低密度气凝胶复合材料的火星环境适应性研究

针对航天器的使用要求,研制了密度≤30 kg/m~3轻质高效的二氧化硅气凝胶复合材料。针对深空探测的应用环境,对低密度气凝胶复合材料在不同条件下的热导率、热循环、热真空和电离总剂量等环境试验进行测试。结果表明,低密度气凝胶复合材料服役温度可达到-145～85℃,在1 kPa CO_2气氛下热导率可达到6.6 mW/(m·K)。获得了不同气氛和不同温度条件下以及同种气氛、不同压力条件下低密度气凝胶复合材料的热导率变化规律,并测试批次性材料热导率,结果表明批次热导率稳定性良好。热循环、热真空和电离辐照试验前后热导率和尺寸收缩率均未变化,表明低密度气凝胶复合材料在深空环境下保持良好的结构和稳定的隔热性能。     

柔性二氧化硅气凝胶综述

二氧化硅气凝胶具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积、低导热性等特点,但存在强度低、韧性差等缺陷.在此基础上,柔性二氧化硅气凝胶通过改进传统二氧化硅气凝胶的制备工艺表现出了更优的力学性能与适用性.本文综述了国内外柔性二氧化硅气凝胶的最新研究进展,分析对比了不同类型气凝胶的性能参数;重点介绍了柔性二氧化硅气凝胶常用的制备方法,...     

二氧化硅基复合材料加速时效技术

2011年10月27日,中国航天科技集团公司在北京主持召开了"二氧化硅基复合材料加速时效技术"项目的成果鉴定会。本成果针对二氧化硅基透波复合材料的自然失效处理不能满足天线信号调试周期及环境稳定性问题,提出了材料加速失效的介电性能及尺寸快速稳定的新方法,揭示了吸湿对材料介电性能和尺寸的影响规律,突破     

航天飞行器热防护系统及防热材料研究现状

随着航天技术发展,飞行器的飞行速度更快,服役环境更加恶劣,有效的热防护系统是保证飞行器安全飞行的关键系统之一。本文综述了被动防热系统、主动防热系统和半被动防热系统3类热防护系统在航天飞行器上的应用现状,重点介绍了金属基复合材料、碳基复合材料、陶瓷基复合材料、树脂基复合材料和气凝胶材料,5类防热材料在航天领域的应用发展情况,并提出了航天飞行器未来热防护的发展趋势。     

飞行器用透波材料及天线罩技术研究进展

介绍了国内外飞行器用透波材料及天线罩的发展现状及应用需求,分析了在不同飞行马赫数、飞行时间、频带、功能等特殊环境下材料的性能,在此基础上提出了飞行器透波材料及天线罩的发展方向。     

纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料的制备及性能

为了满足不同马赫数飞行器对透波材料提出的集透波、承载、防热、耐蚀、抗冲击于一体的性能要求,本文开展了不同耐热区间纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究。采用PIP工艺分别制备了氧化铝、莫来石、石英、氮化硅纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料,并对其介电和力学性能进行了测试与评价。结果发现莫来石纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗分别为4.1~4.2和1.0×10-2~9.7×10-3,抗弯、拉伸、压缩强度分别为95.12、34.95和80.92 MPa,具有最佳的综合性能。     

高温诱波材料研究进展

对高马赫数飞行器用高温透波材料的性能要求进行了评述,分析了不同体系高温透波材料的增强模式、力学性能以及电气性能。在此基础上,提出了高温透波材料的发展方向。     

一种中温透波自黏性树脂及复合材料性能研究

研制了一款中温透波自黏性树脂,对树脂的凝胶时间、流变性能等进行了测试,使用该树脂制备了中温透波自黏性玻璃纤维织物及石英纤维织物预浸料,对预浸料的物理性能进行了表征测试。研究了复合材料层合板的耐热性、力学性能和介电性能,结果表明复合材料玻璃化转变温度达148℃,具有优良的力学性能和介电性能,且在93℃时具有较高的力学性能保持率,满足使用要求。进行预浸料和蜂窝胶接,测试了试验件的剥离强度,结果表明滚筒剥离强度≥50N.mm/mm,树脂预浸料自黏性较好,夹层结构的滚筒剥离强度高,满足应用指标要求。与民机用典型进口预浸料体系CYCOM■7701/7781对比,两种复合材料室温干态及93℃干态层间剪切性能相当,ACTECH■1210/2221在耐热性与介电性能方面更具优势。     

新型改性氰酸酯及其复合材料性能

采用新型催化剂、增韧剂制得了一种改性氰酸酯树脂,对新型改性氰酸酯树脂的工艺性、耐热性、力学性能进行了评价,并对其复合材料的介电、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明新型改性氰酸酯树脂具有良好的工艺性,适合热熔法制备预浸料;树脂及其复合材料的力学及介电性能优良,可在180℃下使用,适合高性能透波材料和高频电路板使用。     

长尾喷管气凝胶隔热层结构设计

固体火箭发动机长尾喷管外围通常放置舵机等控制系统,为了满足控制系统的工作温度要求,设计了一种用于长尾喷管段的新型热防护复合结构。长尾段隔热层采用具有低热导率、低密度特点的二氧化硅气凝胶材料。首先建立了气凝胶材料热导率计算模型,并对高温环境气凝胶材料导热性能进行测试。随后结合气凝胶材料热导率计算,建立了长尾喷管的热防护复合结构模型,并对喷管热防护结构模型进行了瞬态传热分析和力学性能分析。结果表明,喷管热防护结构设计满足材料力学性能。在发动机工作20 s后气凝胶材料可以将喷管的长尾段外壳壁面温度控制在320 K以下。相较于传统的高硅氧酚醛隔热材料,气凝胶材料隔热效果表现更优,且可以有效减少喷管热防护结构的消极质量。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.