Detection of chi-square fluctuating targets in arbitrary clutter

In a recent paper, general expressions were derived for the density and cumulative probability functions of the amplitude of a linear matched-filter output given a nonfluctuating target in a clutter-limited environment. These expressions were based on the clutter amplitude density function. The results are extended to calculate the cumulative probability function of the output of a linear matched filter used to detect a chi-square fluctuating target in a clutter-limited environment. The resulting method is applied to a common radar clutter model, and experimental sonar data.     

Noncoherent Detection of Sinusoidal Signals in Sinusoidal Clutter

Probability density expressions associated with the noncoherent detection of a sinusoidal signal have been obtained. The signal is assumed to be imbedded in sinusoidal clutter at the same frequency and narrow-band Gaussian noise. The density expressions are shown to be a function of the signal-to-noise power ratio and the clutter-to-noise power ratio. The expressions have been numerically evaluated for a number of conditions, and the results under each reception hypothesis are presented graphically. Under large-sample conditions, the probability density for a multisample test statistic is shown to be Gaussian, and the probability of detection expression is written such that commonly available tabulated data can be utilized to determine the probabilities.     

圆突-矩形波导中截止波长及场的近似解

 介绍用边界元素法计算圆突－矩形波导的截止波长的过程和表达式，根据场分量满足理想金属波导壁的边界条件构造场的一种近似解通用表达式，结合变分法确定公式中幂函数的实指数，得到主模场结构的具体公式。在x波段对不同波导尺寸，利用文中公式计算了截止波长、幂指数常数。     

铆钉连接件细节应力分析及疲劳裂纹形成寿命预估

 首先建立简化的力学模型模拟复杂的铆钉连接件结构,并用有限元软件对所建立的模型进行细节应力分析。然后利用损伤力学守恒积分原理得到计及损伤耦合效应的集中应力表达式。在此基础上,根据由热力学原理导出的以损伤驱动力表示的损伤演化方程,给出裂纹形成寿命与载荷关系的解析表达式。进一步,按照某种材料的部分标准试件的中值疲劳曲线拟合损伤演化方程中的材质参量,并利用同类材料的其他标准试件的中值疲劳曲线进行寿命预估方法验证。最后,给出了国产某型客机危险部位具有不同存活率的疲劳裂纹形成寿命。     

Clutter Spectra of Low PRF AMTI Pulse-Doppler Radar

Approximate expressions are derived for the video clutter spectra in the receiver of a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF), airborne moving target indicator (AMTI), pulse-Doppler radar for both step-scanning and continuous-scanning antennas. The receiver is assumed to process the received waveform with a clutter-tracking oscillator and a window function is employed to obtain short-term spectra. Except for the broadening effects of the window function, it is shown that the clutter spectrum can be simply related to the antenna voltage-gain pattern. It is further shown, in the scanning antenna case, that the combined spectral broadening due to platform motion and antenna scanning cannot be assumed to be the result of the convolution of the separate effects unless the antenna gain pattern has a Gaussian shape. The approximate clutter expressions are illustrated by examples and are shown to agree well with the results of computer calculations.     

考虑承载面最大位移约束的结构拓扑优化方法

在实际工程问题中,存在着一类承受分布力载荷作用的工程结构。为了实现此类结构的刚度设计要求,提出限制承载面变形的拓扑优化设计新模型。模型采用KS包络函数对承载面节点位移进行凝聚化处理,并推导了相应的伴随方程和敏度表达式。遵循独立连续映射法建模方式,采用一阶和二阶泰勒展开分别得到约束函数和目标函数的显式表达式。由此将优化问题转换为一系列标准二次规划子问题,采用序列二次规划算法进行高效、稳健求解。通过二维、三维数值算例验证了提出模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明,所提出的列式和相应的优化求解算法能有效控制结构局部区域的最大变形量。     

Analytical Steady-State Solution for a Continuous Time Kalman Filter

Analytical expressions are given for the steady-state solution to a continuous time Kalman filter for a two-state model where both states are measured. The solution is obtained by a limiting operation on the known solution for the corresponding discrete time case. The solution is visualized in two graphs. The filter transfer function is also given.     

Receiver operating characteristics for the coherent UWB randomnoise radar

An ultrawideband (UWB) random-noise radar operating in the 1-2 GHz frequency band has been developed and held-tested at a 200 m range at the University of Nebraska. A unique heterodyne correlation technique based on a delayed transmitted waveform using a photonic delay line has been used to inject coherence within this system. The performance of this radar, assuming a point target, has been investigated from a statistical point of view by developing the theoretical basis for the system's receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Explicit analytical expressions for the joint probability density function (pdf) of the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components of the receiver output have been derived under the assumption that the input signals are partially correlated Gaussian processes. The pdf and the complementary cumulative distribution function (cdf) for the envelope of the receiver output are also derived. These expressions are used to relate the probability of detection (P_d) to the probability of false alarm (P_f ) for different numbers of integrated samples, and the results are analyzed     

Probability of Anomaly Expressions for Random Waveform Registration

Registration by integral-square error correlation of one-dimensional discrete-time waveforms which are treated as random processes with specified autocorrelation functions is considered. An important design parameter for this class of problems is the probability of anomaly (a false dip in the correlation function) because it gives an indication of system immunity to gross registration errors. Explicit expressions for this parameter are not possible, so bounds and appoximations must be derived. Two upper bounds and an approximation for the probability of anomaly are derived here. The use of these expressions is illustrated by an example. The relative utility of these performance indicators is shown for the example by comparison with actual values of the probability of anomaly obtained by computer simulation.     

Explicit formulas for two state Kalman, H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// target tracking filters

The continuous time, two state, target tracking problem is considered from the Kalman, H/sub 2/, and H/sub /spl infin// filter viewpoint. While previous treatments were numerical in nature, analytic transient responses and infinite horizon solutions with analytic performance expressions are presented here. Tracking indices, involving the maneuver and measurement uncertainties, are shown to have a role for both the steady state and transient responses. In addition, the H/sub /spl infin// tracker has a sensor index involving the performance bound and measurement uncertainty, which, along with the tracking index, plays a significant role in the H/sub /spl infin// tracker expressions. Analytical expressions for the probability of target escape, the probability that the target position will be outside the radar beamwidth (BW), are developed not only to compare the performance of various trackers, but also as a design tool to meet tracking specifications. Examples illustrate the performance of the target trackers as a function of the error gain upper bound.     

基于Simulink?的复合衰落信道仿真与分析

基于Simulink平台建立了Rayleigh-Lognormal、Ricean-Lognormal、Nakagami-Lognormal复合衰落信道的仿真模型,这些模型可用于进行单频组网的DRM系统的设计和性能分析。给出了各种复合衰落的概率密度函数、累积分布函数、平均电平交叉率、平均衰落时间的统一表达式。仿真结果验证了理论分析结果的正确性。     

Rectangular-Wave Modulation

Rectangular-wave modulated pulse lengths are expressed as a function of the modulation index. The theoretical expressions are experimentally verified. An experimental measurement of signal-to-noise ratio for rectangular-wave modulation confirms the theoretical analysis. Jelonek's signal-to-noise ratio formula for pulse-length modulation is also found applicable to rectangular-wave modulation. It is concluded that rectangular-wave modulation is closed-loop pulse-length modulation.     

涂敷目标RCS数值分析与并行计算研究

进行了矩量法在计算涂敷目标雷达散射截面方面的研究.详细推导了将RWG基作为基函数时,任意涂敷目标的电磁流方程表达式.鉴于矩量法计算量过大,耗时太长,使分析与优化遇到实质性的困难,结合RWG基函数特点,在对具体的矩阵方程求解时采用了并行处理.通过计算结果和精确结果对比,证明了此种方法的准确性和有效性,同时并行方法的使用大大降低了计算时间.     

基于聚类状态主控边界点的单调多态关联系统可靠性分析

鉴于组成系统单元的多状态单调关联性特征,将多元离散函数理论引入描述系统状态结构函数,发展了控制状态等价类主导状态向量的状态等价类主控边界点的逻辑方法,推导了多态单调关联系统的状态结构函数、可靠性和期望状态表达式;面向顾客的需求偏好,将负效用函数嵌入系统平均性能效用模型;鉴于元件状态引起的计算复杂性,提出了集合运算的德摩根律法和新型的框图式算法,简化了系统可靠度的表达式。结合某型航空发动机的简化演算,验证了主导等价类向量方法和框图算法的合理性与有效性,为工程系统的可靠性设计和可靠性管理提供理论依据。     

Improved energy normalization function in rocket motor stability calculations

This work details the derivation of the energy normalization function which arises in motor stability calculations. It starts by identifying the flow parameters that appear in Kirchoff's expression defining the acoustic energy density in a given enclosure. Special care is taken to account for the rotational contributions due to unsteady chamber vorticity. Subsequently, these flow parameters are inserted into the energy normalization function and perturbed to the leading order. The resulting expressions are simplified and asymptotically integrated to obtain the average value of the energy normalization function. This procedure is repeated for two basic geometries pertaining to the circular-port and slab rocket motors, respectively. Our results demonstrate that inclusion of unsteady rotational flow components is critically important for the accurate assessment of energy. We also find that the conventional one-dimensional approach is lacking because it omits unsteady rotational contributions. It under-predicts the energy normalization function by 25% in each of the circular and slab motor cases.     

微镜单元的设计与加工工艺研究

详细介绍了微光学电子机械系统MOEMS领域的用于光学信号调制的微镜单元，分析了该微镜单元的工作原理及结构，推导了动态方程的有关参数，给出了仿真结果。首次提出了该结构前两阶频率的表达式，并与相应的有限元模态分析结果进行了比较。本文还对微镜的加工工艺作了简要介绍。     

Switching in sequential tree networks

Recursive analytical expressions for speedup and solution time for a multilevel tree sequentially processing a divisible load under cut through switching are developed. Such cut through switching is shown to be more efficient than store and forward switching. Aerospace applications include sensor networks, radar, and satellite imagery processing.     

用于结构优化的一种新的两点近似函数

提出一种基于两点信息的近似函数,它在当前设计点能够保证原函数的函数值、一阶导数值和近似二阶导数值;在另一设计点保证原函数的一阶导数值。用该近似函数形成结构优化原问题的序列近似问题,再用约束变尺度法解近似问题。通过典型算例的计算,结果表明本方法具有较好的收敛性和较高的计算效率,适用于结构优化问题的求解     

Detection Performance of Soft-Limited Phase-Coded Signals

General analytic expressions are developed for the soft-limited digital pulse compressor (matched filter). This theoretical development is then used for the hardware realization of a two-channel (I,Q), 3-bit-limited digital pulse compressor with a compression ratio of 255: 1. The realized hardware uses state of the art integrated circuit devices. An experimental laboratory setup is described. This setup is used to study hard-limited versus 3-bit-limited matched-filter performance characteristics with the data in the following areas: 1) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) characteristics as a function of threshold settings and noise levels; 2) single target detection characteristics as a function of input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); and 3) two target performance characteristics: a) the amplitude of a weaker target as a function of target ratio and target overlap; and b) the detection characteristics of a weaker target as a function of weaker target SNR, strong target SNR, and target overlap.     

Adaptive Detection Probabilities for Fluctuating Target Models in Nonhomogeneous Gaussian Noise

Under the assumption that the average noise power may vary from cell to cell, new, more easily computed expressions are given for the probability of detecting a fluctuating target by means of a cell-averaging CFAR test. The generalized chi-square family of fluctuating targets is considered with the Swerling I and III models given as special cases.