基于视觉感受实验的目视航图评价

针对中国通用航空发展比较晚,目前还没形成一套完整目视航图符号的现状,在收集了多家航图制作单位目视航图的基础上,结合认知符号学及目视飞行对航图的要求,提出了目视航图及符号评价指标,通过视觉感受实验得到各评价指标的样本数据,最后用模糊评价方法给出综合评价值,探索目视航图符号的设计原则,为中国目视航图的发展提供理论依据.     

基于vega的导弹飞行视景仿真

为解决某公司某重点型号在飞行中的控制问题,首先介绍了虚拟现实技术（Virtual Reality）和计算机仿真（Computer Simulation）技术的理论基础和发展状况,而后利用先进的仿真软件Creator/Vega,建立了某重点型号的飞行环境模型、三维弹体模型和飞行动力模型,在此基础上解算弹道数据并调用API函数编写驱动程序,最终实现了导弹飞行的视景仿真。     

基于视觉注意机制的认知雷达数据关联算法

针对传统关联波门设计方法在应用于机动目标跟踪时容易引起失跟、以及概率数据关联算法不适于多交叉目标跟踪的问题,提出了一种基于人类视觉选择性注意机制和知觉客体的"特征整合"理论的认知雷达数据关联算法。算法以综合交互式多模型概率数据关联算法为基础,采取假设目标最大机动水平已知的"当前"统计模型和匀速运动模型作为模型集,通过实时交互使关联波门能够随目标机动动态调整,较好地兼顾了雷达计算耗时和跟踪成功率。在利用目标位置特征的基础上,进一步提取、整合目标运动特征,对关联波门交叉区域公共量测进行分类,使多交叉目标跟踪问题转化为多个单目标跟踪问题,优化了传统概率数据关联算法。仿真结果表明：与传统关联波门设计方法相比,算法跟踪失败率和计算耗时明显降低;而且在计算资源增加不大的情况下,杂波环境适应性也得到了显著增强。     

复飞在机场目视进近中的重要性

目视间隔下的运行容易造成五边间隔过小,从而引发冲突,复飞作为一个重要的解决冲突的手段,也是解决冲突的最后手段,在目视间隔下显得更加重要。随着我国航空运输的高速发展,机场流量显著提高,跑道容量日趋饱和,提高跑道容量已经成为提高航班正常、确保安全的当务之急。从短时间内看,提高跑道容量要从减少五边飞机间隔和提高单位时间跑道利用率入手,目视间隔在目前看来是提高     

所需性能导航的飞行模拟机视景仿真实现

为实现适合所需性能导航(RNP)程序训练的飞行模拟机机场视景仿真数据库,从拉萨机场对RNP飞行程序训练的实际需求出发,研究RNP程序,对地形网格算法进行人为干预,引导地形生成需要的效果和精度,满足飞行验证和训练的要求,实现机场三维全态仿真与RNP程序的结合,研究结果可推广到其他类似机场的视景仿真开发。     

无监督深度学习单目视觉里程计研究

针对传统单目视觉里程计存在的尺度漂移和尺度不一致问题,提出了一种基于无监督深度学习的单目视觉里程计。首先,联合使用空间几何约束和图像相似性约束,得到长序列尺度一致的深度估计网络和鲁棒的光流估计网络;然后,对密集光流进行采样,得到精确的稀疏对应关系,减少尺度漂移;最后,根据改进的ORB-SLAM初始化方法,选择最优跟踪方式,结合深度信息进行尺度对齐,从而得到全局尺度一致的视觉里程计。在KITTI数据集上进行大量实验,结果表明,相较于ORB-SLAM2和基于深度学习的端到端的视觉里程计系统,该算法在通用评估指标方面性能有明显提升,验证了该算法的有效性。     

A novel visual attention method for target detection from SAR images

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging systems have been widely used in civil and military fields due to their all-weather and all-day abilities and various other advantages. However, due to image data exponentially increasing, there is a need for novel automatic target detection and recognition technologies. In recent years, the visual attention mechanism in the visual system has helped humans effectively deal with complex visual signals. In particular, biologically inspired top-down attention models have garnered much attention recently. This paper presents a visual attention model for SAR target detection, comprising a bottom-up stage and top-down process.In the bottom-up step, the Itti model is improved based on the difference between SAR and optical images. The top-down step fully utilizes prior information to further detect targets. Extensive detection experiments carried out on the benchmark Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition(MSTAR) dataset show that, compared with typical visual models and other popular detection methods, our model has increased ability and robustness for SAR target detection, under a range of Signal to Clutter Ratio(SCR) conditions and scenes. In addition, results obtained using only the bottom-up stage are inferior to those of the proposed method, further demonstrating the effectiveness and rationality of a top-down strategy. In summary, our proposed visual attention method can be considered a potential benchmark resource for the SAR research community.     

机器人在轨装配无标定视觉伺服对准方法

针对在轨装配过程中机器人"手眼"关系无法进行有效标定及机器人系统和被操作物惯性参数不定的情况,在传统的无标定视觉伺服基础上设计了深度估计器,基于机器人和图像运动的测量数据在线估计目标特征的深度值,并在机器人关节控制环中设计滑模控制器实时控制机器人关节运动,根据反馈图像信息纠正系统误差完成对准跟踪,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。所提的无标定视觉伺服对准方法使机器人在装配过程中免去了复杂的"手眼"关系的标定程序,克服了机器人系统及被操作物惯性参数不确定性给装配精度造成的影响,提高了"手眼协调"的鲁棒性,保证机器人能够在复杂的太空环境下完成在轨装配任务。     

基于视觉引导着陆的微小型四旋翼设计及实现

为了增强四旋翼的自主性,借用视觉导航方法要求在GPS丢失信号或信号精度不高的情况下进行辅助定位,使得四旋翼能够在某些特殊需求场合自动着陆。针对Harris角点检测算法计算量大的问题,设计了一种快速、准确的标志图像识别算法,将一个区域内的所有角点转换成一个单值角点,替代了Harris算法中的局部非极大值抑制算法,减小了计算量,并进一步设计了视觉模式下的姿态与位置转换算法和视觉着陆控制算法。为了验证所设计算法的可行性和有效性,基于STM32单片机搭建了微型四旋翼实验平台系统,并实时在线进行了性能实验,结果表明,标志图像识别算法能正确检测和识别出标志图像,视觉着陆算法也成功实现了四旋翼实验平台的着陆功能。     

Developing a visual component library for a graphical programmingplatform using object orientation

The development of virtual instruments (VIs) is bringing a great revolution to the fields of automated testing and measurement. It is accelerating the integration of measurement systems and is promoting instrument standardization, modularization and generalization. A graphical programming platform for automated testing is one of the most important applications of VI technology, and it provides users with an intuitive and friendly programming environment. The visual component library (VCL) is the key part of such graphical programming platforms. The research reported in this paper makes full use of the advantages of the object-oriented methodology to develop the visual VI components for a graphical programming platform. By setting up two base classes for all the VI components, various VIs can be efficiently developed     

飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号设计的基本要求分析

飞机驾驶舱告警系统对提高飞行员工作效率和保障飞行安全具有重要的作用。本文主要概述了视觉告警信号的设计标准和信息编码的设计规定,并论述了相关标准中对颜色编码和告警字符的设计规定,为飞机驾驶舱视觉告警信号的设计提供相关设计参考。     

Collaborative image compression and classification with multi-task learning for visual Internet of Things

Widespread deployment of the Internet of Things(Io T) has changed the way that network services are developed, deployed, and operated. Most onboard advanced Io T devices are equipped with visual sensors that form the so-called visual Io T. Typically, the sender would compress images, and then through the communication network, the receiver would decode images, and then analyze the images for applications. However, image compression and semantic inference are generally conducted separately, and t...     

民机复合材料目视检查中的眼动与疲劳检测

疲劳是导致民机复合材料结构目视检查差错的重要诱因，疲劳检测对于减少人的差错，保障飞行安全具有重要意义。对基于眼动行为的疲劳度量与检测方法进行了研究，建立了民机复合材料结构目视检查实验场景，利用Tobii眼动仪提取了正常状态和疲劳状态下的目视检查眼动数据，分析了瞳孔直径、平均注视时间、平均注视频率、平均眼跳时间、平均眼跳频率、注视热点与轨迹和扫视速度等眼动行为与疲劳的关系，进而提取了能表征疲劳的瞳孔直径、平均注视时间和扫视速度3种眼动指标，以该指标构建特征向量，利用支持向量机（SVM）方法构建了目视检查疲劳检测模型。研究发现疲劳状态下的目视检查平均注视时间更长，扫视速度更慢、瞳孔直径减小，右瞳孔减小程度更大，核函数为径向基函数和高斯函数的SVM方法对疲劳的检测效果好。研究结果表明，利用SVM方法训练由瞳孔直径、平均注视时间和扫视速度构成的眼动特征向量能有效检测目视检查中的疲劳状态。     

Rapid and robust initialization for monocular visual inertial navigation within multi-state Kalman filter

Sensor-fusion based navigation attracts significant attentions for its robustness and accuracy in various applications. To achieve a versatile and efficient state estimation both indoor and outdoor, this paper presents an improved monocular visual inertial navigation architecture within the Multi-State Constraint Kalman Filter (MSCKF). In addition, to alleviate the initialization demands by appending enough stable poses in MSCKF, a rapid and robust Initialization MSCKF (I-MSCKF) navigation method is proposed in the paper. Based on the trifocal tensor and sigma-point filter, the initialization of the integrated navigation can be accomplished within three consecutive visual frames. Thus, the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the navigation performance when suffered from shocks at the initial stage. Moreover, the sigma-point filter is applied at initial stage to improve the accuracy for state estimation. The state vector generated at initial stage from the proposed method is consistent with MSCKF, and thus a seamless transition can be achieved between the initialization and the subsequent navigation in I-MSCKF. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed I-MSCKF method can improve the robustness and accuracy for monocular visual inertial navigations.     

基于视觉SLAM的飞机模拟座舱三维地图构建

针对飞机座舱副驾驶的研究需要,为使得机械臂能够在飞机座舱完成导航任务,旨在构建一个可用于机械臂导航的飞机模拟座舱三维地图。针对特征点分布情况对即时定位与地图构建(simultaneous localization and mapping,简称SLAM)的建图精度的影响,通过实验对比,验证了ORB-SLAM改进的ORB(oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF)特征检测算法相对于OpenCV库中SIFT,SURF和ORB算法检测提取的特征点分布更加均匀,更适用于SLAM。采用Kinect V2.0作为深度信息图像和彩色图像的数据采集设备,在飞机模拟座舱真实的环境下,结合ROS系统和ORBSLAM2系统框架,构建了飞机座舱内的三维稠密点云地图。针对点云地图存在数据大和难以实现导航等问题,采用了OctoMap数据模型,该数据模型能够压缩点云,调节分辨率和判断空间是否被占据,将点云地图转化为八叉树地图,最终获得数据小和适用于导航的三维八叉树地图。     

飞机维修路径研究热点与前沿——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

近年来,随着民航运输业的飞速发展,飞机维修路径规划研究越来越受到重视。为了探究飞机维修路径规划问题的研究现状、研究热点以及前沿趋势,以中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science 核心数据库2000 年1 月—2022 年12 月收录的国内外飞机维修路径规划研究的相关文献作为分析数据,将CiteSpace V 软件作为辅助研究工具,分析飞机维修路径规划研究领域的研究学者和研究机构以及合作关系,结合知识图谱与文献内容总结该领域的研究热点与研究前沿。考虑国内的飞机维修路径规划研究情况,针对我国在该领域的研究趋势以及重点研究内容提出研究建议,为今后飞机维修路径规划研究提供参考。     

基于多步裁定法评估编队超视距空战效能

提出了评估编队歼击机超视距空战效能的多步裁定法。用损失交换比和剩余飞机数量作为效能指标,将最优火力分配与空空反导弹引入到多步裁定模型中。考虑了电子对抗与飞机生存力,计算了歼击机领先发射概率、空空导弹击毁概率和发射次数。算例表明,领先发射一方超视距空战效能通常较高,滞后发射一方若采用最优火力分配、空空反导弹、电子对抗及提高飞机生存力等措施也可提高超视距空战效能。此模型计算简便,合理有效。     

基于改进多步裁定法的超视距空战体系效能研究

在对传统多步裁定法进行研究借鉴的基础上,对其提出了补充完善方法.将飞机性能参数直接引入到计算模型中,提出了依据统计学原理进行飞机、导弹数量分配以解决多机种、多弹种空战体系仿真问题的方法,增加了对电子战、空中优势情况进行的考虑,补充了对导弹消耗情况的详细统计方法,使整套算法具有更高的可信度.通过算例,证明了该算法能够有效地从宏观层面对超视距空战体系进行效能分析.     

基于虚拟目标的超视距舰空导弹导引律设计

针对超视距舰空导弹拦截低空飞行的目标时,会导致在制导初段就出现导弹"掉海"的现象,提出一种虚拟目标的设计方法,并利用伪控制量的概念,应用线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了一种最优导引律。仿真结果表明,虚拟目标设计方法具有良好效果,所研制的最优导引律是可行的。     

A rendezvous navigation algorithm for orbit determination, based on visual measurements by space vehicle crew members

At present, various radio navigation systems are employed during the automated approach of a transport vehicle to a space station. Experience has shown that emergency situations can occur in which it is necessary to revert to manual override of the automatic approach.Such situations have indeed occurred during flight operations of the space station Mir. The crews of the transport vehicles and the Mir used manual steering more than 30 times for successful docking, and four times for approach to the station.Successful manual steering demands absolute understanding of the relative orbit parameters. The decisive task of the crew is to determine these relative parameters. This is possible using visual observations from either the transport vehicle or the station using simple and reliable instruments. This article explains the algorithm for determining the relative orbits from visual crew observations, based on similarities of relative orbit families.