热处理对激光选区熔化Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金组织及性能影响

针对激光选区熔化Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金强度提升以及与塑性合理匹配等问题,采用致密度最优工艺优化策略,获取了激光选区熔化成形Al-Mg-Sc-Zr最佳参数,并进行了时效与固溶热处理,研究了其对微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Al-Mg-Sc-Zr在激光功率为360～370 W、扫描速度为800～1000 mm/s、扫描间距为100μm及铺粉层厚为30μm时,致密度和组织缺陷最佳;时效或固溶热处理后,材料组织呈现交替分布细晶区和粗晶区,发生析出相增加强化,屈服与抗拉强度较沉积态得到提升;时效热处理相较固溶热处理,材料晶粒无明显长大,325℃/4 h时效热处理综合力学性能最佳,屈服强度为548 MPa、延伸率为11%;改变Al-Mg-Sc-Zr激光选区熔化成形材料热处理制度,可对其合金晶粒尺寸、析出相尺寸和密度进行控制,实现强度与塑性的合理匹配。     

选区激光熔化制备的高熵合金研究进展

作为打破传统单一主元合金设计理念的21世纪新兴的合金材料,高熵合金以其独特的晶体结构特征及性能特点成为材料学术界研究的热点材料之一.而选区激光熔化技术作为增材制造领域能够制造接近全密度的功能部件,具有可行的经济效益并得到了广泛开发和应用,在挖掘新型合金的性能及应用潜力方面有着得天独厚的优势.因此,近两年来利用选区激光熔...     

扫描方式对激光选区熔化成形316不锈钢性能的影响

为了揭示激光选区熔化成形过程中熔池行为,以316不锈钢粉末为对象展开激光选区熔化试验,研究了激光选区熔化成形时不同的扫描方式对成形件内部缺陷、微观组织以及室温拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:将层片分区短线扫描成形可以有效地控制成形零件内部的气孔缺陷;与无分区长线扫描相比,采用分区短线扫描后零件内部组织呈现明显的柱状且晶粒尺寸较大.     

激光选区熔化成形TC4钛合金激光焊接头组织与力学性能

对3mm厚激光选区熔化成形(SLM)TC4钛合金对接接头进行了激光焊接工艺试验,研究了80J/mm和100J/mm两种能量输入对接头焊缝成形、微观组织及接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,在两种不同焊接能量输入条件下,激光焊接SLM成形TC4钛合金获得良好的焊缝成形,焊缝区的平均显微硬度分别为388.7HV及403.3HV,...     

激光选区熔化成形钛合金零件工艺仿真研究

在零件激光选区熔化成形前对其开展工艺仿真研究,分析零件的残余应力以及变形情况,对于优化工艺参数,提高零件的制造成功率具有重要作用.以航空鹅颈链零件为研究对象,采用商用软件Inspire对零件激光选区熔化成形过程进行数值模拟,分别研究了成形姿态、支撑结构和激光功率对零件应力及变形的影响.研究结果表明成形姿态对零件的变形及...     

激光选区熔化成形点阵结构应用研究

点阵结构因内部孔隙率可设计,比强度、比刚度高,具有良好的减重效果,适用于结构轻量化设计。近年来,随着激光选区熔化成形技术的发展,点阵结构逐渐被应用到国内外航空航天领域。但激光熔化成形的点阵结构与传统点阵结构有较大区别,模型数据量极大、内部拓扑空间复杂,在设计过程中面临点阵结构标准化定义、模型信息传递、力学性能分析、内部质量检验等方面的挑战。通过对舱门点阵结构的应用研究,对上述挑战和问题进行了研究,为点阵零件设计提供了参考经验。     

选区激光熔化成型悬垂结构特征模拟分析

针对选区激光熔化成型悬垂结构过程进行温度场与应力场模拟。利用有限元分析软件建立三维瞬态选区激光熔化成型悬垂结构的过程模型,分析加工过程温度场应力场分布情况及变化趋势。针对不同激光功率与扫描速度对悬垂结构成型质量的影响进行仿真分析与实验验证。分析结果表明,在选区激光熔化成型悬垂结构过程中,在激光扫描悬垂位置时熔池温度值明显高于激光扫描打印件中心位置时的熔池温度,成型件与基板接触的边角位置具有最大的残余应力,悬垂结构位置出现明显变形,在激光功率与扫描速度比值不变情况下,激光功率越大,悬垂结构位置变形越大。     

热处理对激光选区熔化GH3536合金高温拉伸性能的影响

利用激光选区熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技术可近净成形GH3536合金复杂零件,其高温力学性能是能否安全服役的重要考量指标,本工作研究热处理对SLM成形GH3536合金的微观组织与高温拉伸性能的影响。在1225℃下进行1 h热处理以探究组织性能调控机制,测试GH3536增材试样沉积态与热处理态高温下的拉伸性能,采用扫描电镜研究热处理前后增材GH3536试样的微观组织演变。结果表明：热处理可有效消除晶粒内部的胞状亚晶结构,使位错滑移能力显著增强,其在室温、650、815℃环境下断裂伸长率分别提高75%、92%、683%;另外,柱状晶纵横比的减小使热处理试样的各向异性显著降低;断口分析表明随着拉伸环境温度的增加,热处理试样的断裂模式由沿晶断裂转变为混合断裂。     

金属零件选区激光熔化直接快速成形工艺及最新进展

阐述了金属零件选区激光熔化直接快速成形的原理及其工艺特点;介绍了该工艺技术的最新进展及应用领域.     

选区激光熔化TC4小裂纹扩展特性数值模拟

发展了一种考虑微观组织的选区激光熔化(SLM)钛合金TC4小裂纹扩展数值模拟方法.基于SLM TC4的微观组织观测结果,利用Voronoi算法并通过晶体取向筛选,实现了微观组织建模.在此基础上,采用扩展有限元法建立了SLM TC4材料小裂纹扩展行为模拟方法,探究沉积方向以及晶粒尺寸、晶体取向等微观组织对小裂纹扩展速率的...     

Single track and single layer formation in selective laser melting of niobium solid solution alloy

Selective laser melting (SLM) was employed to fabricate Nb-37Ti-13Cr-2Al-1Si (at%) alloy, using pre-alloyed powders prepared by plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP). A series of single tracks and single layers under different processing parameters was manufactured to evaluate the processing feasibility by SLM, including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. Results showed that continuous single tracks could be fabricated using proper laser powers and scanning velocities. Both the width of a single track and its penetration depth into a substrate increased with an increase of the linear laser beam energy density (LED), i.e., an increase of the laser power and a decrease of the scanning speed. Nb, Ti, Si, Cr, and Al elements distributed heterogeneously over the melt pool in the form of swirl-like patterns. An excess of the hatch distance was not able to interconnect neighboring tracks. Under improper processing parameters, a balling phenomenon occurred, but could be eliminated with an increased LED. This work testified the SLM-processing feasibility of Nb-based alloy and promoted the application of SLM to the manufacture of niobium-based alloys.     

激光选区熔化技术在航空航天领域的发展现状及典型应用

增材制造技术(AM)是一种基于离散-堆积原理,以计算机模型数据来加工组件的新型制造技术。激光选区熔化(SLM)作为增材制造领域的一项重要技术,以其一体化制造特点和在复杂结构零部件制造领域的显著优势,成为航空航天制造领域的重点发展技术和前沿方向。本文综述了SLM技术的材料体系和应用领域,主要对SLM技术的最新工艺研究和航空航天领域的典型应用进行细致分析。重点阐述SLM铁基合金、镍基合金、钛合金和铝合金等材料体系的研究进展及成果。SLM技术在各领域广泛应用的同时,也存在成形材料内部缺陷多、高性能材料的裂纹及变形、标准体系的欠缺和粉末材料兼容性低等诸多问题和不足之处,使其发展受到一定制约,需要在这些方面做更深入的工作。     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

Design and simulation of an innovative cylinder fabricated by selective laser melting

Additive Manufacturing (AM) processing has attracted wide attention due to its advantages, e.g., rapid prototyping and free design. In aeronautic and astronautic engineering, it is especially attractive to apply AM processing, especially Selective Laser Melting (SLM), into primary structures that always occupy most of the whole mass of aircraft or spacecraft. In this paper, an innovative lattice sandwich structure that is suitable to be manufactured with SLM is adopted to design the typical cylinder under axial compression. Firstly, the mechanical properties of pyramidal lattice are investigated, and the bearing capacity of the lattice sandwich cylinder is given analytically for each failure mode. Secondly, a composite cylinder is re-designed in the form of lattice sandwich structure, which sizes are ultimately obtained through optimization. Finally, finite element model of the innovative cylinder is established and several kinds of imperfection are introduced to simulate the defects caused by SLM. Numerical result shows that the lattice sandwich design can obviously enhance the bearing capacity of cylindrical shell even though the original one is designed with composite material. In other words, SLM has great potential in improving the primary structure of spacecraft in the future.     

Experimental study of effect of post processing on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth performance of selective laser melting Ti-6Al-4V

For Ti-6Al-4V, a titanium alloy increasingly used in aerospace structure, selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive additive manufacturing technology, which is attributed to its complex construction capability with high accuracy and good surface quality. In order to obtain qualified mechanical properties, SLM parameters and post processing should be tailored for diverse service conditions. Fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior are critical characteristics for damage tolerance evaluation of such metallic structures, and they are affected by post processing technologies significantly. The objective of this study is to obtain the fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by SLM, and to evaluate the influence of post-SLM thermomechanical treatment and surface machining. Fracture toughness and FCG tests were performed for SLM Ti-6Al-4V in three types of post processing status: as-built, heat treated and hot isostatically pressed (HIPed), respectively. Specimens with as-built and machined surface were tested. The microstructure and fractography were analyzed as well in order to investigate the relevance among manufacture process, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that as-built SLM Ti-6Al-4V presents poor ductility and FCG behavior due to martensitic microstructure and residual stresses. Both heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing improve the plane-stress fracture toughness and FCG performance considerably, while surface machining shows slight effect.     

切向孔直径精度对离心喷嘴性能影响

为解决离心喷嘴流量系数理论计算与试验偏差普遍较大的问题,采用Fluent两相流模型计算了不同切向孔直径下的喷雾锥角、流量系数等性能参数,分析发现切向孔直径加工精度对离心喷嘴流量系数有较显著的影响.通过塞规测量了4个喷嘴的切向孔直径,利用切向孔直径测量平均值建立几何模型,计算了较大范围不同压降下的喷嘴性能,并与试验结果进...     

天窗对轿车内部流场及气动噪声的影响

应用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT的大涡模拟方法,对带天窗简化Golf 1.6轿车内部流场及驾驶员左耳附近接收点处气动噪声进行了数值计算与分析.得到不同天窗形式下轿车内部驾驶员对称面上的速度矢量场、压力场分布情况以及接收点处声压级频域图.分析得出随着天窗后移及加宽,接收点处声压级逐渐减小,且综合考虑速度分布,工况1位置与尺寸较合理.      

考虑横流与旋转对湍流边界层影响的分析

本文分析了在湍流边界层方程中考虑横流以估计近壁面存在横流引起的动量输运和旋转影响。计算二维湍流边界层的Pantakar-Spalding基本方法仍然毫不困难地被使用在这个分析中,以不失计算的简单性。文中算例表明,用本文分析所得的边界层计算结果更符合于实验值。