基于有理谱法的大气紊流仿真及应用研究

根据飞行仿真、控制律设计等应用需求,采用有理谱法建立了基于大气紊流Von Karman模型的有理式模型结构。对不同阶次有理式模型精度的对比分析研究表明,五四模型在整个频率范围内更为接近Von Karman模型。采用五四模型可更为精确地反映大气紊流高频特性对弹性飞行器运动及弹性振动特性的影响,并将五四模型应用于飞行仿真,分析了大气紊流对飞机纵向运动的影响。研究结果表明,该模型具有工程实用性。     

用于飞行仿真的空间大气紊流场生成与应用研究(英文)

研究了三维空间大气紊流场生成及其在大型飞机实时飞行仿真中的应用。分析了针对大型飞机飞行仿真的扰动风场的建模需求。通过在频域空间直接进行蒙特卡罗法随机抽样,经三维傅里叶逆变换获得空间大气紊流场。采用Von Karman模型,更加准确地描述大气紊流场特征。运用傅立叶变换的复共轭对称特性,保证最终生成实的紊流场。通过无因次化方法解决了变尺度和变强度的紊流场生成问题。针对生成的空间紊流场设计了紊流梯度的计算方法。针对飞机连续穿越紊流场的问题,提出基于空间对称扩展的紊流场扩展方法。经时域相关性检验证明,基于该方法生成的紊流场与传统时域方法相比,具有较好的空间互相关特性。最后针对Boeing747飞机,给出了一个在空间紊流场中的飞行仿真实例。与传统质点化模型的仿真结果相比,基于空间紊流场和四点模型的算法更能表现出飞机穿越紊流场飞行的随机特性。     

二维紊流场对飞艇水平面内运动影响研究

大气紊流是影响高空飞艇水平面内巡航的重要原因,传统Dryden模型采用谱分解定理,只能生成一维大气紊流模型,对于高空飞艇复杂的飞行运动来说,生成二维紊流风场模型是必要的.基于紊流场的空间相关特性,采用离散自递归方法构建风场模型,然后结合风速矢量三角形关系式,建立扰动下的飞艇动力学模型,再对该模型进行水平竖直解耦.仿真结果表明,大气紊流作用在飞艇上的力会使飞艇较大程度地偏离其运动航迹,呈不稳定的随机波动状态.因此,构建高空飞艇动力学模型时,要充分考虑大气紊流的影响.     

六自由度飞行实时仿真和功率谱法比较

大气紊流是飞机巡航状态中影响飞机运动的主要大气扰动现象,以奖状飞机和波音747为例,研究飞机受大气紊流影响所产生的飞行姿态变化。使用了两种方法进行飞行仿真,一种是基于六自由度飞行力学方程的实时仿真法,另一种是基于线性化小扰动方程组的响应频谱法。通过与试飞数据进行比较,分析两种方法的优缺点。研究表明,六自由度飞行实时仿真可以更好地模拟大型飞机大气扰动下的飞行状态,较准确地表征各项参数变化特性。     

适用于直升机飞行力学分析的三维空间大气紊流模型

发展了一种新的适用于直升机飞行力学分析的三维空间大气紊流模型。采用Dryden紊流模型生成给定空间点的时域离散紊流速度,在速度坐标系框架下,横向和垂向采用统计特性守恒的高斯插值法进行紊流场空间扩展,而沿速度的纵向采用时间序列延迟法扩展紊流场,最终形成覆盖直升机各个气动面的三维空间大气紊流速度场。将本文计算结果和国外经过飞行仿真验证的二维空间紊流模型结果进行对比分析,验证本文模型的有效性和正确性,研究二维和三维空间紊流模型的区别。结果表明:本文模型改善了二维空间大气紊流模型对俯仰角速度、横向速度和航向角速度响应计算幅值偏小的缺陷;紊流引起的直升机响应幅值随飞行速度和紊流强度的增加而增大,随飞行高度的增加而减小。     

考虑弹性和紊流影响的人机闭环特性分析

本文对Kleinman等人采用现代控制论的最优化技术所提出的驾驶员最优控制模型,从研究飞机纵向飞行品质规范的角度做了较为详细的论证和探讨。该模型分析了B-1飞机的弹性模态干扰对刚体动力学特性及飞机操纵品质的影响,同时分析了大气紊流对J-7飞机操纵品质的影响.计算结果证明了该模型可在飞机初始设计阶段用于分析飞机飞行品质。     

农林飞机超低空飞行大气紊流影响研究

在建立农林飞机超低空飞行时的大气紊流模型基础上,结合频域和时域两种计算方法研究了各种不同紊流强度下的大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行的影响,同时采用加速度综合评分的方法对其影响进行定量评估,最后给出了大气紊流对农林飞机超低空飞行影响的规律,对工程应用有一定的参考价值。     

用蒙特卡罗法仿真生成三维空间大气紊流场

基于三维紊流场相关函数矩阵用蒙特卡罗法仿真生成三维空间大气紊流场,并用理论证明和紊流场数值检验的方法,证明这样的空间大气紊流场较好地符合所选用的大气紊流模型 (如 Dryden模型),且具有良好的均匀性和各向同性。三维空间大气紊流场可用于飞机飞行仿真,尤其是多架飞机在大气紊流中飞行的仿真 (如空中加油、编队飞行)。     

风切变影响下飞机纵向模态分析

飞机在大气中飞行时,会受到复杂的大气紊流的影响,其中以风切变最为普遍。文章分别对有风切变影响和无风切变影响下飞行的飞机建立纵向运动方程,并根据小扰动线性理论,针对低空定常平飞,分析了各自的纵向运动模态特性,为飞机飞行控制研究提供一定的理论依据。     

规范修正对垂尾连续紊流载荷的影响分析

依据FAR-25对连续紊流设计的最新条款,研究了突风强度的修订对垂尾动载荷设计的影响。以T型尾翼布局的某支线客机为例,基于Von Karman连续紊流功率谱模型和线性连续紊流响应的功率谱方法,采用载荷累加方法获得垂尾的连续紊流动载荷。结果表明:FAR-25对连续紊流设计的最新条款没有超越以往设计准则,算例飞机垂尾连续紊流限制载荷有所下降,设计状态参数有所改变。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.