蜂窝夹芯叠层板的低速冲击接触定律

借助于蜂窝夹芯叠层板（以下简称蜂窝板）的准静态横向压力实验,研究了蜂窝板的低速冲击接触规律,提出了半经验性的蜂窝板低速冲击接触定律,蜂窝板低速冲击接触过程分为四个阶段：即面反控制阶段;面板穿透阶段;蜂窝夹芯控制阶段;总体卸载阶段,并提出了相应各阶段的加载或卸载定律,应用此接触定律对蜂窝板的低速冲击过程进行动态有限元模拟分析,模拟计算结果与实验结果相比较具有良好的一致性。     

蜂窝夹芯叠层板的低速冲击接触定律1)

借助于蜂窝夹芯叠层板(以下简称蜂窝板)的准静态横向压入实验，研究了蜂窝板的低速冲击接触规律，提出了半经验性的蜂窝板低速冲击接触定律.蜂窝板低速冲击接触过程分为四个阶段即面板控制阶段；面板穿透阶段；蜂窝夹芯控制阶段；总体卸载阶段.并提出了相应各阶段的加载或卸载定律.应用此接触定律对蜂窝板的低速冲击过程进行动态有限元模拟分析，模拟计算结果与实验结果相比较具有良好的一致性.     

蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构弯曲性能研究

从试验及有限元2个方面对复合材料蜂窝夹芯挖补修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究。通过3点弯曲试验对无损及修理件弯曲性能进行测试,试验结果表明,蜂窝夹芯结构破坏模式为典型的蜂窝剪切破坏,修理件相比于无损件弯曲强度恢复率为110%,修理后结构弯曲刚度也略高于无损件;基于试验结果建立三维有限元模型对蜂窝夹芯修理结构的弯曲性能进行研究,通过用户自定义子程序VUSDFLD编写Hashin失效准则、基于应力的Besant失效准则,实现复合材料面板及蜂窝芯子2种材料的损伤起始及演化。数值模型得到的破坏模式、破坏载荷及弯曲刚度均与试验结果吻合得较好;改变有限元模型参数,研究损伤直径及补片厚度对修理后弯曲性能影响,结果表明,随着损伤直径从30~70 mm逐渐增加,修理件强度先增加后减小,并在损伤直径为50 mm时取得最大值,此外,补片厚度为1~2.5 mm时弯曲强度恢复率高于100%;本文为复合材料蜂窝夹芯结构的修理设计提供了可靠的数值模拟方法。      

复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击后压缩强度估算

基于低速冲击后复合材料蜂窝夹芯板压缩破坏机理的实验研究,用当量分层来模拟Nomex蜂窝夹芯板的低速冲击损伤,假设当量分层区子层板的边界为固支,并且认为子层板失稳时夹芯板所承受的载荷为压缩破坏载荷.将计算结果与实验结果进行比较,表明了对面板无明显断裂的低速冲击损伤情况,用损伤当量法计算蜂窝夹芯板的剩余压缩强度是可行的.     

蜂窝夹层结构剥离应力分析

为了研究蜂窝夹层结构受剥离力时面板的变形和蜂窝芯中的应力,对蜂窝夹层梁进行了数学分析和实验验证.将建筑中的弹性地基上梁的理论用于蜂窝夹层结构分析,视面板为弹性地基上的梁,视蜂窝芯为弹性地基,得出了蜂窝夹层结构受剥离力时的面板变形和夹芯中的应力分布的计算公式.通过分析和实验指出,将建筑中的弹性地基上梁的理论用于蜂窝夹层结构分析,具有计算量小、精确度较高和公式直观等优点.      

复合材料低速冲击损伤分析方法

为了研究复合材料层间损伤,建立了一种新型零厚度界面单元模型,可以准确预测复合材料低速冲击与冲击后压缩过程中的分层损伤.模型包括本构关系建立、损伤准则和损伤演化引入,并在大型商用有限元软件ABAQUS用户单元子程序VUEL中实现.层内使用三维实体单元,采用三维Hashin准则作为纤维与基体损伤的判据,并在用户子程序VUSDFLD中实现.将该模型应用于国产碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CCF300/5428)低速冲击与冲击后压缩的模拟分析中.结果表明:此方法能够准确预测复合材料低速冲击与冲击后压缩过程中的损伤,为复合材料低速冲击损伤分析提供了一种有效的方法.     

复合材料层板低速倾斜冲击损伤分析

纤维增强复合材料层板对低速冲击事件敏感，冲击产生的损伤会导致材料结构承载性能及使用寿命大幅下降。基于此，提出了一种基于连续介质损伤力学的有限元模型，研究了复合材料层板低速倾斜冲击力学行为。采用Hashin准则结合渐进退化模型预测层内损伤起始和演化；采用界面单元结合双线性Traction-Separation本构关系模拟层间分层；编写用户材料VUMAT子程序，实现基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台的数值求解。数值计算结果与现有正冲击下实验数据吻合较好，验证了模型的有效性。探讨了冲击角度、冲击能量对复合材料层板倾斜冲击力学性能的影响，分析倾斜冲击下层板损伤模式及失效机理，为复合材料结构倾斜冲击问题数值分析提供参考。      

分析蜂窝夹芯板脱胶问题的状态分解能量法

讨论了工程中常见的夹芯板面板与芯材间的脱胶问题，用状态分解方法建立了一种分析含脱胶区的蜂窝夹芯板的力学模型．将分析夹芯板的脱胶问题归结为分析由脱胶引起的附加位移与附加应力．利用双三角级数和ＲａｙｌｅｉｇｈＲｉｔｚ方法求解了具有矩形脱胶区的蜂窝夹芯板脱胶问题的附加位移，对解的收敛性分析表明具有较好的收敛性．本文的解，为确定含脱胶的蜂窝夹芯板临界屈曲载荷以及断裂力学参数的确定，提供了合理而简单的位移模态．     

复合材料层板低速冲击损伤有限元模拟

利用三维动态有限元模拟计算复合材料层板的低速冲击损伤的过程,采用了基体开裂判据和分层扩展判据,分类考虑不同的损伤形式,通过修正损伤铺层材料的常数来模拟层板损伤所造成的局部刚度下降对冲击过程的影响,讨论了接触定律在冲击损伤问题中的适用性,并结合实验结果给出适于严重冲击损伤层板的卸载定理,模拟计算结果得到的低速冲击后各界面的分层损伤面积与实验结果吻合较好。     

复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击后的压缩

对含低速冲击损伤的Nomex蜂窝夹芯板试件进行了压缩实验,用X光技术、热揭层技术和外观检测等对压缩破坏损伤发展的过程进行了研究,分析了压缩破坏机理,结果表明:剩余压缩强度随冲击能量的增加而减少;夹芯板的压缩破坏主要由前面板控制,前面板发生局部屈曲的载荷与板的压缩破坏载荷几乎相等;表面玻璃布不仅能减少冲击损伤,而且能使板内的损伤显露在表面,容易让人发现.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.