短纤维增强铝硅合金中共晶硅形貌的SEM观察

利用挤压铸造制备了氧化铝短纤维增强铝硅合金复合材料，在sEM上观察了复合材料中的共晶硅形貌。结果表明，复合材料中的氧化铝短纤维可作为硅相非自发形核的衬底，并且在铝硅共晶体的共生生长过程中，可触发孪晶，导致纤维附近的共晶硅呈变质形态。     

Na,Sr和P对过共晶Al—Si合金星状初晶硅形核和生长的影响

在高纯原料配制的、以五瓣星状初晶硅形态为主的Ａｌ－２２％Ｓｉ高硅过共晶合金中加入少量的Ｎａ、Ｓｒ、Ｐ变质或细化元素，考察了它们对初晶硅形态的影响。研究分析表明，Ｎａ强烈抑制Ｓｉ原子团簇之间的五重孪晶凝并，破坏五瓣星状初晶硅自发形核，同时也影响初晶硅的生长过程。Ｓｒ基本不影响Ｓｉ原子团簇间的孪晶凝并形核，在初晶硅生长过程中嵌入界面并诱发孪晶。Ｓｒ主要影响初晶硅的生长过程。Ｐ促使初晶硅的自发形核，对其生长过程没有影响。     

铝合金ZL-101加锑变质

铸造铝合金凝固时,由于形成粗大的结晶硅,使合金机械性能恶化,为了改善合金的机械性能、对含Si>6％的铝硅合金都要进行变质处理;细化固溶体及初生硅,一般常用钠盐进行变质处理。由于钠盐变质作用有效时间短,只有40分钟,同时钠盐降低了合金的流动性,反应后生成氯化物对铁质坩埚有腐蚀作用,严重的降低了坩埚的使用寿命,而且清理     

电子束区熔定向凝固Nb基高温合金的组织和性能

研究了Nb-Si-Ti-Hf-Cr-Al-B-Y合金在电子束区熔炉上的定向凝固组织、室温断裂韧性和高温瞬时拉伸性能.合金的组织主要由Nb基固溶体(Nbss)、α-(Nb)5Si3和(Nb)3Si相组成.定向凝固后,初生Nbss枝晶以及Nbss α-(Nb)5Si3/(Nb)3Si层片状或棒状共晶团均沿着试棒轴线定向排列.当电子枪移动速率R=2.4 mm/min时,定向效果最好.定向凝固使合金在1250℃的拉伸强度及室温断裂韧性均显著提高.R=2.4 mm/min试棒的抗拉强度最高,达85.0 MPa,同时其室温断裂韧性也达到19.4 MPa·m1/2.     

铝硅共晶柱状晶凝固

 将强制凝固的理论和试验结果应用到铝硅共晶铸锭柱晶凝固过程,得到了共晶片间距同凝固速度、形核过冷间的关系。柱晶凝固时共晶片间距同平均凝固速度因子V~(-2/3)成正比,还同凝固时形核过冷密切相关,形核过冷增加使共晶片间距减小。文中讨论了影响形核过冷的诸因素和凝固组织均匀性问题。     

微晶钛合金薄板粉末包埋渗铝及铝硅共渗研究

采用粉末包埋法对电子束物理气相(EB- PVD)制备钛合金薄板在620℃分别进行6h渗铝及铝硅共渗,采用XRD、SEM等对EB- PVD制备钛合金薄板显微组织以及粉末包埋法渗铝及Al- Si共渗后的钛合金薄板显微组织结构进行研究.结果表明,微晶合金可以在620℃实现渗铝和铝硅共渗.渗铝层的相结构主要为Al3 Ti相,但由于渗层Al3 Ti相为脆性相,在渗后冷却过程中热应力的作用下,易产生裂纹.铝硅共渗层的相结构主要为Al3 Ti和Ti5 Si3相,由于Si存在渗层中,渗层中不存在裂纹.     

凝固冷速对铸造镍基高温合金K417G显微组织的影响

对铸造镍基高温合金K417G进行了不同冷却速率的凝固试验,并对凝固后的试样进行了光学金相和定量金相分析,研究了凝固冷速对合金显微组织的影响,通过线性回归的方法确定了平均枝晶间距与凝固冷速的关系.结果表明:凝固冷速增大明显细化树枝晶、MC碳化物和(γ γ′)共晶.冷速对MC碳化物的量影响不大,但对(γ γ′)共晶量有明显影响,过快和过慢的冷速都能引起(γ γ′)共晶量增加.K417G合金的平均枝晶间距(λ/μm)与凝固时冷速(V/℃·s-1)存在λ=85.1V-0.35的对应关系,根据该关系式可以通过测量铸件不同部位的平均枝晶大小确定该部位凝固时的冷却速率.     

高温度梯度定向凝固下Ni-NbC合金的组织演化

在温度梯度300K/cm和定向凝固速率5～20μm/s下,Ni-10.6wt%NbC合金以平界面方式凝固,当凝固速率达到50μm/s 时,合金凝固组织中出现共晶胞状组织.随定向凝固速率的增大,三叶状和点状形态的NbC相向条状NbC相过渡.当定向凝固速率从2μm/s跃迁变化到10μm/s时,Ni-10.6wt%NbC合金凝固组织仍然以规则共晶生长;而跃迁变化到50和100μm/s时,出现起伏较大的共晶胞状组织和初生相Ni枝晶的生长.另外采用速率跃迁变化可以细化恒定定向凝固速率下的组织,组织的细化是通过NbC相重新成核,使纤维间距减少进行的.     

锆氟酸钾处理ZL101合金

长期以来,钠(或钠盐)一直是铝硅合金用得最普遍的变质剂。但是,钠盐变质工艺复杂,而且存在容易失效(仅45分钟),吸气严重,浸蚀坩埚等缺点,所以,有必要寻找新的变质剂。我们从一九七六年开始改用锆氟酸钾对合金进行变质处理,取得了良好的效果。因为用锆氟酸钾变质不仅对合金有变质作用,而且有精炼作用。本文综述锆氟酸钾处理ZL101合金的试验和应用。     

Cu-1.0% Cr亚共晶合金定向凝固组织演化

在定向凝固下计算和比较了Cu-1.0%Cr亚共晶合金组织中各相的界面生长温度,结果表明当定向凝同速率大于5αm/s时,α-Cu相的界面生长温度高于共晶组织,α-Cu相会作为初生相首先析出凝固,从而难以制备出全耦合生长的共晶组织的复合材料,计算获得的结果与实验结果相一致.另外随定向凝固速率的增加,初牛胞状α-Cu相一次枝晶间距和尖端半径以及共晶组织的体积分数都相应地减少,其中α-Cu相一次枝晶间距实验结果与KF一次枝晶间距模型计算结果较为接近.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.