Exact Formulation of Window Functions for Analog Network Spectral Analyzers

An equation for the spectral window function for analog network analyzers is derived without assumptions on length of data interval available. The equation, given in terms of filter pole-zero locations for both the filter-bank and heterodyned-input type analyzers, can be programmed on a digital computer without difficulty. As an illustration, the "growth" of a spectral window with increasing length of available data is shown for a special case: a single-tuned circuit followed by a squaring circuit and perfect integrator. The error in using the usual approximation also is indicated. Use of the derived equation for quantitative comparisons of analog and digital analyzers is noted.     

一种新型数据记录仪的设计

为了满足现代飞行器多样化的测量需求,设计了一种新型数据记录仪,该新型数据记录仪在具备采集64路模拟信号和5路数字信号功能的同时,还能完成5 h视频图像的数字化编码、压缩和记录。本文对数据记录仪的主要技术指标进行了计算和论证,介绍了数据记录仪的电源模块、程序控制模块、异步数字量模块、信号变换及采编模块、图像压缩模块、存储及USB 2.0回放模块6个基本组成模块,对各组成模块的硬件设计和工作原理进行了详细分析。     

Radiometric detection of spread-spectrum signals in noise ofuncertain power

The standard analysis of the radiometric detectability of a spread-spectrum signal assumes a background of stationary, white Gaussian noise whose power spectral density can be measured very accurately. This assumption yields a fairly high probability of interception, even for signals of short duration. By explicitly considering the effect of uncertain knowledge of the noise power density, it is demonstrated that detection of these signals by a wideband radiometer can be considerably more difficult in practice than is indicated by the standard result. Worst-case performance bounds are provided as a function of input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), time-bandwidth (TW) product and peak-to-peak noise uncertainty. The results are illustrated graphically for a number of situations of interest. It is also shown that asymptotically, as the TW product becomes large, the SNR required for detection becomes a function of noise uncertainty only and is independent of the detection parameters and the observation interval     

Optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing

During flight, aircraft avionics transmit and receive RF signals to/from antennas over coaxial cables. As the density and complexity of onboard avionics increases, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment degrades proportionately, leading to decreasing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and potential safety concerns. The coaxial cables are inherently lossy, limiting the RF signal bandwidth while adding considerable weight. To overcome these limitations, we have investigated a fiber optic communications link for aircraft that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals (including RF) over a single optical fiber. Optical fiber has many advantages over coaxial cable, particularly lower loss, greater bandwidth, and immunity to EMI. In this paper, we demonstrate that WDM can be successfully used to transmit multiple RF signals over a single optical fiber with no appreciable signal degradation. We investigate the transmission of FM and AM analog modulated signals, as well as FSK digital modulated signals, over a fiber optic link (FOL) employing WDM. We present measurements of power loss, delay, SNR, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), and bit error rate (BER). Our experimental results indicate that WDM is a fiber optic technology suitable for avionics applications.     

噪声载荷作用下薄壁柱壳结构的随机振动响应的估算方法

给出了噪声载荷作用下薄壁柱壳结构随机振动加速度响应功率谱密度的计算公式和计算方法,并与实际测量获得的加速度响应功率谱密度进行了比较,计算的功率谱与实测的功率谱具有较好的一致性,说明这种估算噪声载荷作用下薄壁柱壳结构随机振动加速度响应功率谱密度的方法是合理可行的。用同样方法导出的Von Mises应力响应的功率谱密度及其均方值的计算公式,可直接用于疲劳强度分析。      

模拟式大气仪动态响应数字仿真

本文采用通用数字计算机对模拟式大气仪动态响应进行数字仿真,比用模拟计算机进行仿真要简单、方便,而且精度也较高。从仿真的计算结果可以尽快了解系统动态响应范围,能及时确定系统中各环节设计参数是否合理,以便进行修改设计。     

基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的舰船轴频电场信号检测

轴频电场是可在水下探测到的一种运动舰船特征物理场,由于海水的衰减作用,其信号十分微弱。文章提出了一种基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测方法。首先,利用小波包变换对观测信号进行多子带分解;然后,分别提取各子带信号功率作为检测特征量,使用浮动门限对其进行滑动检测。实测数据和仿真数据处理表明,该方法能够在较低的信噪比条件下有效工作,性能优于传统的功率谱检测方法。     

随机振动载荷作用下的结构疲劳寿命估算

介绍了随机过程功率谱密度(PSD)函数的特性,讨论了在各种不同随机振动载荷下应用有限元分析(FEA)获得的应力响应功率谱密度(PSD)函数寿命预测的公式,并设计出具有实际应用价值的、可用于飞机研制工作的结构疲劳寿命估算计算机程序(FORTRAN程序)。为说明寿命预测的实际过程,文中最后对某型号飞机减速板进行了结构疲劳寿命的估算。     

Modern microwave power sources

The primary advantages of electron tubes over solid-state devices are that they are usually more efficient and will operate at higher temperature. Therefore, they can be smaller, tighter and still dissipate the waste heat that, unavoidably, goes along with the production of high output power. It is no accident that a one-megawatt cw microwave tube (1340 horsepower) is about the same size as a 1250 horsepower internal combustion engine. An assemblage of transistors or integrated circuits would be a much larger maze of circuit boards, power busses, cables, combiners, fuses, heat sinks, and, probably, water pipes. Unlike the situation that pertains for signal and data processing in which Moore's law applies, and complexity and performance increase while size and cost decrease in secular fashion, the transmitter built one hundred years from now will be no smaller and no lighter than the one you build today, unless the active elements are more efficient or run hotter than present-day microwave tubes. At ultra-high frequencies and above, solid-state technology has little hope of providing either advantage. The laws of thermodynamics are not man-made and cannot be broken. Many signals, including both analog and digital TV, digital communications, and EW, have high ratios of peak to average power. The poor efficiency of some microwave solid-state devices in class-A or class-AB operation when compared to that of class-AB gridded electron tubes and TWTs with multistage depressed collectors has interfered with their acceptance as amplifiers of such signals in both commercial and military service at UHF and higher frequencies. In this paper, new data on the new kinds of microwave tubes will be presented with emphasis on their suitability for application in economical, high-reliability, high-performance satellites, and communications, electronic warfare, and radar systems     

Analysis of the Switched Self-Balancing Comparsion Radiometer

Analysis of the switched self-balancing comparison radiometer with coupling between the channels is given. The comparison source is a stationary, zero-mean white noise generator of known spectral density. An expression for the power spectrum at the output of the radiometer is derived. It is shown that measurement errors due to interchannel coupling can be corrected by phase switching. Radiometer sensitivity is also calculated. The switched version of the radiometer has been simulated at low frequencies and is under construction at X-band.     

Generation of Non-Gaussian Random Vibration Excitation Signal for Reliability Enhancement Test

During environment testing, the time histories of some dynamic environments follow non-Gaussian distribution. It is always assumed that the random vibration simulated follows Gaussian distribution, because the traditional digital random vibration control system can only supply the random vibration excitation signal of Gaussian. Yo simulate the real environment of product, a method is developed in this paper that can generate non-Gaussian random signal with specified power spectrum density （PSD）, skewness and kurtosis by shot noise. In this way, non-Gaussian random vibration can be produced on traditional electrodynamic shaker. It solves the problems of spectral valley and energy shortage in low frequency on omni-axis shaker. At last, the wavelet is used to analyze the non-Gaussian signal     

Detection of random signals via spectrum matching

Using a priori knowledge of the signal power spectral density (PSD), a spectrum matching approach which effectively utilizes the available signal spectral shape is developed for random signal detection. Two spectrum matching detector (SMD) structures, which are implemented by correlogram and periodogram, respectively, are examined. Theoretical calculation of their false alarm rates is derived and confirmed by simulations. It is also demonstrated that the proposed detectors outperform the standard periodogram, Bartlett method, and energy detector under constant false alarm rate (CFAR) condition for two different random signals.     

Synthesis and analysis of inductor-isolated switched-mode converter

A procedure is developed for the synthesis and analysis of complete classes of inductor-isolated PWM (pulse width-modulated) converters. The procedure is useful in the identification of converters in which the isolation inductors can be integrated with the rest of the inductors on the same magnetic structures. The information obtained from the procedure is useful in the selection of the converter most suitable for a given application and in the design of this converter with minimum component stresses, high power density, and low cost     

Statistical Analysis of Wide-Band Pseudorandom Matched Filter Sonars

A stochastic model of pseudorandom (PR) signals is adopted and a statistical analysis carried out of the velocity (i. e., Doppler) and acceleration tolerances of wide-band PR matched filter sonar systems. The reference functions for these correlation detection systems are considered to be time-compressed or time-expanded replicas of the transmitted signal. Results are derived for the case of a PR signal having a flat power spectral density over a finite bandwidth. It is shown that the velocity and acceleration tolerances are essentially independent of the signal bandwidth and that therefore the radar-derived expressions for the narrow-band tolerances can be extended to the wide-band sonar case. An interesting result is that the derived acceleration tolerance is approximately three times the widely used estimate that is based on the target remaining in the same Doppler channel over the integration time.     

基于功率谱密度的车削质量控制

重点探讨一种基于功率谱密度的车削质量控制方法,与目前较为成功的基于粗糙度的车削质量控制方法相比,它能充分利用实际轮廓的全部实测数据并将车削过程各要素对功率谱密度的影响明显地区分开。初步研究表明,该方法是一个很有前途的车削质量控制方法。     

再人飞行器脉动压力环境的分析与预测

本文分析了机动再入飞行器因非定常空气动力流动引起的物面脉动压力环境,并根据高超声速无粘流计算的表面压力分布,给出了一套预测各种脉动压力环境统计特性的工程计算公式。算例表明,预测的均方根脉动压力、功率谱密度和交叉功率谱密度与实验值是一致的。     

陀螺稳定平台数字稳定电路硬件设计与实现

针对某型陀螺稳定平台目前仍然采用模拟稳定电路的问题，设计了陀螺稳定平台数字稳定硬件电路。数字稳定硬件电路采用DSP处理技术、24位高精度AD采集技术及H桥功率放大技术。实验结果表明，该电路能满足各种性能指标要求。该电路的实现为后续自适应控制理论、数字化及智能化控制技术应用于陀螺稳定平台奠定了硬件基础。     

地震地面运动功率谱分析中自相关回归法的数学过程研究

本文扼要叙述了用于离散时程数据的功率谱分析的自相关回归法（ARM）的数学过程。本研究进一步确认了赤池氏提出的ARM在地震工程中的适用性。特别是该方法具有由少量随机数据可得稳定、光滑的功率谱密度函数的优点，从而，可以有效地用来研究地震地面运动的非平衡谱特性。本研究的成果对于高层建筑抗震设计有一定的参考价值。     

新型Σ-Δ多通道动态测试分析系统研究与实现

 动态测试与分析系统需要动态范围（DRN）大、信噪比（SNR）高,传统方法实现复杂且成本高。本文分析了Σ-Δ调制的动态特性,提出基于Σ-Δ ADC(模-数转换器)ADS1271,Σ-Δ DAC（数-模转换器）AIC23及浮点数字信号处理器（DSP）芯片TMS320C6713的新型高精度动态测试与分析系统,实现了多通道实时动态测试与分析,系统具有24位采集精度,8通道可级联基本模块,实时频率细化FFT（Zoom-FFT）、功率谱密度（PSD）等分析功能, 正弦、瞬态扫频、随机和冲击响应谱等信号源功能以及高速USB2.0数据传输功能。系统用于振动、冲击、噪声工程等测试与分析系统,可取代国外最新产品。     

Performance of Digital Implementations of an Adaptive Processor

The performance of a digital implementation of an Applebaum-Howells type adaptive processor is analyzed for both a limiter and nonlimiter configuration. The performance is evaluated in terms of steady-state residue power, using either a single-pole filter or a perfect integrator to smooth the output of the correlation mixer. The latter filter is the more commonly used for digital implementations. It is shown that when using the perfect integrator filter for both the limiter and linear digital implementations, the steady-state average weight vector equals the optimum weight vector. Thus, for this filter, the steady-state residue power is the minimum possible for either implementation. When using the single-pole filter, neither implementation achieves the minimum possible steady-state residue power. The relative performance of the two implementations depends upon the relative gain settings. When the gains are adjusted to give comparable servo stability for the design maximum jammer power, a reasonable criterion for digital implementations because of analog to digital saturation, the limiter configuration always has smaller steady-state residue power.