电离层薄层高度对电离层模型化的影响

利用IRI2012模型分析了电离层薄层高度的时空变化规律,提出了基于应用中STEC的电离层改正误差分析理论,分析了电离层薄层高度变化的相关影响.结果表明,电离层薄层高度变化对电离层穿刺点位置、投影映射函数值、电离层建模结果、电离层模型精化和电离层模型精度评估结果的影响较大.高度截止角为10°时,电离层薄层高度变化导致电离层穿刺点的经纬度差异最大可达3.2°,投影映射函数最高可引入约15.46%的误差,电离层建模结果差异和建模实用误差最高分别达9.71%,3.64%,采用不同薄层高度数据的电离层模型参数拟合和模型精化结果最大可引入约9.26%的误差,采用不同电离层薄层高度数据进行模型精度评定时最大可引入约9.62%的误差.根据这些研究结果可知:在实际应用中应采用电离层薄层高度模型,并选取较大的卫星高度截止角来减小薄层高度变化引入的误差;采用固定高度时,区域电离层建模采用与实际电离层薄层一致的固定高度;进行精度评估时,参考数据的电离层薄层高度与需要精度评估的电离层模型薄层高度相等.      

实时电离层格网数据精度评估

电离层延迟是制约单频接收机定位精度的重要误差源之一.为提高单频接收机的实时电离层改正精度,需要实时电离层数据.以中国科学院空天信息创新研究院提供的实时电离层数据为例,对比分析不同太阳活动期实时电离层数据及预报电离层数据与IGS最终电离层数据之间的差值以及不同太阳活动期、不同纬度测站的电离层数据对电离层延迟进行改正后得到的定位精度.结果表明:在低太阳活动期和高太阳活动期,实时电离层数据无法很好地反映大部分海洋上空的电离层变化特性;对不同太阳活动期,实时电离层数据在高纬度测站的定位精度优于预报数据和广播模型,在中纬度测站的定位精度略低于预报数据而与广播模型定位精度相当,在低纬度测站的定位精度略优于预报数据和广播模型.      

用GPS 观测研究电离层TEC 水平梯度

双频GPS 用户能自动修正电离层总电子含量(TEC) 引起的延时误差, 但是对于电离层中的不规则体造成的信号闪烁而引起的误差则不能消除. 即使是差分GPS 系统, 电离层误差仍然是其主要的误差源, 其中电离层TEC 梯度将会影响到系统的定位精度和性能. 本文用GPS 方法研究了电离层TEC 的水平梯度问题, 用处于赤道异常区NTUS 台站的GPS 观测数据作了具体计算. 结果表明, 在日落以后到子夜前后电离层垂直TEC 出现了大的涨落, 电离层中的不规则体导致L 波段信号强的闪烁, 同时还伴随着大而快速变化的电离层~TEC 水平梯度. 对比发现, ROTI指数、电离层TEC 水平梯度和电离层垂直TEC 三者之间有很好的对应关系, 它们的变化特征均由电离层中的不规则体引起. 我们认为研究电离层闪烁, 特别是在缺乏S4指数时, 电离层TEC 梯度也可以作为一个重要的可选参数.      

基于BP神经网络技术的电离层VTEC融合

随着电离层探测技术的不断发展,电离层观测资料也越来越多,只使用单一的观测资料会出现电离层反演精度不高的问题。为了提高电离层的反演精度,使用BP神经网络技术将地基反演和国际参考电离层(international reference ionosphere,IRI)模型的垂直总电子含量（vertical total electron content,VTEC）数据进行有效融合。在温带地区\[35°(N)~45°(N),60°(E)~80°(E)\]进行电离层反演试验,结果表明基于BP神经网络技术的电离层数据融合和地基反演获得的电离层VTEC精度都比较高,但是基于BP神经网络的电离层数据融合反演精度比地基反演更高,所以基于BP神经网络技术的数据融合能够提高电离层的反演精度。     

CAS-DIS数字电离层测高仪系统研制

提出了将射频直接采样数字化的接收方式应用于数字电离层测高仪系统的设计方案, 并详细介绍了该方案在CAS-DIS (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Digital Ionosonde)电离层测高仪系统的应用, 给出了CAS-DIS电离层测高仪在中国武汉电离层探测标校试验场和武汉-北京斜向电离层探测系统中的实验结果. 观测结果表明, 采用本文提出的数字化方案设计的电离层测高仪系统性能优越, 且可以分别工作在垂直和斜向探测模式, 满足了电离层探测的多种应用需求.      

地磁暴期间北半球高纬度地区电离层变化特征及对精密定位的影响

基于加拿大地区高纬度电离层观测网的电离层闪烁观测数据,分析了2018年8月26日地磁暴事件引发的北半球高纬度地区电离层总电子含量(TEC)异常变化、TEC变化率指数(ROTI)及电离层相位闪烁的变化特征.结果表明:加拿大地区最大异常值约6 TECU,磁暴引发全球电离层TEC异常峰值高达20 TECU;加拿大地区电离层相...     

电离层数字测高仪被动接收观测模式研究

利用CADI(Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde)电离层数字测高仪平台,实现了新的电离层数字测高仪被动接收观测模式.利用新开发的观测模式,在观测台站开展了一系列实验观测研究,经过信号处理和信息提取,获得了电离层特征参量f0F2回归方程,高频信道背景噪声分布,电离层D层对电波的吸收等电离层探测信息.实验观测结果表明,所获取的f0F2与主动探测结果相关性在0.84以上,高频信道背景噪声分布以及电离层D层吸收状况与电离层实际分析结果相吻合.     

强震前异常电场激发声重波对电离层的影响

震前地震孕育期地表异常增强的电场,通过大气电导率传输到电离层高度.该异常电场通过非稳态局部加热,可以在电离层高度激发声重波.基于该理论,利用一维时变中纬电离层物理模型,模拟了该扰动源对电离层电子密度的影响.结果表明,重力波引起的中性风速度扰动对电离层电子密度分布影响甚微,该机理无法解释震前电离层异常扰动现象.      

IGS电离层产品在双向时间频率传递中的应用

利用IGS组织提供的全球电离层资料对卫星双向时间频率传递中的电离层误差进行修正。IGS提供特定时刻、固定经纬度网格点上的电离层总电子含量。对该电离层资料首先进行空间四点网格内插,然后利用双线性内插得到电离层穿刺点所需时刻的总电子含量,最后将得到电离层数据经过处理用于双向时间频率传递修正。结果表明：电离层对C波段的影响在（0～0.5）ns范围内,这对亚纳秒量级的时间比对是必须考虑的。IGS提供的电离层产品适合应用于双向时间频率传递,具有方法简单、准确度高和价格低廉等特点。     

利用北斗观测数据实时监测中国区域电离层变化

北斗卫星导航信号采用三个频点工作,可以利用伪距双频组差方法解算电离层电子含量,为实时监视中国区域电离层变化提供新的技术手段.中国中低纬度处于电离层赤道异常变化区,在北纬20°±5°区域时常发生较大梯度的电离层变化.利用北斗实时多频伪距和相位观测数据,采用相位平滑伪距方法计算电离层穿刺点电子含量,分析通过北斗系统GEO卫星监测的电离层周日变化特性;采用多面函数方法拟合中国区域1°×1°分辨率的电离层延迟量,每5min绘制一幅中国区域电离层图,观测区域所有电离层穿刺点拟合残差RMS为2.778TECU;分析北斗系统实时监测中国区域电离层异常情况,当发生电离层异常变化时,相邻两天的VTEC（Vertical Total Electronic Content）峰值相差约60TECU.      

A Review on the Ionospheric Research:Chinese Works During 2006—2008

This paper reviews various progresses on the ionospheric studies by the scientists in China during the last two years.The main contents concern the 4 aspects of the ionospheric re-search:(1) ionospheric weather and coupling with magnetosphere(polar and auroral ionosphere,ionospheric response to substorms,ionospheric storms);(2) mid-and low-latitude ionospheric clima-tology(ionospheric properties,yearly variations and solar activity dependence,long term variation);(3) ionospheric coupling with neutral atmosphere(gravity waves,tides,planetary waves,background upper atmosphere,and ionospheric response);and(4) ionospheric diagnostics(observation,modeling,and prediction).     

A Review on the Ionospheric Research： Chinese Works During 2006-2008

This paper reviews various progresses on the ionospheric studies by the scientists in China during the last two years.The main contents concern the 4 aspects of the ionospheric research:(1)ionospheric weather and coupling with magnetosphere(polar and auroral ionosphere,ionospheric response to substorms,ionospheric storms);(2)mid-and low-latitude ionospheric climatology(ionospheric properties,yearly variations and solar activity dependence,long term variation);(3)ionospheric coupling with neutral atmosphere(gravity waves,tides,planetary waves,background upper atmosphere,and ionospheric response);and(4)ionospheric diagnostics(observation,modeling,and prediction).     

Ionospheric Weather and Climate—— A Review on Chinese Works From 2004 to 2006

This paper reviews the recent studies on the ionospheric weather and climate. As a national report prepared for COSPAR, the works concerned here are limited to those made by Chinese scientists during 2004-2006. The main contents include the sudden ionospheric disturbances, the ionospheric storms, the traveling ionospheric disturbances, ionospheric variability, the annual and semiannual ionospheric variations, the solar cycle ionospheric variations, and the long term ionospheric changes.     

PROGRESSES IN IONOSPHERIC RESEARCH, 2000-2002: A BRIEF REVIEW

This brief report reviews the recent developments in ionospheric physics studies made by Chinese scientists. It covers areas from the numerical simulations and theoretical researches on ionospheric properties, ionospheric disturbances, space weather events in the ionosphere to ionospheric obserwtions.     

A Review of the Ionospheric Investigations in China: Progress During 2008—2010

In the ionospheric research, various progresses have been made during the last two years. This paper reviews the recent works of Chinese scientists. For convenience, the contents include: ionospheric storms and space weather; ionospheric irregularities and scintillation; ionospheric variability; ionospheric disturbances; ionospheric response to solar eclipses; ionospheric coupling with atmosphere and lithosphere; ionospheric climatology; ionospheric modeling; and ionospheric prediction and application.      

Ionospheric storm of September 2017 observed at ionospheric station Pruhonice,the Czech Republic

The ionospheric effects induced by the September 2017 storm have been exceptional compared to other events in the solar cycle 24. This paper gathers results of the ionospheric observations at the European middle latitude station Pruhonice. It consists of evaluation of ionospheric vertical and oblique sounding, Digisonde drift measurement, and data obtained from the Continuous Doppler Sounding System. We observed strong ionospheric response with an unusual stratification of ionospheric layers, Large Scale Traveling ionospheric disturbances, changes in electron density, and increase and oscillations in plasma drift velocity.     

Mitigation of receiver biases in ionospheric observables from PPP with ambiguity resolution

PPP (Precise Point Positioning) is a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning method that requires SSR (State Space Representation) corrections in order to provide solutions with an accuracy of centimetric level. The so-called RT-PPP (Real-time PPP) is possible thanks to real-time precise SSR products, for orbits and clocks, provided by IGS (International GNSS Service) and its associate analysis centers such as CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales). CNES SSR products also enable RT-PPP with integer ambiguity resolution. In GNSS related literature, PPP with ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR) in real-time is often referred as PPP-RTK (PPP – Real Time Kinematic). PPP-WIZARD (PPP - With Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) is a software that is made available by CNES. This software is capable of performing PPP-RTK. It estimates slant ionospheric delays and other GNSS positioning parameters. Since ionospheric effects are spatially correlated by GNSS data from active networks, it is possible to model and provide ionospheric delays for any position in the network coverage area. The prior knowledge ionospheric delays can reduce positioning convergence for PPP-RTK users. Real-time ionospheric models could benefit from highly precise ionospheric delays estimated in PPP-AR. In this study, we demonstrate that ionospheric delays obtained throughout PPP-AR estimation are actu ally ionospheric observables. Ionospheric observables are biased by an order of few meters caused by the receiver hardware biases. These biases prohibit the use of PPP-WIZARD ionospheric delays to produce ionospheric models. Receiver biases correction is essential to provide ionospheric delays while using PPP-AR based ionospheric observables. In this contribution, a method was implemented to estimate and mitigate receiver hardware biases influence on slant ionospheric observables from PPP-AR. In order to assess the proposed approach, PPP-AR data from 12 GNSS stations were processed over a two-month period (March and April 2018). A comparison between IGS ionospheric products and PPP-AR based ionospheric observables corrected for receiver biases, resulted in a mean of differences of −39 cm and 51 cm standard deviation. The results are consistent with the accuracy of the IGS ionospheric products, 2–8 TECU, considering that 1 TECU is ~16 cm in L1. In another analysis, a comparison of ionospheric delays from 5 pairs of short baselines GNSS stations found an agreement of 0.001 m in mean differences with 22 cm standard deviation after receiver biases were corrected. Therefore, the proposed solution is promising and could produce high quality (1–2 TECU) slant ionospheric delays. This product can be used in a large variety of modeling approaches, since ionospheric delays after correction are unbiased. These results indicate that the proposed strategy is promising, and could benefit applications that require accuracy of 1–2 TECU (~16–32 cm in L1).     

Galileo卫星导航系统广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合

提出了基于IGRF模型的Galileo广播Nequick模型及其参数拟合算法, 解决了Galileo信号仿真中地理场景映射与地磁坐标下的电离层延时修正参数拟合问题. 应用IGRF模型, 可计算出任意给定位置和时间点的地磁参数以及E层、 F₁层、F₂层的电子密度, 从而计算出Galileo电离层修正参数. 仿真结果表明, 该算法拟合的全球电离层延时与IGS提供的实际观测值基本一致, 仿真精度高于一般的经验电离层模型, 实现了Galileo卫星信号的电离层延时修正参数的精确仿真.