海洋一号卫星——我国蓝色国土的"守望者"

继我国海洋一号A星发射成功后,2007年4月11日,海洋一号B星又在太原升空,开始了服务我国海洋事业的辉煌航程。海洋一号B星的发射成功,将大大增强我国海洋水色遥感数据获取能力,进一步提高我国海洋观测水平,促进我国海洋事业的跨越式发展。     

发展海洋盐度卫星 完善我国海洋动力卫星观测体系

海洋盐度是海洋动力中最基本的要素之一,发展盐度观测卫星是获取海洋动力环境数据的重要手段,在海洋观测和数据预报中发挥着巨大的作用。文章分析了海洋盐度卫星的发展现状,阐述了海洋盐度卫星在海洋领域的应用,论述了我国海洋动力环境卫星体系的成就和不足,结合我国的发展需求,提出了发展海洋盐度卫星完善我国海洋动力环境观测体系的发展目标。通过探测海洋盐度要素,实现海洋动力环境全要素的综合探测,可为海洋环境信息预报和提取等应用提供不可或缺的数据源。     

空间主动光电遥感现状及发展

空间主动光电遥感技术在空间对地观测和深空探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景,探测对象包括地球和地外天体三维地形、地球植被垂直分布、大气气溶胶与云的垂直分布、大气温湿廓线、大气风廓线和特殊气体浓度等。为系统梳理空间主动光电遥感技术,综合分析了国内外空间主动光电高程探测载荷和大气垂直廓线探测载荷的发展历史和现状,提出了未来我国在多波束单光子三维地形探测、高光谱分辨率激光大气探测、差分吸收激光大气探测、激光掩星大气探测和激光海洋探测领域开展更深入研究的建议。     

国外海洋盐度与土壤湿度探测卫星的发展

文章调查研究了国外海洋盐度与土壤湿度探测卫星发展情况、探测机理;重点对SMOS、Aquarius、SMAP等三颗最具代表性的土壤湿度和海洋盐度探测卫星进行了研究分析,比对了三颗卫星的主要技术指标,并总结了其技术发展特点和关键技术;最后结合我国技术基础对发展我国盐度与湿度卫星提出了建议。     

天基海洋探测技术

天基海洋探测技术吴培中一、天基海洋探测技术发展过程世界上天基海洋探测技术的发展大致经历了三个阶段：第一阶段（１９６０～１９７０年）是空间观测海洋的探索阶段；第二阶段（１９７０～１９８０年）是气象／陆地卫星平台观测海洋的阶段；第三阶段（１９７８～１９９...     

发射短讯

我国发射环境-1A、B卫星,中国希望号奥运星2009年发射,我国嫦娥-1卫星再次通过月食考验,欧洲航天局发射地球重力场和海洋环流探测卫星,NASA将向“国际空间站”发射新装置,美新一代“猎户座”载人飞船将无法提前首飞,美第2次商业太空运载器发射试验失败……     

数字海洋对卫星合成孔径雷达的需求

数字海洋是数字地球的重要组成部分，21世纪数字海洋资源开发是一项十分重要的使命。因此必须利用合成孔径雷达及其它新系统、新技术和新方法探测、监测和开发海洋。本文论述了我国海洋国土资源开发的紧迫性及新的需求，并从海洋应用出发介绍发展我国自己的卫星合成孔径雷达的设想，对我国合成孔径雷达参数及卫星轨道参数提出了要求与建议。     

海洋目标探测卫星的通用效能模型初探

为有效构建海洋目标探测卫星体系，建立一套能对各类卫星的海洋目标探测效果进行分析与评估的通用效能模型非常重要。初步建立了以目标探测概率为度量的海洋目标探测卫星通用效能模型，可用于光学成像、雷达成像和电子侦察卫星等。模型考虑了影响目标探测概率的三类主要因素即观测区域与目标特性、卫星平台参数和卫星有效载荷特性，分析了卫星技术性能指标和作战性能指标的相互关系，可作为海洋目标探测卫星体系需求分析、顶层设计以及效能评估的依据。并以大型舰船为探测目标用仿真结果说明了模型的适用性。     

海洋二号卫星

海洋二号卫星是由中国空间技术研究院研制的我国首颗海洋动力环境探测微波遥感卫星,主要用于获取全球海洋动力环境参数,是海洋防灾减灾的重要监测手段。海洋二号卫星于2011年8月16日成功发射,2012年3月2日由中国航天科技集     

海洋一号A卫星技术性能与业务运行模式

一、概述2002年5月15日,我国成功地将自行研制的海洋一号A(HY-1A)卫星送入太阳同步轨道。自2002年5月29日开始HY-1A卫星正式下传海洋水色扫描仪与CCD成像仪所探测的数据,国家卫星海洋应用中心的北京、三亚地面站成功地接收到了第一轨HY-1A卫星遥感图像。国家海洋局与中国航天科技集团公司组织进行了在轨测试,对卫星与地面应用系统的各项功能进行了检验与验证,各项试验取得了圆满成功。该卫星境内外水色探测能力与灾害监测能力得到充分证实,已于2002年9月18日交付后投入业务化使用。在卫星与地面系统运行的一年多时间内,已获得我国渤海…     

发展中国航天海洋遥感技术的建议

20世纪 80年代末以来 ,中国就开始十分重视海洋遥感技术的发展 ,从 1987年起在FY - 1A卫星上就加上了海洋水色通道 ,发展到 2 0 0 2年发射了专门的海洋水色HY - 1A卫星 ;从地面的海洋反射率光谱仪的测量 ,发展到卫星上的水色、水温扫描仪 ;从简单的假彩色合成处理技术 ,发展到多要素、多功能的海洋要素提取和应用技术。总之 ,中国的海洋遥感技术在国际上已有了发言权和一席之地。但在以海洋卫星为主导的立体海洋监测体系 ,高精度分析与定量比测量 ,多平台监测数据同化和技术集成等方面与国际上先进国家比 ,还存在着差距。就以上方面的差距出发 ,文章最后提出了建立稳定运行的海洋卫星体系 ,必须从多方面入手 ,提高海洋遥感精度和开发同化技术研究的应用水平 ,提出了有效建议。     

Supercooled water brines within permafrost-an unknown ecological niche for microorganisms: a model for astrobiology

This study describes brine lenses (cryopegs) found in Siberian permafrost derived from ancient marine sediment layers of the Arctic Ocean. The cryopegs were formed and isolated from sediment ~100,000-120,000 years ago. They remain liquid at the in situ temperature of -10 degrees C as a result of their high salt content (170-300 g/L). [(14)C] Glucose is taken up by the cryopeg biomass at -15 degrees C, indicating microbial metabolism at low temperatures in this habitat. Furthermore, aerobic, anaerobic heterotrophs, sulfate reducers, acetogens, and methanogens were detected by most probable number analysis. Two psychrophilic microbes were isolated from the cryopegs, a Clostridium and a Psychrobacter. The closest relatives of each were previously isolated from Antarctica. The cryopeg econiche might serve as a model for extraterrestrial life, and hence is of particular interest to astrobiology.     

Alphabus卫星平台研制进展及技术特点分析

在欧洲航天局及法国国家空间研究中心的联合支持下,Astrium公司和TAS公司目前正在联合开发欧洲大型通信卫星平台Alphabus,作为对目前欧洲已有卫星平台Eurostar和Spacebus产品线的延伸。正常情况下Alphabus平台可以承载功率12～18kW,质量1500kg（最大）的有效载荷。文章主要介绍了Alphabus平台研制的背景、途径、进展情况及技术特点,并分析了对我国大型通信卫星平台研发的启示和借鉴作用。     

China-Venezuela Space Cooperation Benefits and Review

For the last 10 years,the Venezuelan aerospace industry has been constantly growing,and it is to be expected to continue in the same way in the future.China and its space industry,as the main partner for most of the ongoing Venezuelan space projects from their beginning,has been an important player in their development and may continue acting as one of the most important partners not only for the Venezuelan aerospace industry but also for other Latin-American countries' aerospace industries.ABAE(Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities) together with the related Chinese aerospace companies,with the guidance and help of CGWIC,has been constantly improving its cooperation methods,regarding technical work flows as well as management activities,especially for the latest's space projects under development,namely the CIDE(Venezuelan Design,Assembly,Integration and Testing Center) and VRSS-2(Venezuelan Remote Sensing Satellite-2) programs.Provided that there is a deeper and stronger cooperation in the future,partnership and friendship of the different scientists,experts and leaders from the space sectors of both countries,will be improved and strengthened for the development of both nations social welfare.     

卫星海色数据融合方法概述

阐述卫星海色数据融合的基本概念和优点,总结应用在海色遥感方面的数据融合方法,通过总结对比各融合方法的优缺点,探讨在海色融合中需要注意以及需要进一步改进的各问题。     

Radiolytic hydrogen and microbial respiration in subsurface sediments

Radiolysis of water may provide a continuous flux of an electron donor (molecular hydrogen) to subsurface microbial communities. We assessed the significance of this process in anoxic marine sediments by comparing calculated radiolytic H(2) production rates to estimates of net (organic-fueled) respiration at several Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 201 sites. Radiolytic H(2) yield calculations are based on abundances of radioactive elements (uranium, thorium, and potassium), porosity, grain density, and a model of water radiolysis. Net respiration estimates are based on fluxes of dissolved electron acceptors and their products. Comparison of radiolytic H(2) yields and respiration at multiple sites suggests that radiolysis gains importance as an electron donor source as net respiration and organic carbon content decrease. Our results suggest that radiolytic production of H(2) may fuel 10% of the metabolic respiration at the Leg 201 site where organic-fueled respiration is lowest (ODP Site 1231). In sediments with even lower rates of organic-fueled respiration, water radiolysis may be the principal source of electron donors. Marine sedimentary ecosystems may be useful models for non-photosynthetic ecosystems on early Earth and on other planets and moons, such as Mars and Europa.     

Communications transponder performance for Japanese Communications Satellite-2 and prospects for future systems

Communications transponder for the Japanese Communications Satellite-2 (CS-2a and 2b) to be launched into a geostationary orbit by N-II launch vehicle in February and August, 1983, has been developed. The transponder is provided with six-channel K-band ($\text{30}\text{20}\text{GHz}$) transponder including beacon transmitter, which operates in the highest frequency ranges ever utilized on an operational communications satellite, and two-channel C-band ($\text{6}\text{4}\text{GHz}$) transponder. Receiver front end of the K-band transponder consists of a direct mixer followed by a 1.8 GHz IF amplifier and provides 8 dB noise figure. 20 GHz output power is 4 W by final amplification at 5-W TWTA. C-band transponder provides 4 dB noise figure and 4.3-W output power. Key factors for future high capacity transponder are also presented.     

“中华卫星一号”及其海洋水色成像仪

介绍了中国台湾研制的“中华卫星一号”（ＲＯＣＳＡＴ－１）实验卫星的概况。较详细介绍该卫星上的海洋水色成像仪的构成、主要性能。给出了“中华卫星一号”及其海洋水色成像仪外形图和结构图。     

CFOSAT-1 Realizes First Joint Observation of Sea Wind and Waves

The Chinese-French Oceanic Satellite 1(CFOSAT-1) was successfully launched on October 29, 2018. The satellite was developed under cooperation between China and France. CFOSAT-1 realizes joint observation of sea waves and wind for the first time in the world. This paper introduces the background of the satellite, including application goals and the division of the project. The paper describes the satellite platform composition, the coverage and benefit of conducting joint observation as well as the working principle, structure and performance of the two payloads, SCAT and SWIM, and introduces the in-orbit observation results of sea wind and waves. The difficulties during the development, solutions and acquired experience for future international space cooperation are also introduced. Finally, the conclusion concerning CFOSAT-1's contributions to sea state forecast, marine and climate research, as well as its important role in the ocean dynamic environment detection system.     

步进电机在海洋一号卫星上COCTS中的应用

水色水温扫描仪(COCTS)是中国海洋一号卫星上主要的遥感器之一,其步进电机子系统以一种全新的在轨扫描方式成功实现了星载成像遥感,这在国内外尚属首次。为此,对COCTS采用的独特光学成像系统中的步进电机和相关技术作出重点阐述。