Jiaohe--An Ancient City

Jiaohe, an ancient city, is situated on a more than 30-metre-high soil hill and 10 kilometres away from the west of Tulufan. It was called by locals as ``Ya'erhetu,' which meant ``Ya'er City.' The hill used to be a small island in the river when Jiaohe was a capital city of the Cheshiqian State more than 2,300 years ago. In the Han Dynasty, the king of the Cheshiqian State harnessed the river. It flowed around the city and converged again. Hence the Jiaohe River. The hill was washed ou…     

Shanghai Street In France''''s Lille

Lille, capital of Northern Province in France, is an industrial city.As the tunnel crossing under the English Channel was completed in 1994, Lille has become a place linking London, Paris and Brussels as well as a site for European automatic navigation satellite facilities. The journey takes one hour by TGV from Paris Airport to Lille.     

Suzhou Garden

Suzhou has a long history and a great culture. Entering the city, you will think of the ancient cultural ruins in the New Stone Age, which were unearthed on the Chaoxie Mountain.Of the excavated were porcelains, 1,100 pieces of production tools and China's earliest textile equipment, which can date back to 7,000 years ago.Suzhou was already a city with rivers zigzagging downtown areas and riverside housing built in the ancient     

A Town Of Rivers And Lakes In My Dream Li Ronghua''''s Watercolour Paintings

I was born on the Yangtze River and went boating, cut reeds, caught fish and raised ducks when I was a child. As time goes by, my memory of childhood has been on the wane, but the river still reflects myself and history as a live mirror.In the past 20 years, I had chances to visit the towns of rivers and lakes in the south of the Yangtze River. I still remember the scene I saw at Wuzheng, Tongxiang City: a     

CIVIL AVIATION ECON.& TECH.Brief Introduction

Civil Aviation Economics and Technology (CAET) startedpublication in 1975,it was named Foreign Civil Aviation Science andTechnology at that time.In 1982,it changed name as Civil AviationEconomics and Technology,and was put on public distribution in1989;it was a comprehensive and professional magazine of CAACwhich was early put on public distribution.In recent years,thanks tothe concern,support and assistance of the leaders of CAAC,and thereading public and through the common efforts of all staffs of the     

Effect of nickel introduced by electroplating on pyrocarbon deposition of carbon-fiber preforms

In order to improve the deposition rate and microstructure of pyrocarbon, nickel was introduced by electroplating on carbon fibers and used as a catalyst during the deposition of pyrocarbon at 1000 C using methane as a precursor gas. The distribution of nickel catalyst and the microstructure of pyrocarbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman micro-spectrometry. Results show that nano-sized nickel particles could be well distributed on carbon fibers and the pyrocarbon deposited catalytically had a smaller d002 value and a higher graphitization degree compared with that without catalyst. In addition, the deposition rate of pyrocarbon in each hour was measured.The deposition rate of pyrocarbon in the first hour was more than 10 times when carbon cloth substrates were doped with nickel catalysts as compared to the pure carbon cloths. The pyrocarbon gained by rapid deposition may include two parts, which are generation directly on the nickel catalyst and formation with the carbon nanofibers as crystal nucleus.     

Efforts To Build Shanghai Into An Airport Hub

Shanghai is a city that boasts two civil international airportsin Mainland China.One is Pudong International Airportin the east of the city and the other is HongqiaoInternational Airport in the west.In order to suit the new pattern of``one city,two airports,'the Shanghai Airport(Group)Co Ltd was set up on May28,1998upon the approval of the Shanghai government to manage thetwo international airports.In the past years,the two airports have been adhering to theenterprise spirit of``working…     

WARM GREETINGS TO THE OPENING OF THE 18 TH CONGRESS, ICAS, BEIJING

The International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences (ICAS), proposed at the suggestion of the international distinguished scientist Dr. von Karman and supported by world-wide aeronautical circles, was established in 1957, and every other year a Congress has been held since 1958. This provides a supreme forum in international aeronautical science and technology. The ICAS in the past 35 years has been making remarkable contributions to the foster     

Experimental validation of a new morphing trailing edge system using Price – Païdoussis wind tunnel tests

This paper presents the design and manufacturing of a new morphing wing system carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity(LARCASE) at the ETS in Montréal. This first version of a morphing wing allows the deformation of its trailing edge, denote by Morphing Trailing Edge(MTE). In order to characterize the technical impact of this deformation, we compare its performance with that of a rigid aileron by testing in the LARCASE's price-Pa?doussis subsonic wind tunnel. The first set of results shows that it is possible to replace an aileron by a MTE on a wing, as an improvement was observed for the MTE aerodynamic performances with respect to the aileron aerodynamic performances.The improvement consisted in the fact that the drag coefficient was smaller, and the lift-to-drag ratio was higher for the same lift coefficient.     

Cooperation Needed

On August 12,, the MA-60, ordered by Sichuan Airlines, was put into formal operation oilthe air route of Chengdu-Nanchong-Chongqing. It meant that the domestic new generation regional aircraft is available for the commercial service.The regional aircraft manufactured by China has had its prosperity. Y-7 started its service inChinese air transport market 15 years ago, and in its hayday, there were over 80 Y-7s in operation,which made great contribution to China's civil aviation development…     

Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

More International Conferences To Be Held This Year

More friends will come to Shanghai as more than 70 international conferences and events will be held in the city. Some meetings will have more than 3,000 participants apiece, city government spokeswoman Jiao Yang said at a press conference.Some important international conferences will be held in Shanghai in April, including the Global Help-the-Poor Conference held by the World Bank and the 60th Annual Meeting of the UN Economy and Society Commission for Asia-Pacific (ESCAP).Jiao said VIPs, who will attend these conferences, will include UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and presidents of South Africa, Brazil and Tanzania to indicate the importance of these events.     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm's ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory's flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system(FMS). The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm(ESA), other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.     

Effect of temperature on corrosion behavior of 3003 aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol–water solution

The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of 3003 aluminum alloy in ethylene glycol–water solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) techniques. The surface characterization was observed and determined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). The results demonstrate that the anodic aluminum dissolution and the cathodic oxygen reduction were accelerated by the increased temperature. However, as temperature was over60 °C, the solubility and concentration of oxygen decreased, resulting in the inhibition of cathodic reaction. The cathodic reaction rate of 3003 aluminum alloy rose to the maximum at 60 °C. The Warburg impedance in Nyquist diagram diminished and then was replaced by a negative capacitance caused by the absorption of intermediate corrosion product on electrode. On the other hand,after potentiodynamic measurements, 3003 aluminum alloy suffered pitting corrosion. The dissolution of aluminum alloy around secondary phase particles expanded both horizontally and vertically.     

Feasibility study of autonomous orbit determination using only the crosslink range measurement for a combined navigation constellation

In order to expand the coverage area of satellite navigation systems, a combined navigation constellation which is formed by a global navigation constellation and a Lagrangian navigation constellation was studied. Only the crosslink range measurement was used to achieve long-term precise autonomous orbit determination for the combined navigation constellation, and the measurement model was derived. Simulations of 180 days based on the international global navigation satellite system(GNSS) service(IGS) ephemeris showed that the mentioned autonomous orbit determination method worked well in the Earth–Moon system. Statistical results were used to analyze the accuracy of autonomous orbit determination under the influences of different Lagrangian satellite constellations.     

Preliminary experiment on spontaneous ignition performances of cavity-based strut flameholder

The thermal-structural response and low cycle fatigue life of a three-dimensional (3D) channel wall nozzle with regenerative cooling were numerically investigated by coupling the finite volume fluid-thermal method, nonlinear finite element thermal-structural analysis and local strain methods. The nozzle had a high area ratio (nozzle exit area divided by throat area) under cyclic working loads. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel structural parameters such as channel width, channel height, liner thickness and rib width. Results showed that the integrated effects of three-dimensional channel structure and load distribution caused serious strain, which mainly occurred at the intersectant regions of liner wall on the gas side and the symmetric planes of channel and rib. The cooling effect and channel structural strength were significantly improved as the channel width and height decreased, leading to substantial extension of the nozzle service life. On the other hand, the successive decrease in liner thickness and rib width apparently increased the strain amplitude and residual strain of channel wall nozzle during cyclic work, significantly shortening the service life. The present work is of value for design of the channel wall nozzle to prolong its cyclic service life.      

Company Leaders To Inspect Service Work

Wu Nianzu, Party secretary, chairman and president of the Shanghai Airport Group Company, inspected the service work at Pudong Airport on August 28.A forum on service work was held with more than 90 persons attending, including Cao Huifang, general manager of the Shanghai Airport Co Ltd, and Zhu Jiyu, Party secretary of the company.     

A Successful Trial Flight On The Second Runway

China Eastern Airlines made a successful trial flight on the second runway at Pudong Airport on the afternoon of February 28by using an Airbus A340-300 aircraft, marking that the new runway, which was completed through two years of construction, can be put into service. The new runway will help ease off the flightjam which results from the shift of international,Hong Kong and Macao flights from HongqiaoAirport to Pudong Airport. It is a measure the citygovernment has taken…     

A new vibration mechanism of balancing machine for satellite-borne spinning rotors

The centrifugal force and overturning moment generated by satellite-borne rotating payload have a significant impact on the stability of on-orbit satellite attitude, which must be controlled to the qualified range. For the satellite-borne rotors＇ low working revs and large centroidal deviation and height, and that the horizontal vibration produced by centrifugal force is not of the same magnitude as the torsional vibration by overturning moment, the balancing machine＇s measurement accuracy is low. Analysis shows that the mixture of horizontal vibration and torsional vibration of the vibrational mechanism contribute mainly to the machine＇s performance, as well as the instability of vibration center position. A vibrational mechanism was put forward, in which the horizontal and torsional vibration get separated effectively by way of fixing the vibration center. From experimental results, the separation between the weak centrifugal force signal and the strong moment signal was realized, errors caused by unstable vibration center are avoided, and the balancing machine based on this vibration structure is able to meet the requirements of dynamic balancing for the satellite＇s rotating payloads in terms of accuracy and stability.