四轴陀螺稳定平台分区离散变结构控制策略及优化方法

为了有效提高四轴陀螺稳定平台伺服系统全姿态控制精度,针对变结构分区控制过程中台体大角度晃动问题,提出一种优化的四轴陀螺稳定平台控制回路分区离散变结构控制策略。在分析四轴平台框架系统运动学方程的基础上,给出了随动式分区离散变结构控制策略,通过分析执行机构与被控角速度之间的相关程度,对随动式分区离散变结构控制策略进行优化。为了进一步减小变换区域时的切换扰动,在随动式分区离散变结构控制基础上提出一种稳定式分区离散变结构控制方法,对变结构区域进行了整合和优化,有效避免了运动状态在不同区域之间切换造成的台体晃动。仿真结果表明,随动式分区离散变结构控制策略优化前后相比,X 方向台体晃动角速度减小63.5%,Y 方向台体晃动角速度减小84.5%;稳定式分区离散变结构控制策略优化前后相比,X 方向台体晃动角速度减小29.0%,Y 方向台体晃动角速度减小57.3%,有效减小了平台台体在变结构控制切换过程中的晃动,提高了控制精度。     

一种高精度角速率圆锥补偿算法

以角速率信号作为算法输入时,采用以往常用的圆锥补偿算法,算法误差明显增大.鉴于光纤陀螺角速率信号可以直接获取,提出了一种以角速率信号作为圆锥补偿算法输入的新补偿算法.在姿态更新周期内,以光纤陀螺角速率信号作为输入,求得陀螺角速率输出的表达式,结合旋转矢量微分方程,推导出新圆锥补偿算法表达式,然后以算法漂移误差最小对新算法进行优化.采用规则进动、典型的圆锥运动以及有噪声干扰的圆锥运动作为测试输入,通过与传统算法的对比,新算法计算量低、计算简单方便,算法精度高.新算法的提出为高动态环境下光纤陀螺捷联系统的姿态误差补偿提供了一个新的思路.     

三轴气浮台自动调节平衡和干扰力矩测试

三轴气浮台是在地面模拟卫星姿态运动的支撑平台. 为有效进行卫星地面模拟仿真, 模拟卫星在外层空间的小干扰力矩力学环境, 首先分析气浮台扰动力矩, 针对重心相对于回转中心存在漂移时产生静态不平衡, 及主惯性轴相对于回转轴存在漂移时会产生动态不平衡的问题, 采用先手动平衡再自动平衡的方法, 调节气浮台平衡; 然后给出三自由度气浮台自动平衡动力学方程, 在平衡调整基础上, 用有效的测试手段测试气浮台的台体水平度、静不平衡力矩、干扰力矩等, 为小卫星姿态控制系统的仿真提供一个有效的、精确的实验平台.      

圆柱壳体振动陀螺的力平衡控制

圆柱壳体振动陀螺是基于弹性驻波的哥氏效应测量载体角速度或角度的新型振动陀螺,具有精度高、体积小、结构简单、功耗低等优点,因此是捷联惯性导航系统的理想陀螺仪。工作在力平衡模式的圆柱壳体振动陀螺输出角速率信息,噪声特性好、漂移误差易补偿、分辨率高。文章首先对力平衡模式下的频率跟踪回路、幅度控制回路、正交控制回路、力平衡控制回路等四大控制回路基本原理进行介绍。其中,频率跟踪回路与幅度控制回路一起构成陀螺主模态控制回路,负责系统的频率与幅度控制;正交控制回路与力平衡控制回路一起构成敏感模态的控制回路,负责系统正交误差的抑制、敏感模态的抑制以及角速率信息的提取。最后实现了力平衡模式下的陀螺闭环控制仿真。     

三轴陀螺稳定平台伺服回路全姿态解耦及变增益控制方法

在载体大机动飞行背景下,要求惯性平台具备全姿态的功能。国内现有的三轴陀螺稳定平台（简称三轴平台）不具备全姿态的功能,在内框架增加了限位挡钉以限制内框架角的工作范围,主要是基于内框架角不能工作在接近于?90?的认识。为了准确描述全姿态条件下三轴平台的运动规律,本文指出了传统动力学推导过程中的不足之处,重新建立了三轴平台的动力学模型,基于该模型给出了非奇异的全姿态伺服回路并提出了一种新的全姿态解耦方法,包括力矩解耦和转动惯量解耦。最后,针对转动惯量在框架转动过程中非定值的问题,提出了基于H∞控制理论的变增益控制策略。仿真结果表明,变增益控制器相对定常参数控制器可显著改善三轴平台伺服回路控制的性能。     

MEMS陀螺随机漂移在线补偿技术

为了提高微机电系统(MEMS,Micro Electro Mechanical System)陀螺测量的精度,提出了一种陀螺随机漂移的在线补偿方法.在静态时在线建立随机漂移的自回归滑动平均(ARMA,Auto Regressive Moving Average)模型,并针对随机漂移模型随时间慢变的特性,引入虚拟噪声补偿技术加以补偿.针对载体运动状况的未知性,建立机动角速率模型.在此基础上采用自适应卡尔曼滤波技术对随机漂移和角速率进行实时估计.通过试验表明:随机漂移模型、角速率模型以及滤波算法能够满足姿态测量系统的动态应用需要,且姿态测量精度较补偿前有了显著的提高.     

角速率输入下圆锥补偿算法的一般形式

传统圆锥补偿算法直接应用于由速率陀螺组成的捷联惯导系统时,算法误差明显增大.为抑制算法误差,提出了一种以角速率为输入信号,任意子样数圆锥补偿算法(包括改进算法)的一般形式,并在典型圆锥运动条件下以算法漂移误差最小为优化准则,推导了相应的圆锥补偿系数方程和算法误差表达式.利用给出的公式,求解一个线性方程组即可得到圆锥补偿系数,可方便快捷的设计任意子样数的角速率圆锥补偿算法以及改进算法.仿真结果表明,所设计的改进算法比同子样数常规角速率圆锥补偿算法在精度上有明显提高.      

动力调谐挠性陀螺倍频振动的力学分析

本文试图利用简便的分析方法给出多平衡环动力调谐陀螺的动力调谐条件和消除驱动轴具有二倍频角振动输入所引起的误差力矩的条件。作为特例,对当内外扭杆平面和驱动轴不正交时的单环挠性陀螺给出了动力调谐条件,以及驱动轴作二倍频角振动对陀螺漂移的影响。      

系泊状态下舰载导弹自主式初始对准研究

风浪波动及人员走动等因素给系泊状态下舰载导弹的初始对准带来困难,同时惯性测量组件安装位置与船体摇摆中心不重合所引起的杆臂效应误差又严重影响对准精度.为了解决问题,采用参数辩识法来提取姿态角误差时间二次多项式中的诸系数,从而确定陀螺漂移及姿态角误差,并提出一种在摇摆基座上补偿捷联惯导杆臂效应误差的有效方案.理论分析和仿真计算结果表明:该捷联式自主初始对准方案能有效的解决系泊状态下舰载导弹的初始对准问题.     

集成式随动装置目标引导信息动态校准方法研究

光电对抗系统在机动状态下搜索和跟踪目标时,必须用位置陀螺代替码盘来确定目标方位角。但是,由于搜索轴陀螺存在漂移和累积误差,导致跟踪转台按照引导信息调转到位后目标无法进入跟踪视场,而且陀螺的漂移和累积误差是随时间和温度非线性变化的,很难直接进行修正。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种对引导信息进行间接动态校准的方法。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。