卫星导航接收机空间自适应调零抗干扰技术研究

比较了两种自适应调零抗干扰天线系统方案的优缺点,根据实际应用场合,确定抗干扰天线方案设计为中频输出的数字调零系统.对自适应调零的信号处理进行了理论研究,建立了阵列信号的模型,根据导航卫星信号远小于干扰信号等因素,选用了基于线性约束的功率倒置算法,通过调整权值系数使得天线阵的方向图零点对准干扰信号方向,实现干扰零陷.仿真结果表明:通过零陷处理可达到干信比为77dB的抗干扰能力,验证了算法的有效性.     

一种盲多波束形成GNSS天线阵抗干扰算法

天线阵抗干扰是现代卫星导航接收机抗干扰的重要手段。传统的天线阵波束形成类算法能够在抑制干扰的同时提升抗干扰后输出信噪比,但是在信号捕获阶段,由于缺少先验信息的支持,该类算法无法在信号方向形成增益。因此,提出了一种盲多波束形成的天线阵抗干扰算法,通过形成多个波束覆盖天线阵上半球面,可在无先验信息的条件下对卫星信号形成增益,从而提升信号捕获阶段信噪比,使得接收机在干扰环境中具备更强的信号捕获能力。仿真结果表明:与传统的天线阵抗干扰算法相比,提出的算法能够在有效抑制干扰的同时显著提升接收机信号捕获成功率。     

基于FPGA的自适应阵列协方差矩阵特征分解的实现

卫星导航抗干扰的过程中,对空间信号波达方向估计、干扰个数检测、最优权矢量的求解直接影响着导航接收机的抗干扰性能,而协方差矩阵的特征分解是这些算法实现的核心部分。根据自适应阵列天线获得的协方差矩阵的特性,基于双边并行Jacobi算法,实现了基于FPGA的协方差矩阵特征值和特征向量的求解,并通过在信号波达方向估计的应用进行了验证。另外,在实现的过程中对直接调用CORDIC IP核的方式进行了精度误差分析,并用一种双精度浮点的方式进行修正,提高了矩阵特征分解FPGA的实现精度,为导航抗干扰接收机性能的提升提供了有效的工程基础。     

基于Doppler估计的弹载接收机抗欺骗干扰研究

GNSS接收机在军用方面尤其是高精度制导武器中的应用日益增强.针对卫星信号易受敌方欺骗信号干扰的问题,设计一种基于Doppler频率估计的弹载接收机抗欺骗干扰的方法.首先分析了欺骗干扰和真实信号的Doppler变化特点;然后在捕获阶段利用残留信号检测存在欺骗干扰的卫星编号;最后根据弹载的高动态特性,在跟踪阶段采取扩展 Kalman 滤波器(EKF)进行载波Doppler频率估计,并根据Doppler变化的相似性提取出欺骗信号.通过仿真实验验证,该方法可以有效排除欺骗信号的干扰.     

参考阵元可自适应调整的阵列天线抗干扰方法

针对导航接收机抗干扰阵列天线在某些干扰来向存在抗干扰效果减弱的问题,建立了基于功率倒置算法的阵列信号处理模型,提出一种参考阵元可自适应调整的阵列天线抗干扰方法.以四阵元均匀圆阵为例进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明,相比于参考阵元固定的功率倒置算法,此方法能够很好地解决部分干扰来向抗干扰效果减弱的问题.     

一种多系统兼容卫星导航抗窄带干扰专用芯片设计

卫星导航信号由于其自身特点,经过长距离传输到达地面信号功率十分微弱,所以很容易受到外来同频窄带信号干扰。主要介绍了一种满足北斗、GPS多系统兼容的卫星导航抗窄带专用芯片的设计方案。其采用模数转换、抗干扰处理集成单颗芯片设计架构,可直接替换原有卫星导航终端的A/D芯片,实现抗窄带干扰功能;并着重对抗干扰算法的多系统兼容设计、低功耗干扰检测技术进行了介绍;经流片测试,该芯片抗北斗B1、B3频点和GPS L1频点窄带干扰干信比大于60d B,北斗S频点抗窄带干扰干信比大于55d B,双路同时工作最大功耗小于260m W,可有效满足手持、车载、弹载等小型低功耗卫星导航终端的应用需求。     

晶振误差特性及其对弹载卫星导航接收机的影响分析

在卫星导航定位中,需要通过测量时间来计算伪距和伪距率,因此晶振的应用尤为重要。特别是当弹载卫星接收机工作在振动、高动态等恶劣的工作环境中时,晶振性能会明显恶化。提出了晶振长期稳定性、短期稳定性、相位噪声等误差特性的描述,以及这些误差特性对接收机捕获、跟踪、定位测速影响的仿真分析,并根据仿真结果提出了相应的晶振选型分析和应用方法,以使卫星导航接收机能够满足其工作要求。     

一种基于多基线载波相位差测量的欺骗干扰检测方法

由于卫星导航信号到达地面的信号功率较低,且民用部分信息公开,极易受到欺骗干扰信号的影响,从而导致接收机解算出错误的位置、速度或时间.针对传统的欺骗干扰检测与抑制方法不能对欺骗干扰进行测向的问题,提出了一种基于阵列多天线接收信号的载波相位差进行欺骗信号检测与抑制的方法.该方法能够在缺少先验知识的条件下,借鉴相关干涉仪测向...     

基于惯性辅助的北斗接收机完好性监测方法研究

针对传统卫星导航接收机在卫星数小于5颗及卫星星座构型不佳的情况下无法实现卫星故障识别与隔离的问题,结合卫星导航接收机在弹上的实际应用情况,利用惯导的辅助数据设计了一种基于多级Kalman滤波的北斗接收机完好性监测方案,给出了卫星导航接收机的RAIM滤波器结构与故障检测和隔离方法,并对其可用性进行了推导.该方案经过仿真分...     

弹道辅助的弹载接收机伪卫星信号快速捕获方案

 为实现导航式弹道修正弹在高动态环境下对导航信号的快速捕获且摆脱全球定位系统(GPS)的限制,提出了一个完整的基于伪卫星区域定位系统的弹载接收机信号快速捕获方案。首先利用期望弹道辅助获得多普勒频移初始值以缩小多普勒频移搜索范围,然后采用改进的搜索策略进一步减小多普勒频移搜索时间,最后利用三次样条插值法处理相关谱谱峰及邻近采样点的数据以提高低频采样下粗捕获(C/A)码相位的测量精度。算法分析及仿真结果表明,所提方案能有效缩短多普勒频移搜索时间,提高PN码相位测量精度。     

SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on maximum versoria filter

In the missile-borne Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) integrated navigation system, due to the factors such as the high dynamics, the signal blocking by obstacles, the signal intefereces, etc., there always exist pulse interferences or measurement information interruptions in the satellite receiver, which make nonstationary measurement process. The traditional Kalman Filter (KF) can tackle the state estimation problem under Gaussian white noise, but its performance will be significantly reduced under non-Gaussian noises. In order to deal with the non-Gaussian conditions in the actual missile-borne SINS/GNSS integrated navigation systems, a Maximum Versoria Criterion Extended Kalman Filter (MVC-EKF) algorithm is proposed based on the MVC and the idea of M-estimation, which assigns a smaller weight to the anomalous measurements so as to suppress the influence of anomalous measurements on the state estimation while maintaining a relatively low calculation cost. Finally, the integrated navigation simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于气压高度辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法

卫星接收机自主完好性监测是指根据用户接收机的多余观测值监测用户定位结果的完好性,其目的是在导航过程中检测出发生故障的卫星,并保障导航定位精度。针对卫星接收机自主完好性监测算法可用性不足的问题,结合机载实际导航系统配置,提出了一种基于气压高度表辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法。综合利用卫星导航系统及气压高度表观测信息,建立联合系统的观测模型,推导了基于多解分离的完好性监测及保护级别计算方法。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的接收机自主完好性监测算法,该算法在可见星为5颗时仍能识别故障卫星。该算法具有更好的故障检测能力及可用性,能有效提高卫星导航系统的完好性监测性能,从而保证卫星导航系统的精度和可靠性。     

基于解重扩算法的GPS抗干扰实时接收机研究

提出了一种基于解重扩算法的GPS抗干扰实时接收机系统的硬件实现方案。此方案充分利用解重扩算法和GPS接收机的特点,将两者紧密耦合,并根据FPGA和DSP的不同性能,实现了资源的合理配置。实测数据验证表明,该系统不仅能够抑制干扰信号,而且可对卫星信号产生较大增益,实现多波束抗干扰。     

GPS Aided Inertial Navigation

The Global Positioning System is an extremely accurate satellite-based navigation system which, after its completion in 1989, will provide users worldwide, 24 hour. all weather coverage. A joint research project among Boeing, Rockwell-Collins, and Northrop has been completed in which a GPS receiver was integrated with a low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system and a flight computer. A Kalman filter in the latter allows in-fight alignment and calibration of the INS. In addition, feedback from the INS to the GPS receiver improves the system's ability to reacquire satellite signals after outages. The resulting system combines the accuracy of GPS with the jamming immunity and autonomy of inertial navigation. System tests were conducted in which a Boeing owned T-33 jet aircraft was flown through known test pattern to align and calibrate the INS. Earlier tests, including tests against an airborne jammer, were conducted in a modified passenger bus.     

Receiver-channel based adaptive blind equalization approach for GPS dynamic multipath mitigation

Aiming at mitigating multipath effect in dynamic global positioning system (GPS) satellite navigation applications, an approach based on channel blind equalization and real-time recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is proposed, which is an application of the wireless communication channel equalization theory to GPS receiver tracking loops. The blind equalization mechanism builds upon the detection of the correlation distortion due to multipath channels; therefore an increase in the number of correlator channels is required compared with conventional GPS receivers. An adaptive estimator based on the real-time RLS algorithm is designed for dynamic estimation of multipath channel response. Then, the code and carrier phase receiver tracking errors are compensated by removing the estimated multipath components from the correlators’ outputs. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, this technique is integrated into a GPS software receiver connected to a navigation satellite signal simulator, thus simulations under controlled dynamic multipath scenarios can be carried out. Simulation results show that in a dynamic and fairly severe multipath environment, the proposed approach achieves simultaneously instantaneous accurate multipath channel estimation and significant multipath tracking errors reduction in both code delay and carrier phase.     

An autonomous celestial navigation method for LEO satellite based on unscented Kalman filter and information fusion

A reliable and secure navigation system and assured autonomous capability of satellite are in high demand in case of emergencies in space. Celestial navigation is a fully autonomous navigation method for satellite. To near earth satellite, the earth direction is the most important measurement and the horizon sensing accuracy is the most important factor which effects celestial navigation accuracy. According to the mode of acquiring horizon measurement, satellite celestial navigation methods can be broadly classified into two approaches: directly sensing horizon using earth sensor and indirectly sensing horizon by observation of starlight atmospheric refraction. For these two methods are complementary to each other, a new Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) based information fusion method is proposed here for hybriding them. Compared to the traditional celestial navigation method, this method can provide better navigation performance and higher reliability. The hardware-in-loop test results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, in most cases the accuracy is sufficient for near earth civilian satellite and moreover it can be used as a backup system to provide redundancy.     

一种无卫星辅助的制导弹药滚转角误差修正算法

针对海军舰载制导弹药MEMS惯导系统在卫星失锁后滚转角误差较大的问题，提出了一种不依赖卫星的制导弹药误差修正算法。根据弹体高速旋转时的定轴性使得短期内弹体侧向位移为零的特点，建立了弹体发射坐标系导航误差方程。利用自适应扩展Kalman滤波估计与修正卫星失效条件下的滚转角误差。为了检测并抑制量测突变引起的随机误差，使用自适应因子来调整滤波器参数。车载模拟试验和弹道仿真结果表明，10s对准时间内，滚转角误差能够收敛到0.5°以内，满足制导弹药控制精度的要求, 降低了制导弹药飞行过程中对卫星导航的依赖，提高了系统的自主性。