纳米孔ZrO_2气凝胶的制备研究

以硝酸氧锆(ZrO(NO3)2.5H2O)为原料,采用水热法和超临界干燥技术制备了ZrO2气凝胶.利用SEM和BET等测试手段对所得气凝胶的结构和孔特征进行表征,分析了孔隙分布情况和孔结构.结果表明:气凝胶具有典型的纳米孔隙结构,孔径5＜Dp＜60nm,比表面积达916.5m2/g,孔分布均匀.对ZrO2凝胶过程进行了探讨.     

水热-凝胶法ZrO2 气凝胶的制备与表征

以硝酸氧锆为锆源,尿素为凝胶促进剂,通过水热凝胶法结合超临界乙醇干燥,可成功制备出具
有良好纳米三维网络结构的ZrO2 气凝胶。采用透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET),X 射线衍
射仪等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,ZrO2 气凝胶主要由无定型和四方晶相组成,其比表
面积为445 m2 / g,孔径主要分布在5 ~7 nm 和30 ~40 nm 两处。     

硅酸钙复合纳米孔超级绝热板材的研制

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2气凝胶先驱体,而后采用真空浸渍工艺将SiO2气凝胶先驱体与硬硅钙石复合,最后经超临界干燥技术制备出了硅酸钙复合纳米孔超级绝热板材。研究了硬硅钙石密度、浸渍真空度、气凝胶原料配比对硅酸钙板材增重率的影响。结果表明,增重率随硬硅钙石密度的减小而增大,但随浸渍真空度和气凝胶原料配比中正硅酸乙酯的增加而增大。对制得的超级绝热板材进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜、孔径分布等测试;结果表明,这种材料具有纳米孔结构特征(平均孔径为9.1 nm,孔径小于50 nm的孔超过80%,其他都在80 nm以内),常温常压下热导率为25 mW/(m.K),匀温灼烧试验(1 273 K)的线性收缩率仅为1%,并且无贯穿裂纹。因此有望用作航天飞机的隔热瓦,具有潜在的航天应用前景。     

块状RF 有机气凝胶的常压干燥制备及结构控制

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,无水碳酸为催化剂,在常压干燥条件下可成功制备出具有良好纳米网络结构的RF气凝胶。采用SEM、比表面测量仪及孔径分布仪(BET)等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,通过改变R/C可以实现有机气凝胶的颗粒直径及孔洞由纳米到微米级的连续调节.此外采用常压干燥法所得到的有机气凝胶样品具有321～632 kg/m3的低密度,其中密度为428 kg/m3的样品的比表面积为188 m2/g。     

SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温稳定性

以ZrOCl2·8H2O 为锆源,以环氧丙烷( PO) 为凝胶促进剂制备ZrO2 凝胶,将ZrO2 凝胶置于正硅
酸乙酯乙醇溶液中老化,再结合高温超临界干燥工艺制备了SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶。通过对比ZrO2 气凝胶和
SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构转变讨论了SiO2 改性对ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构的影响。采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM
和TEM 等分析手段对样品进行高温结构表征。结果表明:采用正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液老化ZrO2 凝胶后,在ZrO2
凝胶粒子表面形成了一层SiO2 包裹层,这层SiO2 包裹层显著抑制了ZrO2 的扩散、成核和生长过程,高温稳定
性得以显著提高。     

致密孔阵气膜冷却绝热温比和对流换热系数的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了气膜孔叉排方式下孔间距和吹风比对致密孔阵气膜冷却绝热温比和对流换热系数的影响.结果表明:减小相邻孔间距与孔径比或增加吹风比,平均壁面温度就越低,且温度分布更为均匀,绝热温比提高,热侧壁面平均换热系数也随之增大;相对于增加气膜孔阵的密集程度而言,吹风比的增加所带来的绝热温比改善和对流换热系数增加幅度略有减弱.特别是当吹风比大于1以后,吹风比的影响程度比较微弱.      

柔性氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料的制备和性能

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,高硅氧纤维为增强体,采用氨水催化一步法制备了柔性的纤维增强氧化硅气凝胶隔热复合材料。当pH=7时,气凝胶的比表面积最大;水含量增大,比表面积降低;乙醇含量增大,比表面积增大,EtOH/TEOS(摩尔比)大于10以上,比表面积增加不明显,趋于稳定。以比表面积较大的气凝胶作为基体的柔性复合材料常温热导率为0.031 W/(m.K)[纯高硅氧纤维毡为0.044 W/(m.K)]。该柔性隔热材料安装方便,特别适用于大面积、不规则形状的包覆隔热。     

SiO_2-C复合气凝胶的制备及其结构

以间苯二酚(R)和甲醛(F)为碳源,以3-胺丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为硅源,一步溶胶一凝胶法简单快捷地合成了SiO_2-RF复合气凝胶,高温碳化后得到SiO_2-C复合气凝胶,并用扫描电镜、比表面分析仪对所得样品的结构进行了研究,并讨论了不同投料比对气凝胶结构的影响.结果表明碳化前,投料比APTES/R=1时,所得气凝胶具有最大的比表面积(S_(BET)=606.1 m~2/g),碳化后,由于体积收缩和酚醛热解产生新孔隙双重因素的影响,投料比AFTES/R=1/2时样品的比表面积达到最大(S_(BET)=704.2 m~2/g).     

有机－无机杂化介孔二氧化硅的合成与表征

以正硅酸乙酯和含有亚脲基的桥联硅烷为前驱体,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,在碱性条件下制备了具有"蠕虫状"双介孔孔道结构和高比表面积的杂化介孔二氧化硅材料,并采用XRD、FTIR、NMR、TEM、SEM等手段对制备的材料进行表征.研究发现,亚脲基均匀地嵌入到介孔孔壁中,随孔壁中亚脲基基团含量的增加,介孔二氧化硅的有序性下降,比表面积减小.     

热处理对纤维增强SiO2气凝胶性能的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶隔热材料,对基体SiO_2气凝胶及复合材料进行不同温度的热处理.利用扫描电镜、比表面积和孔径测试仪和导热仪等手段对处理后材料的微观结构和常温隔热性能进行表征.结果表明:复合材料经低于700℃处理后,材料基体的微观结构略有变化,常温隔热性能基本保持不变;经1000℃处理的纳米结构发生了烧结、纳米孔含量减少,常温隔热性能显著降低.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.