Active detumbling technology for noncooperative space target with energy dissipation

Space debris is generally a kind of tumbling noncooperative space target which poses a serious threat to human space activities. In active debris removal (ADR) missions, capturing a space target directly may cause damage to space manipulator and chaser satellite, so it is a feasible strategy to reduce the angular velocity of space target to an acceptable range in the pre-capture phase. In this paper, an active detumbling technology for a free-floating tumbling space target with energy dissipation is studied, and an effective detumbling method utilizing intermittent contact impact between the space target and despin mechanism is proposed. First, the dynamic model of the space target is set up by the Jourdain’s velocity variation principle. Then, a contact model between the space target and despin mechanism is established based on the Hertz contact theory and the method of computer graphics. Finally, the detumbling method is validated by numerical simulations. Simulation results show that our method can reduce the angular velocity of the space target effectively without causing large nutation.     

重力梯度力矩作用下近地卫星自旋运动规律分析

为研究近地卫星自旋运动规律,建立了近地卫星在受摄动影响的轨道上运行并受重力梯度力矩作用下的姿态运动模型,推导了自旋角速率满足一定条件下自旋运动的进动角、章动角、自旋角的解析解,对重力梯度作用下的自旋姿态运动规律进行了仿真分析,并用仿真计算结果验证了解析解的正确性。在轨道面缓慢进动情况下,当卫星绕最大主惯量轴自旋时,给出了自旋角速率取值范围表达式,在该取值范围内卫星自旋运动能够跟随轨道面一起进动,自旋轴以恒定的平均角速率进动,章动角在小范围内波动。建立的自旋姿态运动模型和分析结论可用于近地卫星姿态失控后的姿态确定和预测、在轨姿态设计及在轨备份等。     

磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺角动量包络分析

针对磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺(MSCSG)空间应用问题,研究其多自由度角动量包络模型。依据MSCSG的机械结构,分析磁悬浮转子径向万向偏转特性,明晰MSCSG轴向一个自由度转子转速变化飞轮力矩和径向两自由度转子万向偏转陀螺力矩输出机理。基于洛伦兹力磁轴承(LFMB)原理,分析径向偏转力矩与控制电流的线性关系,揭示MSCSG陀螺力矩高精度高带宽的优势。考虑转子径向偏角和轴向转速饱和问题,基于重构偏角和旋转矩阵构建MSCSG角动量包络模型。仿真分析了MSCSG径向偏转力矩高精度高带宽、轴向飞轮力矩高精度的特性。开展MSCSG偏转力矩高带宽性能测试,实验验证MSCSG能够输出大于100 Hz的径向偏转力矩。研究结果表明,MSCSG具有航天器高动态微振动抑制和高精度姿态控制的空间应用前景。     

一种新型陀螺的力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法

为提高磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）对陀螺载体姿态的敏感精度,基于其洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）的设计结构,提出了一种力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法。首先,针对一种新型双球形包络面转子MSCSG,介绍了MSCSG的结构特点与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感原理,并分别建立了MSCSG力矩器半径误差模型、转子偏转干扰力矩模型与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差模型。其次,通过实验测量了力矩器的圆度,通过MATLAB进行数据拟合得到了力矩器的非圆特性,采用勒让德多项式级数对力矩器非圆性进行了描述,并有效补偿了因力矩器非圆性误差导致的姿态角速度敏感误差。最后,对误差补偿效果进行了仿真验证,结果表明该补偿方法使陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差降低了83.5%。此外,本文方法还可以解决LFMB陀螺的相关共性问题。      

Velocity pointing error analysis for symmetric spinning thrusting Cubesat

To solve the problem of thrust vector misalignment from the Cubesat center of mass during orbital maneuver, spin-stabilized method is applied to eliminate velocity pointing error. Spinning thrusting Cubesat model involves the effects of mass variation and jet damping is established. Analytical solutions for the angular velocity, nutation angle, Euler angle, and inertial velocity with nonzero initial conditions are derived. Simulations show that the analytical solutions closely match numerical simulations. Based on the analytical solutions, the velocity pointing error influencing factors is analyzed. The results show that the velocity pointing error caused by initial transverse velocity, nutation angle and transverse disturbance torque can be reduced by raising the spin rate, but the initial Euler angle need to be limited. Also, the spinning thrusting maneuver can allow for a lower spin rate by increasing the axial moment of inertia.     

基于优化的羽流撞击消旋技术瞄准策略设计

针对自由翻滚目标卫星的消旋问题,使用化学推力器羽流撞击的方式进行消旋具有较高的可行性和安全性。当目标太阳翼法线与星本体自旋轴存在一定夹角时,需要对消旋推力器的瞄准策略进行设计,以提高控制精度和系统效率。目前国内外对于一般情况下瞄准策略的设计仍存在空白。基于参数化羽流撞击模型,对空间目标的动力学特性进行分析并给出典型工况,分析了羽流撞击力对相对位置姿态的敏感性,得到了瞄准策略设计的一般性准则,在此基础上设计了瞄准策略优化模型的完整表达。仿真计算表明,该瞄准策略适用于太阳翼法向相对期望消旋力矩方向存在一定夹角的情况,并且在保证力矩幅值较大的条件下令精度达到10°以内。该方法适用于太阳翼相对自旋轴倾斜和存在章动运动的目标卫星,从而为服务平台控制系统设计提供支持。     

Investigations of an integrated angular velocity measurement and attitude control system for spacecraft using magnetically suspended double-gimbal CMGs

This paper presents an integrated angular velocity measurement and attitude control system of spacecraft using magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyros (MSDGCMGs). The high speed rotor of MSDGCMG is alleviated by a five-degree-of-freedom permanent magnet biased AMB control system. With this special rotor supported manner, the MSDGCMG has the function of attitude rate sensing as well as attitude control. This characteristic provides a new approach to a compact light-weight spacecraft design, which can combine these two functions into a single device. This paper discusses the principles and implementations of AMB-based angular velocity measurement. Spacecraft dynamics with DGMSCMG actuators, including the dynamics of magnetically suspended high-speed rotor, the dynamics of inner gimbal and outer gimbal, as well as the determination method of spacecraft angular velocity are modeled, respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed integrated system is also validated numerically and experimentally.     

磁悬浮转子状态反馈解耦自抗扰控制方法

针对磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺(MSCSG)转子偏转通道强耦合及航天器姿态测量过程中受扰失稳问题,提出了一种磁悬浮转子偏转解耦抗干扰控制方法。分析了转子两自由度偏转耦合现象,设计了基于状态反馈的解耦控制器;建立了MSCSG在姿态测量过程中航天器的姿态运动对磁悬浮转子产生的干扰力矩模型,采用自抗扰控制器(ADRC)抑制磁悬浮转子的外部干扰;对所建立的扩展状态观测器(ESO)跟踪性和系统稳定性进行了分析,通过调节ADRC中非线性状态误差反馈控制律系数,实现了系统有界输入条件下的稳定。仿真结果表明：状态反馈解耦能够实现偏转自由度的完全解耦,ESO具有良好的跟踪性能,ADRC较传统PID控制方法具有更好的抗干扰性能。     

基于角动量空间的SGCMGs姿态控制策略

针对单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMGs）的奇异问题,旨在建立一种基于角动量空间而非力矩空间的SGCMGs姿态控制策略,从根源上解决SGCMGs的操纵奇异,且不失其敏捷特性.由于此控制方案的动量管理环节需要另外一套动量交换机构参与,故引入反作用飞轮（RWs）组成混合执行机构,同时RWs可在机动末端用于高精度姿态稳定.针对双平行SGCMGs,采用特征轴时间最优路径进行角速度规划,并基于角动量空间设计控制策略.同时,针对一个陀螺失效的情况设计了相似的角动量控制算法.仿真结果表明,采用角动量控制律不涉及奇异问题,且敏捷性与稳定性良好.     

基于奇异值分解的单框架变速控制力矩

摘要： 本文提出一种新的变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMGs）的角动量管理方法.将VSCMGs的控制力矩(CMGs)模式和飞轮模式分开求解同步输出,对CMGs模式力矩输出进行奇异值分解,只有CMGs模式接近奇异的时候,在奇异方向上的指令力矩才会分配一部分给RWs模式,从而在保证VSCMGs输出精度的情况下尽量充分的利用VSCMGs的执行能力.同时角动量管理算法中还引入零运动来实现转子轮速平衡以及框架构型避奇异,并且考虑了框架角速度死区非线性以及忽略项的补偿问题.仿真结果表明,所设计的操纵律在航天器大角度快速姿态机动时,可以实现高精度的大力矩输出.