超声速串列转子三维流场数值分析

为了揭示超声速串列转子流场的流动规律,运用全三维粘性流场计算程序对超声速串列转子的流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,超声速串列转子可以实现激波增压和气流折转增压的联合应用。串列转子前后排叶片的相互干涉导致后排叶片前缘形成脱体激波,引入了一定的激波损失;前排叶片65%～75%叶高范围内近压力面低速流体区的存在一定程度上限制了后排叶片的增压能力;转子通道内叶尖泄漏流、通道激波和机匣附面层的相互作用造成转子前后排叶片叶尖处的气流落后角增大;串列转子出口静压的升高将削弱转子内结尾激波强度,提高转子气动效率。     

超声叶栅前缘处的脱体激波预测

为了准确预测超声叶栅前缘处的脱体激波,以Moeckel法为基础,通过分析和公式推导,构造叶栅前缘处的脱体激波模型.首先对Moeckel法进行改进,提高均匀来流条件下的对称脱体激波逼近精度;然后再将Moeckel法推广到均匀来流条件下的非对称脱体激波逼近;最后结合超声叶栅流动特征,给出叶栅前缘处的脱体激波模型.将所得模型用于3个超声叶栅,预测叶栅前缘处的脱体激波形状和位置,并将预测结果与CFD软件求解结果进行比较.结果表明:在均匀来流条件下,改进后的Moeckel法能更准确地逼近对称脱体激波,并可用于逼近非对称脱体激波;由超声叶栅脱体激波模型确定的脱体激波形状和位置与CFD求解结果一致性很好.      

具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰的数值模拟

采用雷诺平均N-S方程和B/L代数湍流模型计算了具有无源控制空腔时正激波/湍流附面层干扰流场。计算与实验结果的比较表明,本文方法可较准确地预测激波结构、激波与附面层干扰区流动基本特征及波后流动分离状态、激波位置、波前马赫数等参数。      

基于数值模拟的燃气舵轴向位置优化分析

为了优化燃气舵的安装位置,应用fluent软件对燃气舵三维湍流流场结构进行了分析,在此基础上就燃气舵安装位置对燃气舵流场的影响进行了数值模拟.通过数值模拟得到燃气舵在不同轴向位置、耳片长度和舵偏角下绕流流场的复杂波系结构,绘制了燃气舵在不同舵偏角下升力的变化曲线,给出了燃气舵可以提供的升力参量随舵偏角度变化的规律.通过分析,确定了燃气舵的轴向安装位置,数值模拟和实验结果相符.     

固体火箭发动机喷管燃气舵铰链力矩参变分析

以固体火箭发动机喷管燃气舵绕流流场为研究对象,采用数值模拟技术,通过离散求解流动方程及相关湍流模型方程,对包含舵基、舵片和发动机喷管在内的复杂流场进行了变参数分析,获得并揭示了舵基、舵片附近的流动现象和流动特点.验证了所引入的数值模拟方法的有效性,分析结果对舵基、舵片的结构安装以及控制机构的设计具有借鉴意义.     

高超声速安定面／舵面干扰特性研究

为了改善高超声速乘波体飞行器的稳定性及操作性,针对安定面／舵面组合体的绕流特性进行研究。通过数值求解RANS方程,对Ma=6时安定面／全动舵组合体关键参数对舵效的影响规律进行研究,并对流动机理进行分析。计算结果表明,安定面与全动舵间水平距离、垂直距离是影响舵效的关键参数。分析干扰流场可知,全动舵主要受到安定面尾迹、激波系及翼尖涡的干扰。其中,安定面尾迹对舵面干扰最大,故全动舵应尽量避开安定面尾迹。     

跨声速压气机转子流场特性的数值研究

为研究跨声速压气机转子在设计转速下的内部流场特性,探索其流动机理,考察激波位置及成因,利用三维数值模拟方法对其进行了数值研究。结果表明,该跨声速压气机转子在设计转速下高效工作范围较宽,喘振裕度约为27.15%。近堵塞工况时,转子叶片前缘出现一道脱体的弓形激波,转子叶片流道内也存在一道正激波,激波位置随背压升高向叶片前缘移动;最高效率工况时,叶片前缘叶尖相对马赫数达到1.5。近失速工况时,流道内正激波消失。转子叶顶间隙处存在强烈的激波与附面层及间隙泄漏流的相互作用,该处熵值随背压升高而增大,高熵区随激波前移而向转子叶片前缘移动。     

基于DDES的跨声速导叶中激波与边界层干涉机理研究

随着透平负荷的逐渐提高,为了分析导叶中出现的激波与边界层干涉的流动机理,需要使用高精度、高分辨率的求解器和先进的湍流计算方法以获取精细的流场结构。采用自主开发的混合RANS/LES求解器,对高负荷透平环境中激波与边界层干涉的流动现象进行研究。结果表明:跨声速流场中同时存在强激波和弱激波,弱激波可在作用位置附近导致熵生成率增大;强激波会诱导边界层分离,而分离区的存在使激波出现马赫反射现象。进一步对湍动能和流动损失进行了机理研究,发现在分离泡前湍动能较大,且湍动能的生成和对流占主导机制;在强激波后由强激波引起的熵生成率较大,且强激波前后区域流动损失主导因素不同。     

AUSM+格式的改进

为了提高AUSM 格式对流场计算中激波和剪切流的分辨率,减小数值振荡和激波后数值过冲问题,本文在原有AUSM 格式的基础上经过数值研究分析,对AUSM 格式进行了声速、特征马赫数的处理方式,对网格界面马赫数等进行了改进,并用改进后的AUSM 格式求解了含有脱体激波、斜激波、剪切流、膨胀扇、及湍流边界层等流动特征的复杂流动.经典型算例检验证实,改进后的AUSM 格式对激波和剪切流的分辨率得到了加强,求解的准确性和收敛性有一定的提高.改进后的AUSM 格式继承了原AUSM 格式优点,计算处理问题能力增强,可以有效地应用于亚声、跨声和高超声流动的工程实际问题中.     

跨声速轴流压气机的失速发展机理

为了研究跨声速轴流压气机由近失速工况发展为失速工况的动态演化机理,对跨声速轴流压气机转子NASA Rotor 37进行了多通道全三维数值模拟,着重分析了激波及前缘溢流对失速发展的影响。结果显示:在峰值效率工况下,叶片通道内存在一道斜激波;在失速工况下,斜激波演化为脱体激波。泄漏涡通过脱体激波后发生破碎,破碎的泄漏涡在向通道下游发展的过程中,受逆压梯度的影响,在通道中部形成一个明显的涡结构。在失速工况初期,由于泄漏涡的自维持现象,前缘溢流现象随着叶顶阻塞区的周期性发展而间歇性出现;随着流量的降低,通道阻塞程度逐渐增加,会出现前缘溢流一直存在的现象,这一特性可以作为流场开始急剧恶化的标志。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.