基于滑动滤波技术的激光陀螺评价方法

激光陀螺是一种以量化脉冲的形式输出角增量的数字传感器，量化误差如同白噪声一样影响着激光陀螺的测试精度。为了准确评价激光陀螺的性能，减少量化误差对激光陀螺测试数据的影响，本文应用滑动滤波技术对激光陀螺采样数据进行滤波处理，理论分析及实验结果表明，该方法有效地降低了量化噪声从而实现了对激光陀螺的准确评价。     

Error estimation of INS ground alignment through observabilityanalysis

A systematic analysis of the observability of an inertial navigation system (INS) in ground alignment with Bar-Itzhack and Berman's error model is presented. It is shown that the unobservable states are separately contained in two decoupled subspaces. The constraints on the selection of unobservable states are discussed. An estimation algorithm which is derived fully from the horizontal velocity outputs for computing the misalignment angles is provided. It reveals that the azimuth error can be entirely estimated from the estimates of leveling error and leveling error rate, without using gyro output signals explicitly     

Stability of Gyro in a Vehicle Spinning with Uncertain Angular Velocity

The analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The nonlinearity in the equation of motion of the gimbal is retained. Using circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. A simple analytical relation for the selection of gyro parameters for stability is derived.     

空间三轴激光陀螺双通道调腔技术研究

反射镜的复用减小了空间三轴激光陀螺的体积,但也增加了其调腔难度.传统调腔技术沿用单轴激光陀螺的调腔模式对空间三轴激光陀螺进行调腔,步骤复杂且耗时较长.针对此问题,结合空间三轴激光陀螺的结构特点,分析了传统调腔技术效果欠佳的原因,并提出了一种双通道调腔技术.最后搭建了实验样机,利用双通道调腔技术对空间三轴激光陀螺进行调腔...     

MEMS加速度计组合在分度头上的标定方法

提出了一种在分度头上标定MEMS加速度计组合的测试方法,该方法可以标定出加速度计组合的刻度系数误差、加速度计零偏、三轴不正交度误差、安装误差角,同时可以分离出分度头转位机构角位置误差.首先通过建立一系列坐标系,推导了重力加速度在加速度计敏感轴的分量表达式.然后采用谐波分析法给出了误差标定方程,利用最小二乘法和Kalman滤波器进行误差参数的估计,并对估计结果进行了对比分析.最后通过三次独立实验标定结果的重复性和残差验证了该方法的正确性.     

激光陀螺四位置寻北仪提高精度方法

为消除激光陀螺零偏和常值漂移的影响,采用四位置方案来实现高精度寻北。本文简述了单轴激光陀螺四位置寻北方案,给出了陀螺敏感轴与机体系前向偏差角标定方法,研究了寻北仪在倾斜基座下数据补偿算法。本文研究了由于在四个位置上电机转动不到位所引起的误差补偿算法。通过对寻北仪系统测试,采用电机转动不到位补偿后数据标准差降低了0.02º,激光陀螺寻北仪系统达到了高精度快速寻北的要求。     

数字闭环光纤陀螺死区机理研究与抑制

在数字闭环光纤陀螺中,死区产生及其附近噪声特性恶化的主要因素可以归结于施加在相位调制器上信号的串扰。根据死区产生机理的不同,提出了偏置相位调制和阶梯波反馈调制两种死区串扰误差因素的观点。通过对这两种死区误差机理的分析和比较,提出了采用模拟相加反馈方案可以避免偏置相位调制死区误差的观点。采用速率转台法测试了光纤陀螺的死区特性,验证了理论仿真和计算的正确性。最后,通过采用三角波相位抖动抑制死区误差技术,将一种高精度光纤陀螺0.08(°)/h的死区误差抑制到0.001(°)/h以下。     

陀螺加速度表在高精度三轴转台上的测试方法研究

本文提出了在三轴转台上标定陀螺加速度表的新方法，分离了加速度表外环轴的摩擦力矩及交叉加速度引起的交变力矩对加速度表精度的影响，通过新的加速度表输入轴不对准试验方法，减小了加速度表失调角，提高了加速度表标定精度。     

惯性组合三位置现场测试方法

针对陀螺漂移和加速度计零偏,提出了一种三位置现场测试方法。该方法不需要转台,对夹具和测试基准无特殊要求,惯性组件无须精确取向。仿真结果表明,惯性器件测试误差主要由安装失准角和标度因数误差有关。     

Ground Testing of Inertial Navigators to Improve Dynamic Performance

A ground testing method has been devised to evaluate the dynamic errors of an inertial navigation system. A trimmed stationary inertial system in the navigation mode can be subjected to programmed platform orm drift rates, and generate position outputs which are compared with those of a perfect navigator. The linearized error equations for this testing mode are derived and the resulting position error propagation is analyzed using Kalman filtering in order to identify the error sources. A simulated platform with a fixed set of error sources is analyzed to evaluate this testing concept. An example is presented to show that the gyro and accelerometer scale factor and misalignment error coefficients can be estimated.     

Fast alignment and calibration algorithms for inertial navigation system

Algorithms for fast estimating the azimuth misalignment angle and calibrating gyro drift rates are approached from the point of view of control theory. By introducing the Lyapunov transformation, the equivalence of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Gimbaled Inertial Navigation System (GINS) is discussed, and it shows that the analysis results of GINS can be applied to SINS directly by using such kind of equivalence. A similar transformation that based on physical essence is introduced, so that the true states can be replaced by the so-called pseudo-states, and then the observable states of INS can be dynamically decoupled with the unobservable states. Consequently, the best completely observable subsystem model of INS can be obtained. Based on the simplified subsystem model of INS, the algorithms for fast estimating the azimuth misalignment angle and calibrating gyro drift rates are proposed. The proposed algorithms show that the azimuth misalignment angle and gyro drift rates can be estimated from the rates of leveling misalignment angles without using the gyro output signals.     

Leveling of Analytic Platforms

Use of an analytic platform or strapdown system requires that the system em be initially leveled just as a conventional multigimbaled platform must be leveled. The process of leveling involves the determination of the orientation between the local vertical and an instrumented reference nce frame. With a conventional platform it is quite common to use a pair of servo loops to precess the inner gimbal until gravity signals are nulled on two orthogonally mounted accelerometers. The input axes of these two accelerometers thus define the horizontal plane and the platform is said to be leveled. A strapdown system, however, lacks the physical entity of the inner gimbal and consequently cannot be physically precessed into verticality. The method of leveling is nonetheless analogous if we consider the computational reference frame of the analytic platform to be the "alter ego" or counterpart of a physical inner gimbal. In general, strapdown leveling techniques can be divided into two categories: closed-loop leveling and open-loop leveling. These two techniques are quantitatively developed and discussed in this paper.     

Asymptotically Stable Motions of a Gyro in a Spinning Vehicle

An analysis of the motion of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which is spinning with uncertain constant angular velocity xz about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The nonlinearity in the equation of motion of the gimbal is retained. Using the Lyapunov approach, regions are obtained in the k-xz plane where k is the torsional spring constant, for asymptotic stability and for global asymptotic stability, and an estimate of the region of stability in state space is presented. Analytical relations for the selection of the gyro parameters are derived.     

弧线齿面齿轮应力过程分析

为了给弧线齿面齿轮的齿面接触强度和齿根弯曲强度设计提供理论依据,研究了弧线齿面齿轮的齿面接触应力和齿根弯曲应力随载荷和安装误差的变化规律.在齿面接触分析和承载接触分析的基础上应用弹性理论计算了弧线齿面齿轮副的齿面接触应力和应用有限元应力影响矩阵法计算了该齿轮副的齿根弯曲应力.给出了数字计算实例,计算结果表明:齿面接触强度和齿根弯曲强度在重载时的接触强度和弯曲强度由单齿啮合区的强度决定,轴向安装误差和轴夹角安装误差分别会增加齿面接触应力和齿根弯曲应力,轴夹角安装误差和轴间距安装误差对齿面接触应力影响甚小,而轴向安装误差和轴间距安装误差可以降低齿根弯曲应力,与直齿面齿轮相比,弧线齿面齿轮的接触和弯曲应力明显减小.      

Stability of Gyro with Harmonic Nonlinearity in Spinning Vehicle

A stability analysis of a single-axis rate gyroscope mounted in a space vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity ?z about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The complete nonlinear equation of motion, which includes the fundamental and second harmonic nonlinear terms, arising due to ?z, is considered. For time-varying ?z(t), using the circle criterion, it is shown that the gimbal motion is globally asymptotically stable if the Nyquist plot of the linear transfer function of the gyro lies in the interior of a certain disk. For the case of uncertain constant ?z, using the Lyapunov approach, conditions for global asymptotic stability (GAS) and asymptotic stability are derived. Stable regions in parameter space of the gyro and state space are obtained. Analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters are derived.     

基于组合导航技术的光纤捷联系统在线标定

 将光纤捷联系统惯性测量单元（IMU）输出误差分解成零偏误差、标度因数误差、失准角误差和随机白噪声几个部分,建立了系统误差模型,基于此模型设计卡尔曼滤波器引入高精度外部信息源对IMU进行在线标定。将此方法应用于某光纤捷联系统进行跑车试验,结果表明：引入外部信息源进行在线标定与补偿后系统纯惯导精度显著提高,本文建立的系统误差模型和在线估计方式有效估计了IMU输出误差,实现了系统在线标定,提高了系统实用精度。     

D-最优试验设计在动力调谐陀螺测试中的应用

 为了提高动力调谐陀螺的静态漂移误差测试精度,针对简化静态漂移误差模型,并且考虑陀螺安装角误差的影响,依据D-最优试验设计理论以及正交设计的均匀分散性试验设计思路,设计了一种满足D-最优性质的正交八位置试验方案,并在整个正交空间内采用全局搜索的方法验证了其D-最优性。在相同试验环境下,采用力反馈位置试验法,以全正交空间预测误差平方和最小为评价准则,对该八位置试验方案和国军标GJB1183—91中的八位置试验方案进行比较与评价,试验结果表明该八位置试验方案优于国军标GJB1183—91中八位置试验方案。     

Reconfigurable NDI controller using inertial sensor failuredetection & isolation

A modified derivation of nonlinear dynamic inversion provides the theoretical underpinnings for a reconfigurable control law for aircraft that have suffered combinations of actuator failures, missing effector surfaces, and aerodynamic changes. The approach makes use of acceleration feedback to extract information pertaining to any aerodynamic change and thus does not require a complete aerodynamic model of the aircraft. The control law does require feedback of effector positions to accommodate actuator dynamics. Both accelerometer and rate gyro failure detection and isolation (FDI) systems are implemented, allowing up to three independent failures for each FDI system as long as they are in different axes. Nonlinear simulation results show that the FDI systems improve the robustness to accelerometer/rate gyro uncertainties. An advanced tailless aircraft model is used to demonstrate the concepts. The simulation includes accelerometer and rate gyro noise and bias, failures due to accelerometers, rate gyros, and actuators, and modeled missing surfaces that cause airplane aerodynamic changes     

Calibration of Precision Gimbaled Pointing Systems

Corrections of pointing data provided by gimbal readout transducers can be used to compensate for the errors that arise because of gimbal misalignments and inaccuracies in transducer readout. This paper reviews the sources of pointing error in precision gimbaled pointing systems and describes the techniques for determining them. In particular, a method of calibration that is suitable for systems in which constraints on gimbal travel preclude the use of conventional calibration procedures is presented, and the pointing readout accuracy that can be achieved by this method is evaluated.     

Principles Involved in the LM Rendezvous Radar Redundant Gyro System

For typical failure rates the probability of two or more of four gyros failing is very much less than one or both of two. Thus, a single redundancy system of four gyros greatly enhances system reliability. The orientation of the sensitive axes of four gyros is specified and means of generating outputs dependent only on gyro inconsistencies are defined. The voting logic and plots of switching decision zones are developed. The hardware required to implement this logic is shown to be simple and thus reliable. The use of rate integrating gyros requires the limitation of error integration time in order to avoid spurious failure signals. This is achieved by a reset cycle which realigns the four gyros at regular intervals. False error signals can be generated if inputs are large enough to exceed linear ranges of various components downstream of the gyros.