推行作业管理增强企业竞争能力

作业管理是因应计算机技术的广泛推广和应用而产生的,基于作业的成本核算是作业管理的核心,它完全改变了传统的成本核算方法,使成本计量更加准确可靠.以基于作业的成本核算为基础的企业生产经营全过程的作业管理,将有助于企业过程和流程的优化,有利于提高管理效率.     

过程控制在起重作业管理中的应用

起重作业管理隶属于安全生产管理范畴,本文针对企业起重作业管理上存在的问题,阐述了把起重作业纳入质量管理中过程控制的意义和基本要求。     

作业成本法在我国企业的应用分析

通过分析作业成本法应用的生产条件，阐述了作业成本法作为成本计算方法和作业管理方法的运用范围，并对我国推广运用成本法，将企业从传统管理会计推向增值管理会计，提出了若干建议。     

绩效考评在企业管理实践中应用的研究

本文就绩效考评的作用、方法及在企业管理实践中的运用展开讨论，以具体事例说明在企业管理中有效地实施绩效考评，有利于提高员工的工作能力与业务素质，有利于企业的经营和发展。     

对公司节能降耗工作的思考

节能降耗工作如何适应企业的需要，只有把节能降耗工作逐步引向深入，才能有利于企业发展。     

使用工程量清单报价控制工程造价之浅析

工程量清单报价是国际上通用的工程招标投标方式，是欧美发达国家和世界金融组织国内贷款项目普遍使用的方法，我国加入世贸组织后，承诺建筑市场将进一步对外开放，采用国际上通行的做法，有利于增进国际经济往来，也有利于增强国内建筑企业参与国际竞争。     

企业文化培训探讨

企业文化建设是企业可持续发展的必然要求，有利于企业生存、发展、壮大，并能促进企业走上科学规范的，体现以人为本思想的良性发展轨道。随着近几年民航体制改革的不断深入，企业文化建设也相应受到了民航企业的重视，民航各企业纷纷采取措施进行企业文化的建设，并取得了一定的成绩。但目前，一些民航企业在进行企业文化建设过程中对企业文化培训的重视程度还不够深入，     

单机定包管理的思考与实践

我国民用航空运输起步较晚,相对于发达国家滞后十几年或更长时间,因此在企业管理和创新中存有较多弊端,多年来计划经济的色彩还没有完全超脱,市场经济的意识和现代企业制度并没有真正建立起来。这些问题不仅阻碍了民航企业的改革发展,同时也不利于在市场经济条件下的公平竞争。山东航空公司自1994年成立以来,就始终处于激烈的市场竞争前沿,可以说他们是在各大航空公司夹缝中成长并快速壮大的最后一家地方航空公司。开民航之先河的空地勤团体单机作业管理（简称“单机定包管理”）,就是山航在创业创新过程中的一项大胆实践,通过四年多的运行,已显示出巨大的优越性和不可低估的经济效益,并获得第八届国家级企业管理现代化创新成果二等奖,民航总局领导对此管理创新成果也给予了高度评价。     

关于航空运输全球化问题(续)

AnAnalysisoftheGlobalizationoftheAirTransport五、航空运输全球化与私有化资本主义国家将公有航空运输企业私有化和发展中国家对国有航空运输企业进行产权制度改革，实行完全私有化或部分私有化，是适应国家政策调整和航空运输全球化、区域化的要求。航宇公司公有产权的私有化，切断了国家对航空运输企业进行干预的纽带，有利于企业产权重组，扩大航空公司规模和放松对航空运输企业的管理，加强市场配置航空运输资源的作用，提高效益。30年代起，凯恩斯等经济学家提出的现代市场经济是政府宏观干预下的市场经济，成为资本主义国家经济…     

全球航空自由化私有化与我国民航市场化民营化

“放松管制”和“私有化”被形象地比喻为双胞胎，两者相辅相成．如出一辙。实行“放松管制”政策，自然需要企业私有化，企业“私有化”有利于推行“放松管制”政策，在我国民航业的市场化进程中，必须同步地大力推进民营化进程；只有二者紧密结合，才能实现从民航大国到民航强国的跨越。     

Modeling of dynamic evolution of coronal loops

Parameters of expanding magnetic loops and arches and of mass flows generated by them in the corona have been computed in a 1D two-fluid approximation. Two possible trigger mechanisms of the coronal transients have been considered: (i) sudden increase of the background magnetic field strength, and (ii) heating and compression plasma inside these magnetic structures. We discuss the formation of shock waves and their dependence on dynamics and geometry of the magnetic structures.     

Impact of Solar Activity on Stratospheric Ozone and NO2 Observed by Gomos/Envisat

Energetic proton precipitation occurring during solar events can increase the production of odd nitrogen in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A very intense solar proton event (SPE) occurred on 28 October 2003. Its impact on the composition of the middle atmosphere was observed in details due to the availability of several space instruments. Here we present GOMOS observations of a strong NO₂increase and a related ozone decrease in the upper stratosphere at north polar latitude. The perturbation of the chemical composition of the stratosphere was observed until the middle of December 2003. A strong NO₂ increase was also observed in the south polar vortex in June-July 2003. It is tentatively attributed to the effect of an SPE with protons of moderate energy occurring on 29 May 2003. If this hypothesis is confirmed, it will imply that the global effect of SPEs on the composition of the stratosphere is underestimated when only strong energy SPEs are considered.     

基于星载加速度计反演载人航天轨道大气密度

热层大气密度直接影响低轨道航天器的精密定轨,热层大气密度模型的误差是影响载人航天定轨精度的关键因素。选取400km为载人航天轨道的代表高度,利用CHAMP卫星数据修正热层大气密度模型,进而反演得到2002年的热层大气密度,统计其中长期变化特征,并分析大气密度与太阳活动和地磁活动的关系,得出热层大气密度与两种指数的总体变化趋势一致的结论,且地磁活动与大气密度的相关性更好。同时将大气密度的反演值与神舟三号飞船的实测密度值进行对比,结果显示二者有较好的一致性,其平均残差和均方根误差分别为0．03和0．24,并且地磁平静期的误差明显小于磁暴期。结果表明,利用星载加速度计数据反演载人航天轨道大气密度是一种有效的方法。     

创业氛围与环境优化

创业环境的优化是一个内外协同演进的共生过程,培育一定的创业氛围是其中至关重要的中间环节。创业环境包括两个组成部分：内生决定的创业氛围和外部影响的创业条件。现阶段,决定我国创业水平的环境因素是创业氛围,它表现为显在与潜在的创业者行为方式,是一种主观的生态环境。不同区域创业环境优化的政策思路应当有别,落后的中西部地区创业环境建设的关键在于形成一定的创业氛围,否则,客观的创业条件再怎么改善也很难有效刺激创业活动。     

Global solar magnetic field evolution inferred from geomagnetic variations

I have analyzed geomagnetic disturbance index C9, mean solar magnetic field observed at Stanford Solar Observatory for the interval January 13, 1976 – December 30, 1993. It has been established a good correspondence between high-intensity geomagnetic recurrent and solar magnetic field patterns during whole period analyzed. A surprising thing is that the behavior of the solar mean field and interplanetary medium in the latest two solar cycles is very similar. Geomagnetic activity variations actually could serve as an ecliptic monitor of solar magnetic field structure and its evolution.     

Observations of Irradiance Variations

Since November 1978 a complete set of total solar irradiance (TSI) measurements from space is available, yielding a time series of 21 years. From measurements made by different space radiometers (HF on NIMBUS-7, ACRIM I on SMM, ACRIM II on UARS and VIRGO on SOHO) a composite record of TSI can be compiled. The corrections which are needed for each radiometer, mainly to compensate for degradation, but also for operational influences are described. ACRIM I (1980–1989) and ACRIM II (1992–1995) are taken as reference because their degradation was monitored by inflight comparisons with spare radiometers; since 1996 VIRGO is used as reference. The scale of ACRIM II is adjusted to ACRIM I by comparison with NIMBUS-7 and ERBE. The reliability of this adjustment depends strongly on the stability of the HF and ERBE radiometer during the period of the gap between the ACRIMs which is discussed in detail together with an assessment of the overall precision of the composite.     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

The Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere: Theory and Models

Almost all theoretical and numerical models for the modulation of cosmic ray in the heliosphere are based on Parker's transport equation which contains all the important basic physical processes. The relative importance of the various mechanisms is however not established and may vary significantly over 22 years. The simultaneous measurements of solar wind parameters, heliospheric magnetic field properties and cosmic rays over a wide range of energies and positions in the heliosphere have brought the realization that modulation is much more complicated than what the original drift models predicted. In the process the sophistication of models based on solving Parker's equation has increased by orders of magnitude. A short review of the global modulation of cosmic rays is given from a theoretical and modelling point of view.     

军航活动下扇区动态容量评估研究

民航业迅速发展,空域资源的稀缺性日益凸显。科学合理地评估空域容量是解决空中交通流量瓶颈的关键,同时也为制定流量管理策略提供科学的依据。由于我国体制的特殊性,军航活动一直是我国空域资源限制的重要因素。研究并详细分析军航活动对扇区容量损失作用的机理,定量地评估军航活动对扇区容量的影响,建立军航活动影响下的扇区动态容量评估模型,结论表明模型有一定的参考意义。     

金属橡胶技术应用研究

金属橡胶作为一种先进的新型功能材料,它主要为了满足航空航天飞行器上的特殊需要,解决高低温、高压、高真空及剧烈振动等环境下的密封、减振、过滤等疑难问题。通过开展金属橡胶材料在军机密封技术和阻尼隔振技术两方面的应用研究,从根本上解决液压系统在低温条件下的活动密封泄漏问题,彻底解决因橡胶隔振器存在易腐蚀、易老化、耐高低温能力差等不足造成管路事故频发的问题。