飞机雷达天线系统隐身技术研究

分析了由飞机雷达罩、雷达天线和雷达舱内高频部件构成的雷达天线系统的散射特性,并研究了其隐身机理和隐身措施.提出了飞机雷达舱气动,隐身,结构一体化设计概念.     

基于CAD二次开发的飞行器隐身性能计算方法

在飞行器同雷达对抗时的不同威胁情况下,分析了在雷达仰视照射下飞行器的隐身性能。通过绘制雷达仰角图,得到了目标飞行器在某典型雷达照射下的暴露与隐身区域,从而量化了目标飞行器的隐身性能。通过CATIA二次开发技术实现了CAD模型的便捷修改,为优化外形隐身特性提供支持。最后通过一个具体算例验证种方法的效果,并说明方法具有实用意义。     

隐身材料的现状及发展趋势

介绍了国外飞行器隐身材料的研究现状,其中重点介绍了雷达隐身材料和红外隐身材料。结合飞行器的隐身需求,提出了隐身材料的发展方向。     

飞行器雷达隐身性能评估研究

考虑飞行器与雷达的对抗环境和相对位置关系,通过建立雷达的探测模型以及飞行器的雷达散射特性模型,初步构建了飞行器雷达隐身性能评估系统。该系统可以有效地计算RCS的不同而引起的发现概率及暴露距离的变化,从而可以定量地比较隐身性能的变化;还可以根据暴露距离或预警时间的要求,制定出满足该要求的RCS指标的取值,从而指导隐身飞机RCS指标的确定。对算例的计算分析表明,该系统的计算结果可信,具有一定的实用价值。     

飞行器目标频率响应散射特性

为研究飞行器目标散射频率响应特性和隐身、反隐身原理,对两种飞行器平板缩比模型进行了系列测试和计算研究,推导和验证了简单目标（金属球）的频率响应特性在飞行器目标上的适用性,并推广到如飞行器复杂散射体的分析。提出了划分瑞利区、谐振区、高频区的新方法,指出飞行器具有隐身能力极限的概念;研究了目标多频散射的极化特性,发现频率降低时,水平极化下全向雷达散射截面（RCS)均值逐渐增大,垂直极化时减小。得到了两种飞行器目标处于瑞利区、谐振区时依靠外形隐身所能达到的RCS极限值。结果分析表明,在瑞利区和谐振区,目前的外形隐身措施存在不能超越的极限,在这两个区域的雷达隐身需结合外形和材料隐身技术。     

先进战斗机对机载射频孔径系统隐身的需求及解决方案

 大量的研究结果已经表明：机载天线等传感器孔径的分布与形状特征,对飞机隐身效果具有举足轻重的影响,如果不能有效控制机载射频(RF)孔径系统的特征信号(包括雷达散射截面(RCS)和电磁辐射控制),则通过外形、结构和材料隐身而达到的整机高隐身水平就会受到破坏。迄今为止,天线散射特性的评估是尚未完全解决的问题,而减缩天线RCS的手段和方法也有待深入研究。总结了F/A-22和F-35等国外先进隐身战斗机机载射频孔径系统隐身设计特点,从飞机总体隐身方案设计角度提出了对机载射频孔径系统隐身的需求,并针对具体应用提出最小化天线孔径数量、减小天线孔径外形尺寸、减缩天线孔径特征信号、采用低截获概率（LPI）技术等概念性解决方案。     

突防飞行器综合隐身性能的一种新型分析方法(英文)

针对现有目标隐身性能分析方法的不足,提出一种适用于突防飞行器综合隐身性能分析的新方法。通过分析突防飞行器的各类散射特性,归纳了建立目标周向散射模型所需的相关参数,并引入散射特性控制参数,控制周向散射模型的散射特性变化趋势。根据飞行器突防全过程中被雷达探测的动态特性,提出突防飞行器综合隐身性能动态评估模型的建立方法,基于突防飞行器综合隐身性能与其生存力之间的关系,建立了适用于突防飞行器综合隐身性能分析的系列评估准则。该分析方法提高了结论的全面性和可信度。总结了关于目标散射特性变化对其综合隐身性能的影响规律,对新型突防隐身飞行器的研制及制定特定的突防战术有一定的参考价值。     

Jerusalem十字架型FSS的仿真设计

在飞行器隐身技术的研究中发现,雷达天线系统通常在飞行器鼻锥方向产生很强的RCS贡献[1]。因此,如何减少雷达天线带外的RCS而又保证自身雷达正常工作已成为目标隐身技术中的一个关键课题。文中介绍了由Jerusalem十字架型振子单元构成的带阻式频率选择表面来有效的控制电磁波的传输和反射,利用单个单元和周期性边界条件的性质,采用理想匹配层(PML)吸收边界、周期边界相结合的方法对无限大频率选择表面进行仿真。借助于有限元软件Ansoft HFSS对Jerusalem十字架型FSS进行了软件建模,并对Jerusalem十字架外形及平面波入射角对频率特性的影响分别进行了仿真,给出了表面波频率选择特性随Jerusalem十字架几何参数和平面波入射角的变化而变化的趋势。     

飞行器红外隐身技术

飞行器隐身技术包括雷达隐身、红外隐身和射频隐身等。随着红外传感器技术和计算机技术的发展,红外探测系统探测各种不同目标的能力有很大提高,因此,红外隐身技术也受到广泛重视和迅速发展。本文介绍了红外隐身技术的基本概念、目前研究发展状况及关键技术。     

先进飞行器气动隐身一体化设计方法研究现状与趋势

介绍了先进飞行器气动隐身一体化设计的研究现状与发展趋势。首先介绍了设计中的常用的数值模拟技术。针对气动力计算,重点分析对比了位势方程、Euler方程和N—S方程等气动力计算方法;针对隐身性能计算,重点分析对比了高频近似方法、时域法、频域法等雷达散射截面计算方法。在此基础上。讨论了先进飞行器气动隐身一体化设计的策略和步骤,最后对该设计方法的发展趋势进行了分析。     

A Domestic Satellite Design

This paper deals with the design parameters of a communications satellite which would be capable of providing domestic telephony, data, and television distribution services. Certain important aspects of the design are discussed, including satellite antenna beam coverage, transponder bandwidth, and transponder radiated power for a given weight range. A baseline satellite design is then presented which has 24 transponders (with 4000 watts radiated power on-axis and 34-MHz radio-frequency bandwidth) fully accessible from the 48 contiguous United States. The design uses crossed linear polarization to reuse the satellite transmit and receive frequency spectrum.     

An interpolation algorithm to improve range estimation for thelinear frequency modulated radar

Radar with the linear frequency-modulated signal may range the target. Its range resolution is decided by the signal frequency bandwidth. This paper proposes an interpolation algorithm based on fast Fourier transform to improve the accuracy of range estimation without increasing the frequency bandwidth. The algorithm application in practice is described. The simulation result of estimation accuracy is also given     

等离子体单极天线辐射特性和隐身性能研究

在等离子体单极天线工作原理的基础上,详细研究了等离子体表面波的色散关系,推导了等离子体的浓度分布和等离子体气柱长度与激励源的关系。并分析了离子体参数对等离子体天线谐振频率、方向图的影响,计算并比较了等离子体天线和普通天线的雷达散射截面。结果表明了等离子体天线具有优良性能和很好的隐身效果。     

SIR-C/X-SAR: A multifaceted radar

The multifaceted Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) was successfully flown twice in 1994 aboard the Shuttle Endeavour as part of an international imaging radar mission. The United States SIR-C operated at L- and C-band, each with multiple polarization, utilizing an active phased array antenna. The German/Italian X-SAR operated at X-band with a single polarization. SIR-C and X-SAR operated synchronously to collect data over common sites. Data were collected for repeat-track interferometric processing at all three frequencies. A total of 143 hours (93 terabits) of SAR data were digitally recorded on tape over the two flights for subsequent processing in the U.S., Germany, and Italy. This advanced multifrequency/multipolarization system has produced a rich radar data set for Earth scientific investigation and demonstration of spaceborne radar remote sensing capabilities     

一种可齐平安装的机载复合结构宽带天线的设计

设计了一种可齐平安装的宽带超高频(UHF)天线.该天线由含有背腔结构的盘锥天线、盘锥顶盘与地板之间的短路结构、以及多板天线3个部分复合而成.这3个部分分别在频率的中端、低端和高端产生3个邻近的独立谐振点,从而有效地展宽了天线的工作带宽.分析了天线各主要结构参数对谐振频点和阻抗带宽的影响,给出了这些参数的最优值,并据此制...     

Neural control of smart electromagnetic structures [patch antennas]

Smart electromagnetic structures (SEMS) are capable of interacting with the surrounding electromagnetic field and responding to it. A system is “smart” when it integrates sensing, processing, and control elements (e.g. antennas, neural networks, diodes) in an autonomous manner. A SEMS capable of tuning frequency autonomously is described. Data are presented showing that the system can extend the useable bandwidth of a microstrip patch antenna in a frequency hop environment to more than twice the static value     

基于角度分集的机载超宽带MIMO天线设计

为了提高机载通信设备信道容量和进一步减小天线安装空间,提出一种采用角度分集技术的超宽带（UWB）多输入多输出（MIMO）天线。该天线将Vivaldi天线和超宽带槽天线进行了集成设计,无需采用解耦结构便可获得较高的端口隔离度,大大提高了数据传输率。通过在Vivaldi天线辐射臂上开一对方形缝隙和在介质板背面增加长方形辐射贴片,可以有效减小天线的尺寸,设计的UWB-MIMO天线尺寸为36 mm×36 mm×0.8 mm。给出了天线的设计流程,加工了天线实物,并对其进行了测量。仿真和实测结果表明MIMO天线具有超宽的阻抗带宽,可以覆盖整个3.1~10.6 GHz超宽带频段。Vivaldi天线阻抗带宽为2.8~15.9 GHz,UWB槽天线阻抗带宽为1.8~12.7 GHz,天线端口隔离度均在-10 dB以下。测量了天线的辐射性能和增益特性,实测结果与仿真结果吻合较好,证明了该天线的有效性。该天线可以应用于超宽带无线通信系统和机载阵列天线系统中。     

Textile antennas: effects of antenna bending on input matching and impedance bandwidth

How the performance of wearable textile antennas is affected on the antenna bending is described herein. The authors focus on the resonance frequency fluctuation and input-match bandwidth variation due to the antenna bending. The results are given for three different antennas, namely, a conventional patch, EBG, and dual-band U-slot antennas     

一种新型微带帖片天线的频率可重构设计

提出了一种新型微带贴片天线的频率可重构设计。采用一种交叉形的贴片结构,在贴片的非对称缝隙中添加RFMEMS开关,通过调节开关的通断来实现对天线频率的重构。所设计的可重构天线在0．8GHz～3．0GHz频率范围内有较为均匀的频段分布,总的工作带宽达到了400MHz,还对天线在不同开关状态下的方向图形状进行了比较。最后讨论了用金属片替代的RFMEMS开关的理想模型和等效原件替代的非理想模型对仿真结果的影响。     

Target detection and tracking with HF radar using reciprocal SARtechniques

Sustained research and development at Memorial University of Newfoundland has led to an operational High Frequency Ground Wave Radar (HF-GWR) system for coastal surveillance. This radar system has demonstrated over-the-horizon detection of targets such as vessels, ice hazards and low-flying aircraft, and performed ocean parameter measurements over a large area. The industrial developers of offshore hydrocarbon reserves in ice infested regions have an urgent requirement for the long range detection and tracking of icebergs from their production platforms. However, due to space restrictions, a rig- or ship-based system can only accommodate a compact antenna array. The uniform trajectory and low velocity of icebergs is ideal for Reciprocal Synthetic Aperture Radar (RSAR) processing with long target dwell times. The proven ice detection capability of HF-GWR systems, coupled with the compact antennas suggested by the RSAR technique, can be used to develop a rig- or ship-based all-weather surveillance device for ice hazards. It is also anticipated that the results of this research will allow the use of shorter antenna arrays for many other applications. Preliminary results using real data from the operational HF-GWR system are presented