直流航空接触器熔焊故障分析及预防建议

直流航空接触器由于其体积小、负载大、高可靠性、长寿命等特点,广泛应用于航空器各大系统的电气部件中,是现代航空器的重要电气控制部件。直流航空接触器在断开和闭合过程中,触头会受到电侵蚀,当侵蚀达到一定程度后,动静触头将焊接在一起,接触器也将失去控制,造成航空器电源等重要系统故障。本文通过对某机型起动机接触器熔焊故障情况及触头熔焊分析,结合 2016—2019 年该型接触器平均故障万时率,统计其故障发生的时机和原因。结果表明：该直流航空接触器的维护属于时控件寿命曲线态势分布,建议对其按时控件管理。     

Three-phase single-stage ac/dc boost integrated series resonant converter

A new ac/dc 3-/spl phi/ single-stage converter is proposed integrating a 3-/spl phi/ discontinuous current mode (DCM) boost with a dc/dc fixed frequency series resonant converter (SRC). This converter has the following features: natural power factor correction, soft switching, high-frequency (HF) transformer isolation with the series resonant tank operating in above resonance mode, etc. A new complementary gating control scheme is used for simultaneous control of boost converter and the SRC. Modes of operation are presented and analyzed. Based on the analysis, design curves are obtained. An optimum design is given and a design example is presented. Results obtained from SPICE simulation for the designed converter are given to verify the performance of the proposed converter for varying load as well as line voltage. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype converter are presented to verify the theory.     

Investigations of Stability & Dynamic Performances of a Current-Injected Regulator

The stability and dynamic performances of a buck/boost regulator employing a current-injected control are examined. Small-signal models for the power state, the multiloop error processor, and the duty-cycle pulse modulator are developed. The error-processor model which incorporates the current-injected loop, the dc loop, and the compensation network permits evaluation of the effects of each individual control loop and their combined efforts toward shaping the performance characteristics of the closed-loop system. Comparisons are made between this modeling approach and earlier approaches. Some important yet subtle dissimilarities are discussed. This model predicts the constant-frequency 50-percent duty-cycle instability which is inherent to the current-injected control.     

Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.     

Dynamic Modeling of Brushless dc Motors for Aerospace Actuation

A discrete time model for simulation of the dynamics of samarium cobalt-type permanent magnet brushless dc machines is presented. The similation model includes modeling of the interaction between these machines and their attached power conditioners. These are transistorized conditioner units. This model is part of an overall discrete-time analysis of the dynamic performance of electromechanical actuators, which was conducted as part of prototype development of such actuators studied and built for NASA-Johnson Space Center as a prospective alternative to hydraulic actuators presently used in shuttle orbiter applications. The resulting numerical simulations of the various machine and power conditioner current and voltage waveforms gave excellent correlation to the actual waveforms collected from actual hardware experimental testing. These results, numerical and experimental, are presented here for machine motoring, regeneration and dynamic braking modes. Application of the resulting model to the determination of machine current and torque profiles during closed-loop actuator operation were also analyzed and the results are given here. These results are given in light of an overall view of the actuator system components. The applicability of this method of analysis to design optimization and trouble-shooting in such prototype development is also discussed in light of the results at hand.     

Optimal Design Strategy of Switching Converters Employing Current in jected Control

This paper analyzes a buck/boost regulator employing current-injected control (CIC). It reveals the complex interactions between the dc loop and the current-injected loop and underlines the fundamental principle that governs the loop gain determination. Three commonly used compensation techniques are compared. The integral and lead/lag compensation are shown to be most desirable for performance optimization and stability.     

基于比例阀门的升降速度控制方法研究

提出了一种新的航空升降速度标准信号自动产生方法.从控制方面,采用硅压阻模拟、石英数字双传感器,分别作为过程控制传感器和基准压力传感器,保证系统升降速度的准确度.采用双闭环控制方案,模拟闭环采用电路设计实现,数字闭环通过计算机、数字传感器和软件实现.控制执行部件采用一对比例电磁阀门.控制电路设计采用了模拟电路PID和数字PID控制结合的串级控制方案,对实现升降速度和压力信号变化的微分电路进行了设计.实验证明,该装置升降速度的输出准确度优于0.2%F.S,控制范围为0～200 m/s.     

空空导弹成像制导系统动态仿真技术研究

提出了一种用于空空导弹制导系统动态仿真测试的数字成像导引回路设计与实现方法。通过设计合理的数字模拟接口并将真实的红外成像导引头用数学模型替代,可以实现数字导引头与导弹飞控舱实物的有效连接,完成灵活的制导系统数字/实物多重组合动态仿真。在保证必要的红外目标辐射特性和运动特性建模精度基础上,采用这种方法可以满足导弹制导算法的研制和调试需要。该方法目前已在某型红外数字化空空导弹的制导系统算法研制中获得应用,取得良好的应用效果。     

Uniform Sampling Analysis of a Hybrid Phase-Locked Loop with a Sample-and-Hold Phase Detector

Phase-locked-loop (PLL) bit synchronizers often employ integrate-and-dump type phase detectors that provide phase error information only at discrete points in time. Usually these phase detectors are followed by sample-and-hold circuits to produce a stairstep error voltage as the input to a standard analog circuit loop filter. When the loop is configured in this manner, it is referred to as a hybrid PLL. Sampled-data analysis methods (Z transforms) are used to determine the stability and transient response of this loop.     

考虑一阶环节和法向约束的最优导引律

前言 目前关于最优导引律的文献中,除文献讨论了将导引对象视为具有瞬时响应特性的质点,考虑了控制的法向约束而外,其他均未考虑控制的约束问题。为了大幅度地提高导引精度,在建立“导引对象--目标”的数学模型时,就必须考虑导引对象的动态响应。     

Design and analysis of a microprocessor-controlledpeak-power-tracking system [for solar cell arrays]

Stability and dynamics of a series configuration peak-power tracking (PPT) system are analyzed. The operating modes of the system, as well as mode transitions, are investigated based on qualitative graphical representations of dc load lines at various interfaces of the system. Analysis of multiloop control in the PPT mode is discussed. This includes the design of the inner voltage loop and analysis of the closed-loop system stability around the peak-power point. For an optimum dynamic performance and stability, design parameters of the inner voltage loop and the outer PPT loop are identified. Experimental verifications, supported by simulation results, are performed     

Novel AC line conditioner for power factor correction

A new ac line conditioner is presented for high input power factor and clean ac output voltages for isolating the linear or nonlinear loads. A three-phase two-leg switching mode rectifier with neutral-point-clamped topology is proposed to draw the sinusoidal line currents from the ac mains. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner control loop to track the line current commands with unity power factor. The dc bus voltage controller is adopted in the outer control loop to regulate the dc-link voltage. A voltage compensator is used to balance the neutral point voltage on the dc tank. A three-phase two-leg inverter with neutral-point-clamped topology is adopted in the system to provide the clean ac output voltages to the critical or sensitive loads. The carrier-based current control scheme is adopted to improve the instantaneous output voltages. Experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

Half-bridge neutral point diode clamped rectifier for power factor correction

A high power factor rectifier based on neutral point clamped scheme is proposed. The voltage stress of each power semiconductor of the adopted rectifier is equal to the half dc bus voltage instead of full dc link voltage in the conventional switching mode rectifier. The control signals of the power switches are derived from the dc link voltage balance compensator, line current controller, and dc link voltage regulator. The hysteresis current control scheme is employed to draw a clean sinusoidal line current, high input power factor, regulated dc link voltage, and balance capacitor voltages. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal of the adopted rectifier. To verify the proposed operation scheme, performance characteristics are given by the experimental results.     

平台系统数字化框架轴锁定回路设计

平台系统测试设备要求平台在不开盖条件下实现框架锁定,在对陀螺和加速度计进行多位置测试时,必须确保平台框架处于正交锁定状态。原平台系统锁定回路是由模拟电路搭建,不但存在框架抖动问题,而且只能利用机械锁进行框架锁定。针对上述缺陷,本文对原模拟锁定回路进行了数字化改进设计,利用DSP实现传感器信号滤波、控制算法及PWM波输出,再经过功率驱动后控制各框架轴力矩电机实现框架锁定。经仿真和试验验证,数字化锁定回路性能满足测试设备对锁定回路技术要求。     

Loop gain of a spacecraft switched shunt power system

A novel approach of deriving the loop gain of a spacecraft switched shunt power system is presented. The system hardware elements contain both the analog and the digital components. Transfer functions of the analog circuits are easily identified employing the conventional approach. Gain function of the digital block is however conceived following a quite unconventional route. The digital gain is shown to include the effects of comparator thresholds, digital clock, shift register, sinusoidal amplitude, and ac frequency. The dependence of the digital gain on voltage thresholds, clocking period, and the integrational property of threshold comparator is expected. The dependence on sinusoidal amplitude contradicts the traditional concept of small signal analysis. The overall loop gain in the analytic form yields a computational result that matches the actual measurement very well. This fact proves, to some extent, the validity of the digital gain function and the basis of its derivation     

Output Power Controller for a Wind-Driven Induction Generator

A constant stator power output controller for a wind-driven grid-connected induction generator is described. The load torque of the generator is controlled by varying the rotor resistance electronically. A dynamic model for the wind energy conversion system is proposed for both controlled and uncontrolled operation.The model is then used to predict the changes in shaft speed,turbine torque, and stator power output in response to change in wind speed. Data pertaining to a 60 kW commercial wind turbine generator is used in this investigation. Results based on analog computer simulation demonstrate the feasibility of the controller for scheduling a desired power output from the induction generator.Results of the tests on a laboratory induction generator driven by amicrocomputer-controlled dc motor drive simulating the characteristics of the wind turbine are included.     

一种新的极点配置广义预测控制方法

 提出一种新的极点配置广义预测控制方法,该方法在性能指标函数中引入控制增量的当前及过去值项来进行闭环系统极点配置,同时通过调节控制器中的设计参数可改进闭环系统动态性能,且能保证闭环系统无稳态输出误差。     

“T”型尾翼飞机的深失速特性研究

应用时间历程法讨论了“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速开环特性，分析了气动力矩特性和升降舵操纵规律对深失速改出特性的影响。建立了深失速闭环特性计算数学模型，分析了驾驶员数学模型参数变化对深失速特性的影响。研究结果表明，气动力矩特性，升降舵操纵规律和驾驶员模型参数的变化对“Ｔ”型尾翼飞机的深失速改出特性有显著的影响。     

Constant Voltage Digital Control of an AC Motor Positioning Servo

A theoretical approach is presented to digitally manipulating the drive frequency of an ac induction motor so as to allow the motor to be used in a closed loop positioning servo. Additionally, the basic power source can be a simple dc power supply such as a battery pack. A hardware demonstration of the loop is discussed which has achieved a convergence accuracy of a 0.3 mrad to a step input.     

基于DSP的UAV飞控计算机设计与半物理仿真

飞行控制计算机(FCC)作为飞行控制系统的核心，担负着多种任务。随着系统功能的日益增多，飞行包线的不断扩大，模拟式FCC已经越来越不能满足系统要求。针对目前FCC向数字式、智能化方向发展，本文利用高速DSP芯片，结合复杂可编程器件(CPLD)，设计出一种集高可靠性、高集成度、高精度于一体的新型FCC，最后在此基础上外加了数据采集卡组成闭环半物理系统，并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明，本文这一全新尝试完全可行，且应用前景将非常广泛。