大攻角侧向喷流流场特性及喷流干扰效应

采用HLLC近似黎曼解格式求解N-S方程,对大攻角条件下超音速尖拱细长旋成体导弹的单侧向喷流干扰流场进行了数值模拟.并对喷流流场压力分布、喷口附近流动及流场旋涡结构进行了研究,分析了大攻角对细长旋成体侧向喷流干扰压力分布及干扰因子的影响.研究结果表明,HLLC格式计算复杂流场具有较好的数值稳定性;侧向喷流与来流的干扰总...     

质心偏轴旋成体高超声速气动特性工程计算方法

质心偏轴旋成体高超声速气动特性是弹道式再入飞行器运动轨迹计算必须的原始数据。工程初步设计中,可利用牛顿理论给出这种物体高超声速气动特性的计算公式,并讨论质心偏轴的影响。     

一种改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验预测公式

使用大涡模拟（LES）方法对典型整流罩旋成体结构进行非定常数值模拟研究,结果表明引起壁面压力脉动的流场结构随时间和空间变化,不同的流场结构之间相互干扰。同时研究发现,旋成体折角膨胀会造成流动在较短的距离内迅速加减速,同样引起壁面压力脉动。基于上述流动现象,重新划分压力脉动产生区域,通过引入空间修正项,提出一套改进的跨声速旋成体壁面脉动压力经验公式。算例表明,该方法能够显著提高旋成体在跨声速条件下的脉动压力分布的预测精度。     

复杂弹头目标微运动的建模与仿真

通过对雷达目标旋转微运动的分析,推导了点源目标的微多普勒频偏计算公式.以静态电磁理论建模为基础,提出了锥旋弹头的动态电磁建模方法,仿真得到锥旋弹头的RCS回波,并用时频方法对回波进行了分析.仿真结果与理论计算对比,证明了理论推导的正确性.     

过渡区球头气动力特性DSMC仿真研究

采用DSMC（Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo）方法模拟三维球头过渡区流动。文章给出了球头绕流流场的温度与压力分布图,以及在不同Knudsen数、不同马赫数条件下球头表面压力系数分布曲线,并将阻力系数模拟结果与桥函数公式进行了比较分析。     

旋成体在无侧滑大攻角下的横向气动力特性

介绍具有尖锥头部细长旋成体（以下简称弹体）在无侧滑下横向气动力随攻角变化特性，其中包括尖锥头部顶角、旋成体长细比、初始滚转角、试验雷诺数诸参数对横向气动特性的影响。还介绍美国ＮＡＳＡ的一篇综合研究报告的部分结果。试验结果表明，在低亚音速下，弹体气动特性对上述诸参数反应极为敏感，有时呈现随机特性。头部加边条、减小长细比或在后体装尾翼，将有助于减弱横向气动力。采用弹体旋转飞行技术，虽然产生Ｍａｇｎｕｓ侧向力，但有效地克服了气动力的随机性。     

难熔金属应用几例

难熔金属应用几例李曙光难熔金属在空间控制发动机上得了广泛应用，涉及的材料包括钨、多孔钨、钼、钽、铼、铌、钛等合金。一种３ｋＷ电离式发动机，推力０．６５Ｎ，用氢为推进剂，管状加热器用铼（ＣＶＤ）制成，为薄壁（０．１２５～０．０７０ｍｍ）结构，形状复杂。...     

对称角铺设纤维增强斜形固支板弯曲解析

应用文献［２］给出的各向异性斜板横向弯曲一般解析解，对承受均布载荷的对称角铺设纤维增强复合材料斜形板进行弯曲分析。针对四边固支进行计算。讨论了各向异性、斜角β、铺设角θ、铺设层数Ｎ和跨宽比α对板挠度的影响。计算表明，对于单层角铺设菱形板的铺设角关于（π２）－（β２）对称时，板最大挠度相同，并在铺设角为π２－β２板最大挠度取最小值，θ为０°时板挠度为最大。对于菱形板，铺设层数增大，板挠度增大，而斜形板（α＞１）铺设层数增大，板挠度减小。     

地磁传感器在自旋导弹惯测组合中的应用研究

为了提高自旋导弹控制的性能,采用自旋导弹的惯测组合来扩充实时测量导弹在飞行过程中运动状态的能力。由于目前速率陀螺的量程和精度都不能满足测量自旋导弹大旋转速度的需求,因此在惯测组合中用地磁场传感器代替速率陀螺来测量绕弹体纵轴的角速度。本文主要利用地磁场传感器组合对自旋导弹滚转角、滚转周期的确定原理及工程可实现性进行研究,给出了采用敏感轴分别在弹体坐标系Oy1和Oz1方向的2个地磁场传感器实现自旋角速度测量的结构设计,分析了产生奇异的条件和地磁场传感器惯测组合的可行性,推导了利用地磁场传感器实现滚动角和滚动周期测量的计算公式和计算流程,对所研究的结果通过了实物试验验证。     

飞行高度对高超声速钝锥边界层稳定性及转捩的影响

研究了飞行高度对高超声速钝锥边界层稳定性及转捩的影响。通过求解三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程计算了来流Ma=6,半锥角为7°的钝锥在飞行高度20~40 km条件下的基本流场,利用线性稳定性理论（LST）研究了飞行高度对钝锥边界层流动稳定性的影响,最后采用e N方法进行了转捩预测。研究发现,随着飞行高度的增加,流向不稳定N s值和横流不稳定N cf 值均减小,由横流不稳定性引起的圆锥表面大部分区域转捩逐渐转变为流向扰动引起迎风面转捩横流扰动引起背风面转捩,继而横流扰动消失,流向不稳定波引起迎风面转捩。     

Hypersonic flows over slender circular cones at small angles of attack

This paper presents a perturbation theory for hypersonic flows past pointed-nose slender bodies of revolution at small angles of attack. The theory presents the counter part of other theories on two-dimensional flow, axisymmetric flow, and flow past delta wings, in the case of bodies of revolution. Further restricting the analysis to Newtonian flow, a straightforward perturbation in the angle of attack is applied to the equations obtained and the resulting equations are solved only for circular cones. A striking feature of this approach is the absence of a vortical layer and a uniformally valid solution at body surface and all over the flowfield. In spite of the yaw angle, conical streamlines at cone surface are predicted which bend around towards the leeward plane. Results obtained for the surface pressure and the shock wave of a circular cone compare very well with other approximate calculations and experiment.     

回转表面上非测地线缠绕方程及其解

本文利用微分几何推导了回转表面上的非测地线缠绕方程,并用Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg法求解。此法与文献的分段圆锥法对比,两者计算结果很一致,说明在工程中都是可用的。     

物体—双伞系统运动方程与稳定性判据

利用刚体－双刚体模型给出了物体－双伞系统的运动方程与一种简化模式，并按运动稳定性分析的原理求得了该系统的稳定性判据。     

运载火箭可延伸喷管比冲增益的折合算法

本文在多级火箭理想末速度公式的基础上，推导了可延伸喷管有效比冲增益的计算公式，并对某三级固体运载火箭进行计算，得到了三种状态下可延伸喷管的有效比冲增益     

Estimation of an Admissible Domain of Uncontrolled Disturbances during Reorientation of an Asymmetric Rigid Body

A nonlinear game problem of the reorientation of an asymmetric rigid body is considered for the case of uncontrolled disturbances, only their estimates being known. The domain of admissible controls is limited by an ellipsoid or a sphere. In the case of a sphere, the limitation corresponds to a pair of swiveling (vernier) engines. A method [1–4] of solving this problem is developed based on equivalent linearization of nonlinear conflict-controlled systems. Direct estimates are found of the admissible (with respect to executing a reorientation) domain of uncontrolled disturbances, as a function of both the given constraints on the controls and the initial location of the body. These estimates are convenient at the first stage of a solution process, when the possibility is determined of using the controls proposed in [1–4] in order to support the necessary reorientation. If the aforementioned estimates are satisfied with a safety margin, then (at the second stage of the solution) a particular value of the guaranteed time of reorientation can be found by iteration algorithms [1–4]. The results of calculations are presented.     

空间最优交会

在相对体制下,本文讨论了混合指标下的最优交会问题。除给出了最优交会体制导律的结构形式外,还提供了求解最优交会制导律的参数方程组。该方程具有迭代求解形式,给数字求解带来极大方便。     

Mental Object Rotation and Egocentric Body Transformation: Two Dissociable Processes?

An important question in studies on mental rotation is whether the mental object rotation and the egocentric body transformation rely on dissociable mechanisms. We tested non-dancers and professional dancers as experts in the mental object rotation task (MORT, 3D-cubes used by Shepard & Metzler, 1971) and the mental body transformation task (MBRT, line drawings of human bodies similar to those used by Parsons, 1987). The cubes and body figures were presented in exactly the same rotation conditions; in the picture plane, 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees, and in combination with a rotation in depth, 0 degree (the stimuli are rotated in the picture plane only) and 180 degrees. We could replicate the linear increase in RT with increasing angle for the cubes whereas the RT for rotated body figures increased for not depth-rotated bodies only (back view). Though, the RTs for inverted body figures were faster when they were rotated in depth (front view) compared to when they were rotated in the picture plane only (back view). This finding suggests that participants use different strategies depending on the perceived orientation of the stimulus. The results indicate impaired performance in the MORT for the experts.