固体火箭发动机封头界面粘接相控阵超声检测技术可行性研究

固体火箭发动机封头部分的界面粘接状态目前还没有有效的检测方法,采用相控阵超声自动电子聚焦技术为该结构的检测提供了新思路.根据声线理论,研究等厚、不等厚壳体的界面粘接相控聚焦检测方式,得出相控聚焦具有较高的检测分辨率,同时也能解决不等厚壳体构件的界面粘接检测;对固体火箭发动机封头构件的粘接状态进行仿真分析,结果显示相控阵超声能很好地检测出构件的脱粘区域和大小,表明该检测方式在界面粘接检测方面具有广泛的应用前景.     

Raman imagery: a new approach to assess the geochemical maturity and biogenicity of permineralized precambrian fossils

Laser-Raman imagery is a non-intrusive, non-destructive analytical technique, recently introduced to Precambrian paleobiology, that can be used to demonstrate a one-to-one spatial correlation between the optically discernible morphology and kerogenous composition of permineralized fossil microorganisms. Made possible by the submicron-scale resolution of the technique and its high sensitivity to the Raman signal of carbonaceous matter, such analyses can be used to determine the chemical-structural characteristics of organic-walled microfossils and associated sapropelic carbonaceous matter in acid-resistant residues and petrographic thin sections. Here we use this technique to analyze kerogenous microscopic fossils and associated carbonaceous sapropel permineralized in 22 unmetamorphosed or little-metamorphosed fine-grained chert units ranging from approximately 400 to approximately 2,100 Ma old. The lineshapes of the Raman spectra acquired vary systematically with five indices of organic geochemical maturation: (1) the mineral-based metamorphic grade of the fossil-bearing units; (2) the fidelity of preservation of the fossils studied; (3) the color of the organic matter analyzed; and both the (4) H/C and (5) N/C ratios measured in particulate kerogens isolated from bulk samples of the fossil-bearing cherts. Deconvolution of relevant spectra shows that those of relatively well-preserved permineralized kerogens analyzed in situ exhibit a distinctive set of Raman bands that are identifiable also in hydrated organic-walled microfossils and particulate carbonaceous matter freed from the cherts by acid maceration. These distinctive Raman bands, however, become indeterminate upon dehydration of such specimens. To compare quantitatively the variations observed among the spectra measured, we introduce the Raman Index of Preservation, an approximate measure of the geochemical maturity of the kerogens studied that is consistent both with the five indices of organic geochemical alteration and with spectra acquired from fossils experimentally heated under controlled laboratory conditions. The results reported provide new insight into the chemical-structural characteristics of ancient carbonaceous matter, the physicochemical changes that accompany organic geochemical maturation, and a new criterion to be added to the suite of evidence by which to evaluate the origin of minute fossil-like objects of possible but uncertain biogenicity.     

Analysis of a crossed Bragg cell acousto-optical spectrometer for SETI

The search for radio signals from extraterrestrial intelligent beings (SETI) requires the use of large instantaneous bandwidth (500 MHz) and high resolution (20 Hz) spectrometers. Digital systems with a high degree of modularity can be used to provide this capability, and this method has been widely discussed. Another technique for meeting the SETI requirement is to use a crossed Bragg cell spectrometer as described by Psaltis and Casasent. This technique makes use of the Folded Spectrum concept, introduced by Thomas. The Folded Spectrum is a 2-D Fourier Transform of a raster scanned 1-D signal. It is directly related to the long 1-D spectrum of the original signal and is ideally suited for optical signal processing. The folded spectrum technique has received little attention to date, primarily because early systems made use of photographic film which are unsuitable for the real time data analysis and voluminous data requirements of SETI. An analysis of the crossed Bragg cell spectrometer is presented as a method to achieve the spectral processing requirements for SETI. Systematic noise contributions unique to the Bragg cell system will be discussed.     

靶场时统中自适应Loran-C接收机的研究

针对运载火箭的时间同步问题,提出了一种基于ESPRIT算法估计Loran-C接收机天波延迟的信号处理新技术,为设计具有自适应调节最佳采样点的Loran-C接收机打下良好的基础。利用频谱相除技术构建了延迟时间测量的信号模型,研究了频谱相除后信号的幅频特性。针对通带外噪声被放大的现象,提出频域加窗的措施。最后,提出用ESPRIT算法估计了天波延迟,避免了诸如AR、ARMA、MUSIC等算法在整个时域计算参数的弊端,更适合于适时应用。仿真结果表明,频域加窗影响识别天波的分辨率,ESPRIT算法能够正确估计天波的延迟,而且比FFT具有更高的分辨率。     

深空探测VLBI技术综述及我国的现状和发展

甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）技术是近年来深空探测研究领域中的研究热点之一。VLBI技术具有测量精度高,作用距离远等优点,这些优点使其在当前及未来的深空探测项目中具有广泛的应用前景。通过对数十篇相关文献的调研,重点阐述了深空探测VLBI技术的基本原理、研究现状,并对该技术的关键技术及未来发展趋势进行了分析和研究,最后介绍了我国深空探测用VLBI技术现状及发展。     

基于信号重构的雷达与雷达对抗侦察一体化接收技术

针对雷达接收机和雷达对抗侦察接收机存在的不同特征,提出了基于信号重构的雷达与雷达对抗侦察一体化接收技术。首先利用复指数调制滤波器组将中频带宽分解为若干子带,再通过频谱感知和信号重构实现非均匀动态信道化,最后利用非均匀动态信道化技术分别接收雷达回波信号和辐射源直射信号。为了满足一体化接收机的瞬时动态范围、灵敏度、监视带宽以及频率分辨率等性能指标的要求,本文引入一种大M值高阻带衰减原型滤波器设计方法。理论分析和仿真试验表明了该一体化接收技术的有效性。
     

航天器污染检测新技术的研究

根据飞行时间二次离子质谱学的新进展,用当代最先进的仪器首次对三种典型的我国地面空间环境模拟污染样品进行了探索性实验研究。结果表明：由于极高的检测灵敏度,具备分析微量航天污染物成分的能力;由于很高的质量分辨本领,具备检测航天污染物包含的所有元素、同位素和各种化合物的指纹鉴别能力;成像分析可获得航天污染物各成分面分布及一定的分层信息,从而可望揭示出各类污染物的形成过程。与国内外现有的各类检测手段相比,飞行时间二次离子质谱是航天污染物检测强有力的一种新手段。讨论了需要进一步研究解决的主要问题,如果能开发出可避免二次污染并分阶段取样、保存样品的装置与之配合,该技术有望在迅速崛起的航天污染系统工程中发展成为一种独具特色的航天污染检测新技术。     

基于群相位量子化处理的新型高分辨率相位差测量方法

在群周期相位比对和群相位量子化处理的基础上,提出了一种新型高分辨率相位差测量方法。利用频率信号间群相位重合点的分布规律,在群相位重合点处建立测量闸门,将相位差的测量转化为以群周期为基础的短时间间隔测量,大大提高了系统的测量分辨率。通过公共频率源信号的引入和群相位量子化处理技术,降低了实际计数闸门开启和关闭的随机性,消除了传统测量中±1个字的计数误差,提高了短时间间隔的测量分辨率,从而有效地提高了相位差的测量分辨率。实验结果表明该方法的科学性和先进性,鉴于短时间间隔的测量分辨率可达10 -13 /s量级,通过MCU控制时间--相位差的转换,实际相位差的测量分辨率可达0.0001度,明显优于传统的相位差测量方法,同时该方法电路简单,成本低廉,在卫星导航系统主、备份原子钟之间的无缝切换、1pps信号的相位异常检测及星地间高精度时间同步方面具有广泛的应用。     

BBM/EM design of the thermal hyperspectral imager: An instrument for remote sensing of earth's surface,atmosphere and ocean,from a microsatellite platform

The Thermal Hyperspectral Imager (THI) is a low cost, low mass, power efficient instrument designed to acquire hyperspectral remote sensing data in the long-wave infrared. The instrument has been designed to satisfy mass, volume, and power constraints necessary to allow for its accommodation in a 95 kg micro-satellite bus, designed by staff and students at the University of Hawai'i. THI acquires approximately 30 separate spectral bands in the 8–14 μm wavelength region, at 16 wavenumber resolution. Rather than using filtering or dispersion to generate the spectral information, THI uses an interferometric technique. Light from the scene is focused onto an uncooled microbolometer detector array through a stationary interferometer, causing the light incident at each detector at any instant in time to be phase shifted by an optical path difference which varies linearly across the array in the along-track dimension. As platform motion translates the detector array in the along-track direction at a rate of approximately one pixel per frame (the camera acquires data at 30 Hz) the radiance from each scene element can be sampled at each OPD, thus generating an interferogram. Spectral radiance as a function of wavelength is subsequently obtained for each scene element using standard Fourier transform techniques. Housed in a pressure vessel to shield COTS parts from the space environment, the total instrument has a mass of 15 kg. Peak power consumption, largely associated with the calibration procedure, is <90 W. From a nominal altitude of 550 km the resulting data would have a spatial resolution of approximately 300 m. Although an individual imaging event yields approximately 1 Gbit of raw uncompressed data, onboard processing (to convert the interferograms into a conventional spectral hypercube) can reduce this to tens of Mega bits per scene. In this presentation we will describe (a) the rationale for the project, (b) the instrument design, and (c) how the data are processed. Finally we will present data acquired by THI on a laboratory microscope stage to demonstrate the spectro-radiometric quality of the data that the instrument can provide.     

基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法

方位向DPCA多通道技术能够提高星载TOPSAR模式的方位分辨率,但TOPSAR回波信号的场景多普勒频谱混叠和方位非均匀采样给多通道TOPSAR成像带来了困难。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于DPCA算法的星载多通道TOPSAR成像方法。该方法通过调整方位向发射/接收子孔径的等效相位中心位置,使等效相位中心分布基本满足均匀采样的要求,同时利用复制拼接的方法解决了TOPSAR多普勒频谱混叠问题,最后利用改进的SPECAN算法完成聚焦成像。该成像方法避免了方位向多通道非均匀采样信号的重构操作,同时复制拼接操作和改进的SPECAN算法避免了方位向数据分块操作和方位时域的扩展。点目标和分布目标的仿真结果验证了提出的成像方法。     

反辐射导引头二维超分辨测向技术研究

对于反辐射雷达导引头,较宽的波束导致多个目标辐射信号进入导引头接收系统,所以必须提高其多源测向和多目标分辨能力.为此,提出采用超分辨测向技术来估计多个辐射源的到达角,并对该方法的可行性进行研究.首先,给出反辐射导引头超分辨测向模型,在此基础上,采用MUSIC算法进行到达角估计,并对影响MUSIC算法估计精度的因素进行了...     

一种在有扰信道中提供可靠传输的通信网关

网关的作用就是在应用层实现协议之间的相互转换。文中介绍为了在有扰信道中提供可靠数据传输服务 ,通信网关在应用层使用经过改良的连续 ARQ协议机制实现数据重传。讨论基于多线程技术的网关实现方法 ,分析具体实现中的关键技术。测试结果和实际使用证明 ,采用上述协议和技术开发的通信网关具有高的可靠性和运行性能。     

Diamond synthesis by high-gravity d.c. plasma cvd (hgcvd) with active control of the substrate temperature

In the first part of this paper, subatmospheric CVD methods for diamond thin film synthesis under normal gravity and other conditions are reviewed, following their increased capability for large-scale manufacturing. Emphasis is given to current problems and advances in moderate pressure d.c. plasma CVD operating under normal gravity and high-gravity. In the second part, an experimental technique aimed at solving the problem of temperature uniformity on the substrate surface at high gravity is presented. This technique improved temperature uniformity during diamond deposition at various gravity conditions and allowed a more accurate assessment of the influence of gravity on diamond growth and thin-film morphology.     

基于匹配追踪算法的SAR超分辨成像

提出了一种新的SAR超分辨成像方法。在SAR图像相位历史域点散射模型的基础上，利用SAR图像目标稀疏的性质，构造子像素级的紧致字典，并设计了一种改进的匹配追踪迭代算法来估计模型参数，从而生成更大尺度的相位历史数据，对得到的相位历史域数据成像即得到了更高分辨率的SAR图像。实验结果表明该算法具有良好的超分辨性能，同时所需时问比基追踪方法缩短40％以上。     

纳米颗粒SiCp/Al复合材料车削特性试验研究

针对纳米颗粒增强铝基（SiCp/Al）复合材料在航空航天领域的应用需求,采用试验的方法,研究不同刀具材料和不同刀具几何参数对切削加工纳米SiCp/Al复合材料加工表面粗糙度和切屑形貌的影响。试验结果表明,相同切削参数下,PCD刀具比硬质合金刀具能获得更低的已加工工件表面粗糙度,微崩刃的存在是导致硬质合金刀具加工时工件表面粗糙度升高的主要原因之一;增加刀具的锋利度能够获得较低的工件表面粗糙度,较大的主偏角表面粗糙度变化较剧烈;由于纳米颗粒增强相的不均匀分布和材料内部存在微裂纹,在切削时导致切屑呈不规则的锯齿状,基体的断裂模式是该现象产生的主要原因。文中的研究成果将为进一步分析纳米SiCp/Al复合材料的切削机理提供必要的试验基础。     

基于小波分析的SAR图象数据压缩与噪声抑制综合技术

本文给出了一种基于小波分析方法的数据压缩与噪声和抑制综合技术，它具有运算简便，能在保持原图精度的同时有效地降低斑点噪声影响的优点。更重要的是，它将噪声抑制与数据压缩过程同时进行，在对ＳＡＲ雷达图象的处理上取得了良好的效果。     

双波段扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计系统设计

星载微波散射计是目前唯一能够同时全天候、全天时、高精度、高分辨率和短周期测量海洋表面风场矢量的有源微波遥感器,这一能力已在美国Seasat-1[1]、欧空局ERS-1/2[1]、日本ADEOS-1/2[1]、中国HY-2等卫星装载的微波散射计上得到了充分的证明。双波段、扇形波束圆锥扫描星载微波散射计是一种具有国际先进水平的星载微波散射计,具有测风范围大、测量精度高的优点。文章简要分析了该微波散射计的工作原理、总体方案设计、关键技术、及初步性能评估等。     

一种分布式小卫星SAR系统空/频抗干扰技术

针对分布式小卫星SAR系统抗干扰时面临的超稀疏问题，提出了一种空，频域抗干扰方法。该方法利用目标和干扰源的空间独立性，通过对编队构形优化，结合频率分集，实现了抗干扰功能，且方向分辨率提高1倍以上，栅瓣数目大为减少。仿真证明，该种方法可以实现分布式小卫星SAR系统的抗干扰，对构形和系统设计有重要意义。     

高速率遥感卫星接收与处理系统的设计与实现

为成功接收搭载分米级分辨率的SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar,合成孔径雷达）载荷低轨遥感卫星数据,验证卫星载荷工作状态和性能,本项目研发一套Ka/S双频段遥感卫星接收与处理机动站。针对窄波束高动态卫星跟踪、多通道高速率遥感数据星地传输的重难点,本文着重从窄波束高动态目标卫星跟踪、超高速高性能全数字解调以及高精度双模式自适应盲均衡等关键技术进行研究。通过试验验证技术路径正确、措施有效,可为后续相关系统研制提供技术参考。