Random Error in ARGOS and SARSAT Satellite Positioning Systems

ARGOS and SARSAT are two satellite Doppler navigation systems in which low cost ground beacons transmit bursts of stable frequency signals. The Doppler shifted signals received by the satellite provide the positions of the beacons. The positioning error is dominated by a random component, due mainly to the short-term frequency stability of the beacon oscillator. Theoretical analysis and explicit expressions of the random errors are given.     

晶振误差特性及其对弹载卫星导航接收机的影响分析

在卫星导航定位中,需要通过测量时间来计算伪距和伪距率,因此晶振的应用尤为重要。特别是当弹载卫星接收机工作在振动、高动态等恶劣的工作环境中时,晶振性能会明显恶化。提出了晶振长期稳定性、短期稳定性、相位噪声等误差特性的描述,以及这些误差特性对接收机捕获、跟踪、定位测速影响的仿真分析,并根据仿真结果提出了相应的晶振选型分析和应用方法,以使卫星导航接收机能够满足其工作要求。     

高稳晶振的秒级频率稳定度的测量

介绍了在不同的条件下，对高稳晶振的秒级频率稳定度进行测量的方法。     

Stabilized Linear FM Generator

A technique for generating high-linearity chirp (linear FM) signals is presented. It uses a delay line and mixer to sense the slope of the output of a swept oscillator, and the difference from desired slope is fed back to correct the oscillator frequency. The technique also improves the coherence of the oscillator. An analysis is performed of the amount of linearization that can be achieved for three possible loop configurations. Experimental results are presented of tests run on a backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating over a bandwidth of 240 MHz with time duration of 120 ?s. The results indicate a linearity corresponding to a phase error (from parabolic) of 30 degrees (peak) and coherence within 5 degrees.     

任意拓扑结构的耦合振荡器阵列及其在共形阵中的应用

提出了一种利用耦合振荡器阵列实现共形相控阵天线波束扫描的新方法。建立了任意拓扑结构的耦合振荡器阵列幅度和相位动力学方程,采用图论的方法分析了稳态相位方程解的唯一存在性和稳定性,通过控制振荡器每个单元的自由振荡频率,对相位进行加权,实现了共形相控阵天线无移相器的波束扫描,最后对圆柱形耦合振荡器阵列天线进行了数值仿真,验证了该方法的可行性。     

High-g Time Bases

For many military applications, low-frequency oscillators are required which maintain their frequency within 5 parts in 104 after they have been exposed to an acceleration of 30 000 g and also after a storage period of 5 years. In addition, the same stability must exist while a constant acceleration of, say, 5000 g is applied. The characteristics of mechanical systems and various electrical circuits proposed for time bases will be summarized. It will be shown that oscillators, based on the use of RC networks and solid-state negative feedback amplifiers, can fulfill the requirements. It will also be shown that, for cost reduction, the conventional amplitude control over many cycles can be replaced by an instantaneous limiter without detrimental effects on stability. A hybrid timer, consisting of an electronic oscillator, synchronizing a spring-driven mechanical clock, is suggested.     

Clutter Spectra of Low PRF AMTI Pulse-Doppler Radar

Approximate expressions are derived for the video clutter spectra in the receiver of a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF), airborne moving target indicator (AMTI), pulse-Doppler radar for both step-scanning and continuous-scanning antennas. The receiver is assumed to process the received waveform with a clutter-tracking oscillator and a window function is employed to obtain short-term spectra. Except for the broadening effects of the window function, it is shown that the clutter spectrum can be simply related to the antenna voltage-gain pattern. It is further shown, in the scanning antenna case, that the combined spectral broadening due to platform motion and antenna scanning cannot be assumed to be the result of the convolution of the separate effects unless the antenna gain pattern has a Gaussian shape. The approximate clutter expressions are illustrated by examples and are shown to agree well with the results of computer calculations.     

保持模式下恒温晶振频率补偿方法

提出了一种恒温晶振在保持模式下输出频率的老化补偿和温度补偿方法,基于批量生产的晶振在驯服及保持阶段测试中积累的大量历史数据,建立了老化补偿和温度补偿模型,对老化特性和温度特性趋势进行了预测,计算出不同时间段及温度偏差所对应的补偿量,有针对性地进行补偿,使恒温晶振在保持模式下依然输出较高精度的频率,为系统高精度守时提供了保障。实验结果表明,该老化特性补偿和温度特性补偿方法可以显著改善晶振在保持模式下的频率漂移,目前已经应用于实际生产的晶振模块产品。     

Phase-Lock Loop Jump Phenomenon in the Presence of Two Signals

Jump phenomena are known to exist in many non-linear systems [I], [2], [3]. The non-linear analysis presented in this paper explains and predicts the conditions for the jump phenomenon that is observed in a phase-locked loop (PLL) preceded by an automatic gain control (AGC). The jump phenomenon occurs when the frequency separation AM of two sinusoids at the input to the AGC is greater than the bandwidth B of the linearized PLL. If the loop is initially locked to the stronger signal, the weaker signal will frequency-modulate the PLL voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with a modulation frequency AI. The amplitude S2 of the weaker signal al can be increased until it becomes greater than the amplitude Si of the signal being tracked, without causing the loop to lose lock; i. e., the VCO continues to track the original signal. However, if the ratio of the amplitudes S2 S1 = R is increased above some critical value RC > 1, the loop will lose lock on the original signal, and jump to track the interfering signal. If the frequency separation is at least twice the PLL bandwidth, a good approximation for this critical ratio is Rc ? ?w/B.     

旋转变频频率捷变雷达本振跟踪误差的分析

 本文从旋转变频磁控管式频率捷变雷达的本振频率跟踪原理出发,分析了产生本振频率跟踪误差的主要因素。文中着重讨论了本振频率冷跟踪误差问题。同时也提出了热跟踪后本振频率跟踪误差项。分析前者,可以决定热跟踪电路应予修正的频率范围,而后者则是跟踪本振最终的误差。以上分析对如何采取措施提高系统的跟踪精度是有参考作用的。     

高频振荡器噪声分析

 本文将高频振荡器视为具有深度正反馈噪声放大器。对它分析,给出正弦波信号的谱、等效带宽及相位噪声谱;同时还提出诸如高频振荡器内部产生的随机游走噪声形成机理等新看法。     

高频高速流体振荡器工作特性

设计了一种新型高频高速流体振荡器,并采用热线风速仪、高频动态压力传感器等测量手段,对其频率-压力响应特性、速度-压力响应特性及内部压力传播特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:设计的流体振荡器工作频率约为900 Hz,进出口压比为2时,其出口射流速度范围为75~239 m/s。建立了振荡周期/频率与内部尺寸的关系式,验证了振荡器内部的压力传播与反射机制,并用压力的作用机制解释了射流偏转的两个阶段,为今后设计不同流动条件下所需的流体振荡器提供了设计思路。      

Inherent Overload Protection for the Series Resonant Converter

The overload characteristics of the full bridge series resonant power converter are considered. This includes analyses of the two most common control methods presently in use. The first of these uses a current zero crossing detector to synchronize the control signals and is referred to as the ? controller. The second is driven by a voltage controlled oscillator and is referred to as the ? controller. It is shown that the ? controller has certain reliability advantages in that it can be designed with inherent short circuit protection. Experimental results are included for an 86 kHz converter using power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs).     

The Feasibility of Packaging High-Frequency Microcircuits Inside the Magnetic Core

A design goal for miniaturization has long been the elimination of the magnetic circuit. In practice, the size/weight penalties are decreased by operation at higher frequency where core size can be effectively reduced. When microcircuitry is considered, the magnetic circuit is designed out. Either RC or active networks replace inductance, or it is externally added to the microcircuit. This paper will demonstrate that the microcircuit elements can be readily interconnected inside of ferrite pot cores. Linear circuits using the magnetic circuit to advantage can be packaged in the same volume as the transformer, inductance, or filter alone. The natural RFI and radiation shielding, as well as heat transfer capabilities, are inherent with this form of packaging. For illustration, a 2-kV, 20-?A power supply featuring a 60-kHz, class C oscillator; a 10-volt, 100-mA converter featuring a 300-kHz square-wave oscillator; and a 9.5-volt, 100-mA switching regulator are packaged inside ferrite pot cores. With this technique only functional input-output connections are necessary, since the microcircuitry interconnections are inside the pot core.     

半球谐振陀螺全角模式信号处理控制方法

介绍了在信号处理的过程中,施加对波腹点、波节点的控制以及谐振频率实时跟踪,从而在谐振振型实时进动的情况下保证谐振振型的稳定,降低陀螺敏感误差;同时对两路相互正交的谐振子谐振信号进行提取和信号处理,得到谐振滞后角度以及陀螺所在载体的转动角度。对该方法进行了数值建模仿真,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于耦合振荡器阵列的天线接收技术

论文根据耦合振荡器阵列提供一组均匀相位分布本振信号的接收原理,推导了一维线性和二维矩形耦合本振阵列产生均匀相位分布的控制方法,并对耦合本振阵列的稳定性进行了分析,为耦合振荡器阵列在天线接收技术中的应用提供理论参考。     

频率源振动对测速精度的影响

针对频率源振动会影响测速精度的问题,按照国军标车载设备的振动要求,对频率源振动带来的相位噪声进行仿真分析和实际测试。并以振动频率为5Hz为例,对10 MHz频率源进行测试计算得到相应短稳;然后计算频率源在静止和振动环境下的测速随机误差;最后通过比较得到频率源在振动时测速精度会恶化几个数量级的结果。建议在动中测速时,通过使用加速度灵敏度低的晶振,安装减震器,优化环路设计,采用数字补偿技术等措施以减少振动对测速精度的影响。     

基于短时傅里叶变换的Duffing振子微弱信号检测

研究了Duffing振子信号检测过程中混沌、间歇混沌和大周期状态的时频特征,提出了一种基于检测统计量的任意频率信号检测方法。通过对系统不同状态下的输出序列进行短时傅里叶变换(STFT)发现,等幅线和三维时频分布能够体现出不同状态的显著差异,且可以完全区分出每一种状态。从构造统计量的易实现性出发,用三维时频分布中的幅时曲线作为衡量不同状态的依据,并将不同频率对应的幅时曲线的均值最大量作为检测统计量,该统计量的计算可以借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)操作提高时效性。在此基础上,引入频率控制单元,给出了任意频率信号的检测方法步骤,方法的关键是将检测统计量最大值处所在的频率作为待测信号频率范围的一个端点,另一个端点为毗邻的两个检测统计量值较大者所在频率点。实验给出了不同状态的检测统计量范围,进而以此范围为判据,实现了振子对任意频率信号的检测,说明了方法的可行性,为Duffing振子信号检测问题的研究提供了一种新的思路。     

Phase-Frequency Detection in Sampled Phase-Locked Frequency Mlultipliers

Phase-locked high-frequency multipliers which do not have powergreedy frequency dividers in the feedback loop, but which do have a sample-and-hold circuit as a phase detector are hard to design, due to conflicting requirements which determine the choice for loop gain and loop bandwidth. A circuit is described that acts as a frequency control if the loop is not locked and as a phase control once the loop can be locked. The loop filter has to be optimized for the locked condition only, and the allowable preset error is more than 80 percent of the sample frequency. The circuit also indicates whether the oscillator frequency is an odd or an even multiple of the sample frequency. Pull-in is at least an order of magnitude faster than with phase control alone.     

声表面波压力遥测传感器的理论与设计

介绍了一种遥测声表面波压力传感器的原理与设计,其核心敏感部件是由声表面波谐振器组成的振荡器,文中给出了主要的测试结果。