行星着陆自主导航与制导控制研究现状与趋势

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制技术是行星着陆过程的核心技术之一,关系到行星着陆任务的成败。本文基于未来火星和小天体着陆对自主导航与制导控制技术的发展需求,阐述了进一步开展自主导航与制导控制研究的必要性,围绕行星着陆过程环境特点,分析了自主导航与制导控制技术所遇到的挑战,随后概括了行星着陆自主导航与制导控制所涉及的关键技术,并综述了关键技术的研究现状。最后对我国未来行星着陆探测自主导航与制导控制技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

火星科学实验室着陆系统全过程GNC技术分析

基于经典火星探测任务的数据对比,以美国最近实施的火星着陆探测器"火星科学实验室"为例,对着陆全过程的导航、制导与控制(Guidance Navigation Control,GNC)系统情况进行了深入的分析和研究,对其中的关键技术进行了系统阐述。基于目前技术和发展方向,总结了典型的探测器着陆方式的研究现状,并对未来火星探测着陆段提出展望。可为中国火星以及其他行星的探测任务方案的设计与论证提供参考。     

高超声速滑翔飞行器再入段制导方法综述

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入飞行段,回顾了制导技术的发展历程和研究现状。建立了高超声速滑翔飞行器运动模型,并分析了再入段的路径约束、终端约束和地理约束。将再入制导方法分为三类：标准轨迹制导方法、预测-校正制导方法、混合制导方法,分别对研究现状进行了综述。然后,专门针对侧向平面制导方法进行了讨论和分类,根据飞行任务不同分为了常规约束的制导问题与附加地理约束的制导问题两类。最后,对再入制导方法进行了总结,并结合未来高超声速滑翔飞行器的任务需求,展望了再入制导技术的发展方向。     

基于阻力跟踪的火星大气进入段非线性预测制导律设计

针对火星探测任务大气进入段的高精度着陆问题,提出一种基于阻力跟踪的非线性预测制导策略。基于火星探测器大气进入段的三维运动模型,综合考虑探测器气动参数摄动、火星大气密度摄动、外部扰动以及进入时刻状态初值不确定性,设计了基于优化思想的非线性预测制导律,并对所提出的制导方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明:非线性预测制导律在满足控制约束的条件下可以获得较高的着陆精度。     

嫦娥-3实现中国首次落月探测

2013年12月2日01：30：00：34,我国用长征-3B/G（长征-3B改进型）运载火箭在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射了嫦娥-3落月探测器。这是我国探月工程二期-落月探测的最关键一步。它于12月14日在月面着陆,首次实现了我国对地球以外天体的软着陆及巡视勘察任务,这也是美国“阿波罗”计划结束后世界上重返月球的第1个软着陆的探测器,并使我国成为世界第3个掌握落月探测技术的国家。12月13日,月球车与嫦娥-3着陆器分离,踏上月面。同日,着陆器与月球车互拍,它标志着嫦娥-3任务取得圆满成功。     

月球车野外试验场建造因素分析

1前言
　　月球车是嫦娥-3探测器的重要组成部分。它是能适应月球环境,携带科学仪器在月面移动,完成探测、采样、运载等任务的航天器。这是一类特殊的航天器,不同于传统的卫星、飞船。在着陆月面之前,月球车是着陆器的有效载荷,着陆后是独立、完整的移动探测器。为此,在上天前它要进行野外试验。
　　中国月球探测工程分为三期：绕月探测,落月探测,采样返回探测。嫦娥-3任务是探月工程二期关键的一步,主要目标是实现月球软着陆探测与月面巡视勘察,将突破月球软着陆、月面巡视勘察、月面生存、深空测控通信与遥操作。     

基于燃料最优解的火星精确着陆制导策略研究

针对火星着陆任务高实时性和低燃耗的需求,提出了一种新的基于开环燃料最优解的精确着陆制导策略。通过分析开环燃料最优解特性,设计了利用发动机推力幅值切换处的状态作为路径点结合最优线性制导律进行分段制导的制导策略,在无需存储全部燃料最优轨迹的前提下,实现具有近燃料最优特性的着陆任务,节省了大量的存储空间。同时详细讨论了包括全局燃料最优解获取、路径点提取、路径点拟合等一系列关键问题,并通过典型火星着陆场景的大量数学仿真验证了所提出策略的可行性和优越性。     

月球软着陆动力下降制导控制技术综述与展望

未来的月球着陆任务将着力于开发月球资源、建立月球基地,这些都离不开月球软着陆技术的支持;而要实现探测器在预选点安全精确地着陆,就离不开动力下降制导控制技术的支持。本文系统地总结了两种成功的月球软着陆及其制导方式,对已有的制导控制方案及其研究进展进行了详细的阐述和对比分析。以未来的月球采样返回和月球基地任务为潜在工程目标,对下一代的月球软着陆动力下降的制导控制及其所涉及的关键科学技术问题进行了比较全面的分析和展望。     

2021年中国航天十大新闻

1.中国首次火星探测任务取得圆满成功 5月15日,天问一号探测器成功着陆火星,我国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得成功.中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平致贺电.天问一号探测器着陆火星,迈出了我国星际探测征程的重要一步,实现了从地月系到行星际的跨越,在火星上首次留下中国人的印迹,是我国航天事业发展的又一具有里程碑...     

我国首次火星探测任务

我国首次火星探测任务于2016年立项实施。综合介绍了国际火星探测的历史和现状,我国首次火星探测任务的工程目标和科学目标、总体技术方案、关键技术难点、预期创新成果。我国首次火星探测任务将通过一次发射,实现火星环绕和着陆巡视,对火星开展全球性普查和局部的精细探测,推进火星地形地貌与地质构造、土壤特征与水冰分布、表明物质组成、大气电离层和气候环境、物理场与内部构造等方面的研究。实现火星探测任务目标,针对火星探测面临的各种特殊环境,需突破长期自主管理与控制等8类关键技术,取得的一系列创新成果,将为我国建立独立自主的深空探测基础工程体系,掌握深空探测基础共性技术,形成开展深空探测的基础工程能力。     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。