2D C/SiC-ZrB2复合材料的烧蚀性能

用ZrB2微粉对2D C/SiC基体进行改性,研究了化学气相渗透结合浆料浸渍及先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备2DC/SiC-ZrB2复合材料在氧-乙炔焰和1800℃甲烷风洞环境中的烧蚀行为.结果表明:在氧-乙炔环境中,2D C/SiC-ZrB2的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为6.1×10-2 mm/s和1.0×10 -2g/s,相对2D C/SiC复合材料而言,ZrB2微粉并没有提高C/SiC复合材料的抗烧蚀性能.在1800℃甲烷风洞环境中,涂层致密度起主要作用,涂层致密度相同时,复合材料的开气孔率越大,质量烧蚀率越大,ZrB2微粉的渗入对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀性能影响不大.     

石墨表面CVD SiC涂层微观结构研究

研究CH3SiCl3-H2-Ar体系中在石墨表面化学气相沉积SiC涂层工艺,并对涂层形貌进行SEM分析。考察沉积温度、气体比例、气体流量以及稀释气体含量对化学气相沉积SiC涂层的显微结构的影响。结果表明,在温度1100℃,H2∶MTS=5∶3,气体流量8L/min,稀释气体1L/min时,制备的涂层致密光滑。其中涂层的形貌对温度最敏感,当沉积温度达到1100℃时,CVD SiC涂层表面致密且光滑。     

我国碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料抗烧蚀改性进展研究

碳纤维增强SiC基复合材料(C/SiC)因具有耐高温、抗氧化、高比强和高比模等优点,被认为是代替高温合金作为热结构材料最有潜力的备选材料之一。由于碳纤维抗氧化性能差以及SiC基体在超高温烧蚀环境下氧化产物易挥发等问题,需要对C/SiC复合材料进行抗烧蚀改性。目前,针对C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的途径主要有优化碳纤维预制体结构和增加复合材料的致密度、采用超高温陶瓷改性SiC基体以及在复合材料表面制备抗烧蚀涂层。综述了国内关于C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性的研究工作,同时提出了抗烧蚀改性制备工艺过程中面临的关键问题,为C/SiC复合材料抗烧蚀改性研究提供了思路。     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

ZrB2 改性C/ C-SiC 复合材料性能研究

采用碳纤维复合网胎针刺预制体,通过溶液浸渍工艺制备了碳纤维增强C/C-SiC和C/C-SiC-ZrB2陶瓷基复合材料,并对材料的力学、热物理和烧蚀性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料的面内弯曲强度、厚度方向的压缩强度、层间剪切强度分别为199、274和19.3 MPa,各性能均低于对应的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料。针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2材料与针刺C/C-SiC材料相比,热导率得到大幅度提高,而线胀系数略微有所降低。2 500 K、600 s风洞试验后,针刺C/C-SiC-ZrB2复合材料表现出良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,质量烧蚀率约0.4×10-4g/s。     

三维针刺C/SiC在等离子焰中的烧蚀行为

采用CVI制备了三维针刺C/SiC复合材料,利用等离子烧蚀对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行了分析.结果表明:复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为131.3μm/s和74.2 g/s,对应的标准偏差分别为4.9μm/s和4.7 mg/s.微结构观察显示烧蚀表面不同区域其烧蚀机理不同,烧蚀中心以升华烧蚀为主,过渡区主要是升华烧蚀和等离子流的剪切剥蚀为主,而烧蚀边缘则以热氧化为主.     

浆料-烧结法制备ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层及性能研究

通过浆料刷涂-烧结法在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备了ZrB2-SiC-B4C超高温陶瓷涂层,研究了浆料中粉末填料、稀释剂的质量分数及高温烧结温度对涂层形貌、成分和相组成的影响。结果表明:当粉末填料与树脂质量比为1∶1、稀释剂与树脂质量比为1∶2、高温烧结温度为1 500℃时,在Cf/SiC表面可形成致密、结合力强的ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层。涂层内部相组织均匀,Ra1μm,孔隙率约为4. 2%,平均拉伸剪切强度约为5. 4MPa。1 500℃等温氧化30 h后,有涂层Cf/SiC复合材料的失重率约为10. 7%,涂层表面形成了完整的含有ZrO2-SiO2的复合氧化膜,为基体提供了有效的氧化防护。这说明Cf/SiC复合材料表面涂覆ZrB2-SiC-B4C涂层有望满足高温燃流环境的使用要求。     

C／SiC复合材料与CVDSiC涂层的结合性能研究

采用先驱体转化法(PIP方法)制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料,通过调整多孔预制件的体积密度制备出不同组分比的C/SiC复合材料。结果显示,C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数随着复合材料中SiC含量的增加而增加,其与CVDSiC涂层之间的热匹配也相应增加,通过CVI方法制备梯度过渡层,在C/SiC复合材料表面制备出致密度较高的CVDSiC涂层。     

C/ C-Cu 复合材料的烧蚀性能

以聚丙烯腈预氧化纤维针刺毡为预制体,经碳化后采用CVI和树脂浸渍(IR)工艺制备出不同密度的多孔C/C预制件,然后采用气体压力浸渗方法制备了C/C-Cu复合材料.采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰对C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能进行测试考核.结果表明:以密度为0.99 g/cm3的C/C预制件制备出的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率均小于密度为1.9 g/cm3的C/C复合材料,其烧蚀性能良好;在烧蚀过程中C/C-Cu的铜基体的熔化吸收了大量的热量,降低了材料的表面温度,提高了材料的抗烧蚀性能;烧蚀机制主要是热氧化烧蚀和机械冲刷的综合作用.     

CVD-SiC阵列结构对ZrB2/SiC涂层抗烧蚀性影响

采用飞秒激光在化学气相沉积(CVD)-SiC中间层表面制备不同尺寸的阵列,研究了阵列结构对ZrB₂/SiC涂层性能的影响。结果表明,随着激光刻蚀频次的增大,阵列结构的深度从30μm增大到150μm。采用氧乙炔烧蚀600 s,ZrB₂/SiC涂层烧蚀表面温度随CVD-SiC微结构深度增大而逐步降低,最低的表面温度达到1 700°C,下降了约200℃。烧蚀中心区域的颜色从白色过渡到浅灰色。对于激光刻蚀频次为5的试样,在600 s的单次烧蚀后,质量烧蚀率和线性烧蚀率分别为-7.4×10^-5 g/s和-13.3μm/s。阵列结构增大了ZrB₂/SiC涂层与CVD-SiC中间层的接触面积,从而增强了导热性能,减少了热积聚,进而改善了ZrB₂/SiC涂层的抗烧蚀性能。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.