be of great importance. The plasma sheet thinning and flow towards the Earth lead inevitably to the development of particle distribution functions that contain free energy in a pitch-angle anisotropy. Such free energy can be released via plasma wave instabilities. The subsequent wave-particle interactions can result in both strong and weak diffusion of particles into loss cones with consequent precipitation fluxes into the auroral zone. Ring current proton spectra also should be unstable against various plasma instabilities with consequent ring current decay and precipitations. Wave-particle interactions must play some important roles in auroral arcs, electrojets and other phenomena related to substorms. These aspects of wave-Paticle interaction will be covered