摩托车电控点火提前角实时推定算法研究(1)

摩托车未燃碳氢排放高是普遍存在的一种现象,而合理的点火提前角控制是降低未燃碳氢的有效方法。为了降低成本,作者对只利用一个传感器,实时确定点火提前角的算法进行了研究。作者在试验台架上测量了不同转速、不同工况下的曲轴转角信号,并采用集相平均和时间平均外推法对信号进行了处理,然后将预测结果与测量值比较,分析了不同算法对曲轴转角预测的准确性及计算所需成本。     

某四机并联试车推进剂供应特性研究

采用计算流体力学方法,对某型号发动机四机并联试车推进剂供应管路所采用的分流管组件在发动机稳态工况下的推进剂流动特性进行仿真计算,并对分流管组件在发动机启动过程所产生的瞬变流动特性进行分析。计算表明,采用分流管分流的四机并联试车各发动机入口速度场与压力场均匀,可以满足发动机启动过程管道瞬变流动的要求。试验结果证明,数值计算的方法可以对推进剂供应管路设计与改进进行有效指导,对试验结果进行预测。     

非均布瞬态内压作用下固体推进剂药柱泊松比随机结构分析

考虑了固体火箭发动机点火过程压力分布的瞬态非均布特性,并以函数形式进行描述,结合三维粘弹性有限元法,计算了固体火箭发动机点火工况下的结构完整性。采用Latin超立方抽样方法,考虑药柱泊松比的分布为截断形高斯分布,对药柱泊松比进行随机抽样;利用泊松比的随机抽样结果,分别计算固体火箭发动机点火工况下的结构完整性;统计计算结果,分析泊松比随机分布对固体火箭发动机在瞬态非均布载荷作用下的结构完整性的影响。计算结果表明,药柱Mises应变受泊松比随机分布影响较小,且应变值与泊松比成线性递增关系,这与均布载荷下得到的结论完全相反。在对固体火箭发动机点火工况进行结构完整性分析时,应充分考虑点火过程压力传播的瞬态非均布特性。     

膨胀循环氢氧发动机低压火炬的点火能量研究

针对膨胀循环氢氧发动机多次点火需求,采用氢、氧推进剂吸热着火和火炬燃气降温放热的假设,用热力计算方法从理论上分析了推力室采用火炬点火的能量问题。在考虑火炬燃气与推力室内的氧补燃后,富燃低压火炬点火器的点火能量能够满足推力室点火需求。研制了2种低压火炬点火试验系统,对膨胀循环发动机进行了17次点火试验,试验结果与理论分析结果相符,验证了补燃点火假设。     

冲击作用下推进剂变形的流固耦合分析方法

固体火箭发动机的点火过程是一个复杂多变的理化过程,具有时间短、升温、升压梯度大等特点。针对固体火箭发动机点火过程中的装药结构完整性问题,文中建立了一套用于分析冲击作用下固体推进剂变形现象的仿真模型。采用RANS和ALE方法,分别对流体域和固体域进行求解,以两场独立交叉耦合迭代的模式实现了仿真过程。以一个推进剂冷流冲击实验作为算例,对仿真模型进行了验证,计算值与测量值间误差不超过10%,仿真模型计算可靠,具有向固体火箭发动机实际点火过程拓展的价值。     

基于发动机试车时序的某钝感点火器燃烧时间可靠性评估

针对新一代火箭上面级膨胀循环发动机使用的钝感点火器,为评估点火器的可靠性水平,通过点火器验收试验获取的强烈燃烧时间数据和膨胀循环发动机试车获取的起动加速性数据,利用假设检验的方法证明发动机建压时间S和点火器强烈燃烧时间r都呈正态分布状态,根据概率统计理论,其差r-s也为正态分布。采用应力-强度分布干涉理论,分析计算点火器基于发动机试车时序的点火可靠性为0.999 970。根据本文的分析和计算,认为验收的点火器发火性能可靠,能够保证发动机建压的可靠性,点火器强烈燃烧时间能满足发动机系统要求。     

水下发动机点火设计试验

在固体火箭发动机技术应用到水雷动力装置研制中，为及时解决某水下发动机点火设计与试验，采取双药盒点火模式，对于点火药量的确定，结合理论计算，以及经验公式的估算后，与相类似的发动机进行比较计算，根据使用条件进行了修正，直接应用到全尺寸发动机地面试验。试验结果表明，发动机点火正常，能够保证药柱正常燃烧，发动机及时工作，工作压强与推力曲线完整、有效，点火一致性良好。目前采用的这种工程方法是可行、合理与有效的。     

低温状态点火瞬间固体发动机药柱结构响应分析

采用线粘弹性模型,针对固体发动机低温状态点火瞬间的推进剂相关力学特性对固体发动机药柱进行了低温状态点火瞬间的结构响应分析。点火瞬间的推进剂模量变化不大,对药柱的结构响应影响较小;而推进剂在不同状态下其泊松比并非一定值:低温状态下推进剂泊松比的值较小,点火升压下推进剂泊松比迅速增大至接近0.5,推进剂泊松比的微小变化对药柱的结构响应有很大影响。分别计算分析了低温状态点火瞬间推进剂泊松比为定值时与推进剂泊松比为非定值时的药柱结构响应仿真结果。分析结果表明,低温状态点火瞬间的药柱应变呈不断增高而应变率则逐渐降低;计算得圆管型模拟发动机的安全系数为1.48,这比推进剂泊松比为定值时计算得到的安全系数的值减小了13.5%。     

某固体火箭发动机药柱温度场有限元分析

为探索环境温度变化条件下固体火箭发动机药柱温度场的一种简单而有效的技术途径,利用有限元传热分析法,对某固体火箭发动机在温度循环条件下的燃烧室药柱温度场进行了研究。针对不同的药柱结构分别建立了二维和三维传热模型,通过对比计算值与试验测试值可知,与三维模型相比,二维传热计算方法可提高药柱温度场的计算效率,且计算结果与试验测试值吻合度较高,可满足试验预测要求。因此在工程分析中,为快速得到有效的分析结果,可采用二维传热模型分析发动机药柱温度场,其中二维无翼槽模型适于模拟药柱远离翼槽部位的温度场,二维有翼槽模型适于模拟药柱翼槽部位的温度场。     

PE燃料热解过程对H2O2-PE固液发动机点火的影响

通过85%H2O2-PE固液火箭发动机中含有液体层的燃料热解模型,计算了PE燃料的热解过程,分析了燃料热解过程对点火时间的影响,计算结果和试验值一致。H2O2的流量对点火过程起决定性作用,当氧化剂流量低于最小点火流量时,发动机将无法点火。     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。