品牌延伸的风险与防范

品牌延伸是指尽量利用已成功的品牌来推出改进型产品或者新产品.随着品牌在市场上的成功,企业的品牌资源意识也逐渐增强,他们希望成功的品牌带来更大的收益.经品牌延伸后,不同的产品彼此共享同样的品牌名称及其品牌意义.新产品的加入不可避免地对原有的品牌意义产生影响.这种影响可能是正面的,即加强原有品牌的识别力;也可能是负面的,即削弱了原有的品牌识别力.因此,品牌延伸不是任意的,品牌的识别意义界定了延伸的方向和最终过程.这个问题成为研究品牌延伸原理和决策的基本出发点.     

“三金药业”品牌运作策略分析

三金药业在经营中采取了以特色产品刨品牌、品牌产品梯队筛选、通过权威媒介传播和借助企业明星人物强化消费者对品牌认知等策略,在品牌构建方面取得成功,但也存在品牌形象老化、企业品牌与产品品牌不均衡和品牌维护过分依赖广告等问题.其成功经验对广西其他中成药企业提升经营层次有借鉴价值.     

品牌优势与买方主要购买动机的不对称性分析

当某些品牌的产品在市场上占据优势的竞争地位时，该品牌下的产品在满足买方的主要购买动机方面（即在产品的关键性能方面）不一定点有明显的优势，本文对这一现象的市场表现、成因及它对相关企业品牌建设的启示进行了分析。     

中国产品融入世界品牌贵在六大自主创新

著名营销学家莱特指出：“未来营销是品牌互争长短的竞争，唯一拥有市场的途径是先拥有市场优势的品牌”。在全球化市场竞争中，品牌互争高低愈演愈烈。中国企业面临众多“洋品牌”挤压的严峻挑战，如何在市场夹缝中求生存、求发展?树创品牌战略，叫响中国产品世界品牌已是当务之急。然而，长期以来我们的企业缺乏品牌战略思想，一些企业仅仅满足于成为国外品牌企业的“打工仔”，许多品牌缺乏科技与知识产权的强有力支撑。专家指出，     

品牌提升贵在科技经营与理念领先

现代企业与产品的市场竞争力，最终体现在品牌互争高低上。知名企业通过自主技术研发，创出一流产品；尊重各方文化，建立品牌联盟；保持品牌特色，创新传统技艺；优化企业栽体，提升品牌内涵；加快创新速度，满足客户需求；掌握核心知识产权，实施品牌共享；正确价值取向，保持品质上承；技术融入市场，开发品牌市场等八大制胜法宝，充分体现品牌提升贵在科技经营与理念领先的创新精神。     

航天科技集团高科技含量展品成为珠海航展亮点

拥有“神舟”、“神箭”等著名宇航品牌，曾经创造了无数辉煌业绩的航天科技集团公司．在第五届珠海航展上又给观众带来了惊喜：除了新一代运载火箭等许多在研产品模型闪亮登场外．神舟5号飞船返回舱精彩亮相，嫦娥1号卫星、环境1号C卫星等产品模型也一同展出。这些科技含量极高的产品虽然用途不同．但细心的观众不难从中看出“可持续发展”的影子，注重环境、保护生态、高效节能已成为航天科技发展的新主题。     

基于消费者视角的品牌竞争力影响因素研究

简要回顾品牌竞争力的研究,文章从消费者视角出来,构建品牌竞争力的影响因素,并选取我国洗发水品牌中＂舒蕾＂品牌作为实证研究对象,运用SPSS应用统计软件进行统计分析,从而得出影响品牌竞争力的因素,并提出对策。     

论少数民族地区城市旅游品牌的构建--以广西柳州市为例?

少数民族地区城市旅游品牌的构建是一个系统复杂的工程，通过对城市旅游品牌的内涵的阐述和对柳州市旅游资源现状分析，探讨了柳州市构建城市旅游品牌、塑造现代“魅力柳州”旅游城市的理念和路径。     

我国外贸品牌营销中存在的问题及其对策

国际品牌竞争时代已经来临，我国外贸中品牌营销状况令人堪忧。只有在政府有关部门的积极支持和引导下，各企业不断强化品牌意识，提高品牌竞争力，才能够固守国内市场，拓展国际市场。     

谈产品工艺定型

一、工艺定型的重要性 新产品开发,一般是方案论证→模样研制→试样研制→正样研制(设计定型)→工艺(生产)定型。 上述五个阶段中,实际上是两类工作即研制(设计)和生产(工艺)。前四个阶段主要是解决产品如何设计,即生产什么样的产品;而后阶段主要是解决如何制造出符合设计要求的产品。这两类工作既有区别,又紧密交织在一起。好的设计标志,不仅要考虑设计上的先进性和必要性,也要考虑到工艺上的经济性和可能性。为此,在研制阶段就必须对产品设计进行工艺     

CBERS-1卫星图像在黄河三角洲可持续发展中的应用研究

文章对我国的CBERS -1卫星遥感图像—1999年12月22日的黄河口零级数据进行了处理分析 ,并从图像空间分辨率、几何分辨率、地物识别能力等方面进行了图像质量评价。与同月份的LandsatTM图像对比 ,CBERS -1卫星图像具有更高的空间分辨率 ,更容易反映地物的细节 ,同时也指出了它的一些不足。在原有遥感地学智能图解系统的基础上 ,针对CBERS-1卫星的图像特征 ,开发了CBERS -1卫星数据预处理模块。该模块能快速处理零级图像 ,得到噪声小、清晰度高的CBERS -1卫星图像2级产品 ,便于开展遥感应用研究     

一种面向卫星应用的新型存储器和FPGA设计与实现

可靠性对在轨卫星的安全意义重大。由于空间环境辐射和单粒子效应,卫星系统多次发生在轨异常,对在轨卫星系统工作的连续性、稳定性和安全性造成了严重影响。文章针对卫星在轨空间环境和单粒子问题,提出一种基于铁电材料的高可靠、抗辐射的CPU和FPGA解决方案。一方面,设计了和通用接口兼容的新型铁电存储器,其抗辐射总剂量大于10000Krads（Si）,对单粒子效应几乎具有完全的免疫能力;另一方面,设计了基于铁电编程单元的新型FPGA,该FPGA不需要外部PROM,具有很好的经济性和应用前景。     

基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信源DOA估计算法

提出了一种基于Toeplitz矩阵重构的相干信号源DOA估计算法。首先对各个阵元的接收数据与参考阵元（第一个阵元）的接收数据的相关函数进行排列,形成Hermitian Toeplitz矩阵,然后通过奇异值分解可以得到信号子空间和噪声子空间,从而实现相干信源的DOA估计。该算法在不减少阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的估计性能,计算机仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

Understanding strategic decision making in the context of international space activities

This paper argues that a better understanding of strategic decision making processes in different space agencies is relevant to the successful carrying out of international cooperative undertakings in space and that this kind of information should be taken into account when decisions are to be made on engaging in a new partnership. In this context, the paper provides a general framework for the study of strategic decision making in space organisations, with particular emphasis on the influence of culture. Additionally, it offers practical examples of how differences in policy priorities, decision making environments and practices amongst space organisations can affect international cooperative endeavours. A particular concern is with the role of national and corporate cultures in creating and reflecting differences between space agencies. In order to gather information on strategic decision making processes in the space sector, a series of 30 interviews was conducted with top decision makers from NASA, ESA and the space organisations of Brazil, France, Canada, Russia, The Netherlands and the UK.     

Venus Express—Science observations experience at Venus

The Venus Express mission is the European Space Agency's (ESA) first spacecraft at Venus. It was launched in November 2005 by a Soyuz–Fregat launcher and arrived at Venus in April 2006. The mission covers a broad range of scientific goals including physics, chemistry, dynamics and structure of the atmosphere as well as atmospheric interaction with the surface and several aspects of the surface itself. Furthermore, it investigates the plasma environment and interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere and escape processes.One month after the arrival at Venus the Venus Express spacecraft started routine science operations. Since then Venus Express has been observing Venus every day for more than one year continuously making new discoveries.In order to ensure that all the science objectives are fulfilled the Venus Express Science Operations Centre (VSOC) has the task of coordinating and implementing the science operations for the mission. During the first year of Venus observations the VSOC and the experiment teams gained a lot of experience in how to make best use of the observation conditions and payload capabilities. While operating the spacecraft in orbit we also acquired more knowledge on the technical constraints and more insight in the science observations and their results.As the nominal mission is coming to an end, the extended mission will start from October 2007. The Extended Science Mission Plan was developed taking into account the lessons learned. At the same time new observations were added along with specific fine-tuned observations in order to complete the science objectives of the mission.This paper will describe how the previous observations influence the current requirements for the observations around Venus today and how they influence the observations in the mission extension. Also it will give an overview of the Extended Science Mission Plan and its challenges for the future observations.     

月球图像传输与处理的分析和仿真

需要一个平台对探月卫星,探月图像传输和处理进行研究. 嫦娥一号月球图像的传输与处理的仿真,结合了链路分析,采用MATLAB GUI 和虚拟现实设计工具。由于图像在深空传输中,距离较远,信号会受到很大的衰减,传输质量会受到噪声干扰的严重影响。因此要对系统链路进行严格的预算分析,包括考虑地球大气产生的影响,以确保信号传输质量满足要求,另外还要通过适当算法提高图像的清晰度。这种仿真方法对探月图像传输的研究奠定了基础,并且对降低探月成本有一定的帮助。     

Space manufacturing in the construction of solar power satellites

This paper deals with ongoing research work concerning energy budget and cost of the solar Satellite Power System (SPS).The fundamental model of such a total system including ground and space facilities, transportation vehicles, power satellites and rectennas is presented. The main purpose of this model is to examine the applicability of different construction scenarios to allow comparison under nearly identical constraints.Using this model in a first attempt the blankets—meaning the main part of the space segment by weight, energy investment needs and cost—are chosen representatively for the energy and cost comparison of two construction alternatives of the same SPS concept. These construction alternatives are defined just by ground and space based manufacturing of the solar blankets, while all other subsystems, operations and the transportation profiles are considered to be kept the same.It can be shown that the energy “payback” time does not only depend on the SPS concept selected but also very much on the construction and implementation scenario. The cost comparison of these alternative approaches presents not very significant differences but advantages for the space manufacturing option with potential higher differences for a less conservative approach which may apply benefits of space manufacturing meaning, for example, considerable mass savings in space.Some preliminary results are discussed and an outlook is given over the next steps to be investigated, comprising the extension of the fundamental model to include use of lunar raw materials.     

编队队形的等交点周期设计方法

在分析编队构形一般设计方法设计效果的基础上，提出一种等交点周期法，对一般方法进行了改进。该法编队中卫星以一个相等的角速率运行在轨道上，能实现长期的编队飞行，并给出了编队设计算例及J2摄动下的队形演变，仿真表明，用等交点周期法设计的构形，能部分地消除J2摄动的影响。     

一种平板螺旋式诱导轮的扬程计算法

目前平板螺旋式诱导轮的扬程计算法大都没有考虑诱导轮出口涡流区的影响,计算出的扬程和实际扬程有较大的偏差,涡流区的存在一方面会减小主流过流面积,使液流出口速度增大,损失增加,另一方面涡流运动自身也会消耗能量,使得诱导轮的扬程有所降低.以径向平衡理论为基础,考虑诱导轮出口涡流区的影响,提出一种扬程的修正计算法,用该方法对两种诱导轮进行了计算,计算结果和试验实测值比较接近,可以更准确的计算非空化工况下诱导轮的扬程.     

Exploration and protection of Europa's biosphere: implications of permeable ice

Europa has become a high-priority objective for exploration because it may harbor life. Strategic planning for its exploration has been predicated on an extreme model in which the expected oceanic biosphere lies under a thick ice crust, buried too deep to be reached in the foreseeable future, which would beg the question of whether other active satellites might be more realistic objectives. However, Europa's ice may in fact be permeable, with very different implications for the possibilities for life and for mission planning. A biosphere may extend up to near the surface, making life far more readily accessible to exploration while at the same time making it vulnerable to contamination. The chances of finding life on Europa are substantially improved while the need for planetary protection becomes essential. The new National Research Council planetary protection study will need to go beyond its current mandate if meaningful standards are to be put in place.