了解日常核辐射的量

核辐射(或通常称之为放射性)存在于所有的物质之中。核辐射可以引起物质电离或激发,故称为电离辐射。它源于原子核从一种结构或一种能量状态转变为另一种结构或另一种能量状态过程中所释     

助力航天，青春无悔——我国首次女性卧床实验纪实——第101种生活体验

她们来自首都各个高校，她们都是20岁上下的孩子．她们为了一个神圣而光荣的目标走到了一起。她们觉得自己能够直接参与到祖国的载人航天事业中来，为载人航天事业添砖加瓦，是一种幸福，一种机遇，一种经历，更是一种荣耀。     

一种特殊的分形图像水印技术

文章介绍了一种基于分形图像的水印方法,该方法利用一种特殊的正交分形编码。分形仿射变换由值域块的均值和对比压缩系数共同决定。这种正交分形解码是一种均值常量的迭代。水印信号由m序列构成。     

单次特快波形信号的实时传输技术

论述一种单次特快波形信号的实时传输技术，介绍弹载遥测发射设备的工作概况，该设备从射频频率的角度看，它是一种调频体制的，从射频功率的角度看，它是一种脉冲体制的。该设备不但能传输特快波形信号，而且能传输缓变的常规遥测信号，设计方案新颖，是一种多用途的弹上遥测发射设备。     

关于空管执行文化建设的思考

当代著名培训大师余世维博士对文化作过这样的论述:坚持一种行为就变成了习惯,坚持一种习惯就变成了传统,坚持一种传统就变成了文化。应该说这个论述既独到又精辟。从某个角度说,文化的确就是一种习惯,一种传统。一个人有良好的习惯,一个单位有优良的传统,优秀的文化就自然形成     

可控制磁流变阻尼器的研究

磁流变液是一种新兴的智能材料,利用这种智能材料可以研制成一种新式阻尼器。文章推导出了磁流变阻尼器3种工作模式下的动态模型,设计和加工了一种混合式磁流变阻尼器,并对该磁流变阻尼器的性能进行了实验研究,测试结果和理论分析结果非常吻合,由此得到该理论模型是行之有效的。     

提高Intel 8237性能的一种有效方法

描述了提高Intel8237性能的一种有效方法。Intel8237是一种高性能的可编程的DMA控制器，但它在控制存储器与存储器之间传这时，需要8个周期，时间太长，从而降低运行效率。针对这一弱点，阐述了一种新的改进方法，节约了75％的时间。     

航天器交会对接中测量靶标的两种设计方法

根据旋转、平移和缩放不变性、易于探测与高精度定位等原则设计出了两种用于航天器交会对接视觉测量的编码靶标。一种为圆形编码靶标,使用二进制相对编码的方法对靶标进行编码和解码。另一种为圆环形编码靶标,是一种具有坐标系的绝对编码,通过模版匹配实现解码。在不同条件下进行了实验,两种编码靶标都能被准确地识别。实验结果证明两种靶标具有很好的抗干扰性和稳定性,能够适应交会对接视觉测量的要求。     

一种新的空时码构造方法

空时编码调制是一种充分利用分集特性克服信道衰落的一种编码调制方式。文中提出一种构建空时码的新方法 ,可以通过计算机搜索获得最优空时码 ,并给出一种基于最优距离卷积码的构造方法。采用文中所提出的空时码 ,可以获得空间、时间分集增益并取得最大码增益。仿真结果表明 ,其性能比以往文献中提到的空时码有明显提高。     

NASA将验证三项深空探测所需技术

NASA官员8月22日宣布将拿出总共1．75亿美元来开展3项技术验证任务．分别用于验证3项将有助于未来空间探测的必备技术。即一种深空原子钟、一种巨型太阳帆设计和一种新型激光通信系统。这3项任务预计可在2015年前后发射。     

用自动寻优压根系数求运载火箭传递函数的计算法

根据大型运载火箭的结构弹性,液体晃动和刚体运动的特性,由平台、速率陀螺和横(法)向加速度表等并联支路的传递函数零、极点,自动确定姿态系统开环或闭环传递函数多项式的最大系数项及其值,再由最大系数值和所用计算机的字长介出最佳压根系数K~*。最后用K~*进行压根,一次成功地求出姿态系统开环或闭环传递函数及其零、极点。     

全面解决一类二阶LQ最佳控制问题

本文对一类二阶LQ最佳控制问题(规定终点(0,0),积分时间有限),按其特征根可能的全部四种情况,分别给出一般的最小损失函数、最佳控制和系统最佳运行的解析表达式。     

主成份估计的特征根因子筛选方法

线性回归模型的主成份估计具有模型紧致和减弱病态的作用,并提高参数估计效果,但是如何筛选特征根却是主成份估计的重要问题。本文找到了主成份估计的特征根与残差平方和之间的确定关系,并根据模型拟合优度和减弱测量随机噪声对参数估计的影响,提出主成份估计筛选特征根的准则。由于特征根与残差平方和具有确定关系,使用这个准则就极为方便,它既可以选到最优组合,又大大减少了计算量,这就具有实际使用价值。     

“单二”组合检测技术的唯一性研究

本文针对曲面构形刚体,利用动态景物图象序列的“单二”组合技术,建立了运动方程。但是,同时产生了增根。为了从瞬间三维运动参数的多组解中确定唯一的真解,在考虑到噪声的影响后,导出了判决函数d(f,R)及其判决规则。仿真实验结果表明,利用d(t,R)0,可以有效地确定唯一的瞬间旋转矩阵R_。和三维平移矢量t(与真解t_。同向),从而证实了理论分析的工确性,解决了“单二”组合检测技术的多解问题。     

卫星进／出地影位置和时间的计算算法

首先推导出地影图锥面方程和卫星运动方程，然后经过合理的简化得到一个四次代数方程。对该四次方程进行求解，得出卫星进出本影和半影位置的近似解，再以此为初值，利用牛顿迭代法进行迭代，得到卫星进出地影位置和相对精确解。最后给出了该算法的数值算例。     

An endogenous growth pattern of roots is revealed in seedlings grown in microgravity

In plants, sensitive and selective mechanisms have evolved to perceive and respond to light and gravity. We investigated the effects of microgravity on the growth and development of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Landsberg) in a spaceflight experiment. These studies were performed with the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware system in the middeck region of the space shuttle during mission STS-131 in April 2010. Seedlings were grown on nutrient agar in Petri dishes in BRIC hardware under dark conditions and then fixed in flight with paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or RNAlater. Although the long-term objective was to study the role of the actin cytoskeleton in gravity perception, in this article we focus on the analysis of morphology of seedlings that developed in microgravity. While previous spaceflight studies noted deleterious morphological effects due to the accumulation of ethylene gas, no such effects were observed in seedlings grown with the BRIC system. Seed germination was 89% in the spaceflight experiment and 91% in the ground control, and seedlings grew equally well in both conditions. However, roots of space-grown seedlings exhibited a significant difference (compared to the ground controls) in overall growth patterns in that they skewed to one direction. In addition, a greater number of adventitious roots formed from the axis of the hypocotyls in the flight-grown plants. Our hypothesis is that an endogenous response in plants causes the roots to skew and that this default growth response is largely masked by the normal 1?g conditions on Earth.     

Optimum parameters of a gravitational satellite-stabilizer system

Dynamics of a satellite-stabilizer system is studied. It is supposed that there is a viscous friction in a hinge connecting two bodies, but there is no elasticity. The attitude motion in a plane of circular orbit is considered, and parameters are determined, at which natural oscillations near a stable equilibrium position in the orbital coordinate system are damped out most rapidly. The rate of transient processes is estimated by a value of the degree of stability of linearized equations of motion. The optimization of the degree of stability is sequentially performed in dimensionless damping coefficient (the first stage) and in inertial system parameters (the second stage). The result of the first stage is the partition of system parameter space into the regions, in each of which the maximum of the degree of stability is reached on a particular configuration of roots of the characteristic equation. It is shown at the second stage that the global maximum is reached at two points of parameter space, where one of system bodies degenerates into a plate, and the characteristic equation has four equal real roots.     

一种新型大抽速真空粗抽系统设计

文章介绍了一种大抽速真空粗抽系统的设计方法。这种系统是利用国内已研制出的新型直排大气罗茨泵而进行设计的,它可以大大缩短真空容器的粗抽时间。     

一种新的基于粗集的辐射源信号识别模型

粗糙集理论作为一种新的处理含糊和不确定性问题的数学工具,已成为国际学术界的一个前沿的研究领域。在深入研究粗糙集理论的基础上,将其引入辐射源识别问题中,给出了一种基于粗糙集的辐射源信号识别模型。同时给出了一种不依赖先验知识确定辐射源识别权值的新方法,并提出了一种新的分类规则。最后,进行了计算机仿真实验,并与经典的模糊模式识别及统计模式识别方法进行了比较,实验结果证明了该方法的优势和有效性。     

A perspective on the importance of reproductive mode in astrobiology

Reproduction is a vital characteristic of life, and sex is the most common reproductive mode in the eukaryotic world. Sex and reproduction are not necessarily linked mechanisms: Sexuality without reproduction exists, while several forms of asexual reproduction are known. The occurrence of sexuality itself is paradoxical, as it is very costly in evolutionary terms. Most of the hypotheses (more than 20) attempting to explain the prevalence of sex fall into two categories: Sex either creates good gene combinations for adaptation to environments or eliminates bad gene combinations counteracting the accumulation of mutations. In spite of this apparent wealth of beneficial effects of sex, asexuality is not rare. Most eukaryotic, asexual lineages are short-lived and can only persist through the presence of sexual roots, but at least two animal groups, bdelloid rotifers and darwinulid ostracods, seem to claim the status of ancient asexuals. Research on (a)sexuality is relevant to astrobiology in a number of ways. First, strong relationships between the origin and persistence of life in extreme environments and reproductive mode are known. Second, the "habitability" of nonterrestrial environments to life greatly depends on reproductive mode. Whereas asexuals can do equally well or better in harsh environments, they fail to adapt fast enough to changing abiotic and biotic environments. Third, it has been shown that plants reproduce mainly asexually in space, and sperm production and motility in some vertebrates are hampered. Both findings indicate that extraterrestrial life under conditions different from Earth might be dominated by asexual reproduction. Finally, for exchange of biological material between planets, the choice of reproductive mode will be important.