改善反作用轮低速性能的补偿观测器方法

基于Ｄａｈｌ摩擦模型,给出了用于卫星姿态三轴稳定控制的反作用轮低速动力学方程,就反作用轮转速过零对卫星姿态产生的扰动现象进行了分析,提出了一种利用非线性观测器估计摩擦力矩,并予以补偿的补偿观测器方法。仿真结果表明,该方法改善了反作用轮低速性能,提高了卫星姿态控制的指向精度和稳定度。     

微小卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真设计及验证

针对利用反作用飞轮作为执行机构的微小卫星姿态控制系统,详细讨论了基于dSPACE实时仿真机、单轴气浮转台、星载计算机及陀螺和反作用飞轮实物的卫星姿态控制系统半物理仿真的方案设计;并利用该系统对仅用反作用飞轮的卫星姿态大角度机动控制模式进行了半物理仿真验证。仿真结果表明根据陀螺和反作用飞轮现有精度,设计的大角度姿态机动控制算法能够满足分系统技术要求,同时验证了半物理仿真系统方案设计合理、可靠。     

基于神经网络的多卫星姿态协同控制预测模型

摘要： 针对多卫星近距离对空间目标监测中的姿态协同控制问题，研究基于神经网络的智能控制模型.首先设计了面向任意姿态控制方法的神经网络自适应控制模型，该模型不改变卫星姿态控制方法本身，而是接收由理想控制模型生成的理想控制量，理想控制量经过神经网络后直接生成适用于卫星的控制量.根据神经网络对控制系统的系统级状态预测，基于一致性控制协议，设计了多卫星姿态协同控制模型.采用等效姿态角，通过数值仿真，分别验证了预测控制方法、输出状态预测、协同控制的方法正确性和有效性.     

一种轮控卫星姿态机动变结构控制器

针对小卫星3轴反作用轮姿态控制系统的非线性特性,应用误差四元数来描述姿态运动,将星体大角度姿态机动问题转化为误差四元数的调节问题.利用误差四元数和误差角速度建立滑动模态,并基于Lyapunov定理推导出一种姿态机动的引入角加速度负反馈的变结构控制律.仿真结果表明,该控制律能够提高收敛速度,降低机动过程中角速度的超调量和对起始力矩的要求.同时,在模型参数不确定和有外干扰的情况下该控制律也具有全局稳定性和鲁棒性.      

高精度大力矩补偿机构仿真模型

用于高稳定度卫星载荷扰动力矩补偿的补偿机构设计原理与力矩模式反作用轮类似,但具有输出力矩大、摩擦力矩大和饱和转速低的特点,且目前无针对性的仿真模型.迫于姿态控制系统的仿真需求,根据补偿机构的结构,合理简化的驱动控制电路的设计并结合反作用轮的建模方法,给出了详细的仿真模型.     

“风云一号” B 卫星姿态控制系统

“风云一号”气象卫星姿态控制系统采用了三轴稳定对地定向的主动控制方案。已发射了两颗（Ａ、Ｂ）卫星,其中Ｂ星是在Ａ星主控系统的基础上,增加了一个完整的备份系统,采取一系列冗余措施并设计全方位姿态重新捕获的故障对策。经飞行试验及在轨故障应急处理证明,系统设计是完善和成功的,其中反作用飞轮控制、偏置动量控制、磁章动进动和飞轮卸载控制、全方位姿态重新捕获方案在中国是首次采用,均取得了较好的飞行效果,为长寿命卫星姿态控制系统的设计积累了宝贵经验。     

航天器反作用轮扰动建模及参数辨识

为预测反作用轮微振动对航天器产生的影响,提出了一种改进的扰动模型.由于共振造成的扰动放大是反作用轮扰动对卫星姿态精度的最重要影响,改进模型通过引入放大系数体现结构固有频率对扰动的影响.鉴于改进模型的非线性特性,应用模拟退火遗传算法对改进模型进行了参数辨识.设计刚性六分量力测试平台对反作用轮扰动进行测试,并利用实测数据对改进模型及参数辨识结果进行验证.验证结果表明:改进模型准确地反映了反作用轮的扰动特点,模拟退火遗传算法可以提高参数辨识的精度.     

改善航天器反作用轮扰动实验模型参数的辨识方法

反作用轮系统是影响航天器姿控系统精度的主要扰动源之一.建立反作用轮扰动模型的目的是预测扰动对航天器产生的影响,并采取相应的控制方法和隔离系统.基于反作用轮的扰动实验模型,通过对反作用轮扰动实验数据的分析,确定出反作用轮扰动实验模型中的参数:谐波数和幅值系数,并在此基础上提出了能量补偿法,最后进行了数值仿真.结果表明,谐波数的辨识精度不超过0.04%,当采用振幅谱法计算幅值系数时,误差高达15.5%;而用能量补偿法,其幅值系数的精度不超过1.1%.可见能量补偿法提高了幅值系数的辨识精度.本文研究为改善航天器姿态控制精度和稳定度奠定了一定的基础.      

飞轮控制的欠驱动刚体航天器姿态控制器设计

针对"三正交加斜装"反作用轮系统中某两个本体轴上的飞轮失效的欠驱动情况,研究了航天器的姿态控制问题.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,设计分段解耦控制律,实现了姿态稳定.采用欧拉角描述法建立了欠驱动航天器的姿态动力学方程和运动学方程.在系统初始角动量为零的条件下,通过分析方程的解耦特性,设计了分段解耦控制律.该方法经过6次机动控制,可实现姿态稳定.数值仿真验证了方法的有效性.     

基于多目标优化的微纳卫星群姿态控制

在微纳卫星群姿态控制中,要求多个卫星相互协同,能够快速达到期望的目标姿态,同时要求能耗最小.本文提出微纳卫星群姿态控制的多目标优化模型,以同时优化卫星姿态的角度误差和降低能耗2个性能指标函数.基于MATLAB用弹性约束法求解该优化问题,得到了多目标优化的帕累托前沿,并给出了其相应的卫星姿态,实现了多个微纳卫星姿态机动控制和协同控制.仿真结果表明本文运用的多目标优化方法在微纳卫星姿态机动控制和协同控制中是有效的.     

Jitter reduction of a reaction wheel by management of angular momentum using magnetic torquers in nano- and micro-satellites

Nowadays, nano- and micro-satellites, which are smaller than conventional large satellites, provide access to space to many satellite developers, and they are attracting interest as an application of space development because development is possible over shorter time period at a lower cost. In most of these nano- and micro-satellite missions, the satellites generally must meet strict attitude requirements for obtaining scientific data under strict constraints of power consumption, space, and weight. In many satellite missions, the jitter of a reaction wheel degrades the performance of the mission detectors and attitude sensors; therefore, jitter should be controlled or isolated to reduce its effect on sensor devices. In conventional standard-sized satellites, tip-tilt mirrors (TTMs) and isolators are used for controlling or isolating the vibrations from reaction wheels; however, it is difficult to use these devices for nano- and micro-satellite missions under the strict power, space, and mass constraints. In this research, the jitter of reaction wheels is reduced by using accurate sensors, small reaction wheels, and slow rotation frequency reaction wheel instead of TTMs and isolators. The objective of a reaction wheel in many satellite missions is the management of the satellite’s angular momentum, which increases because of attitude disturbances. If the magnitude of the disturbance is reduced in orbit or on the ground, the magnitude of the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain from attitude disturbances in orbit becomes smaller; therefore, satellites can stabilize their attitude using only smaller reaction wheels or slow rotation speed, which cause relatively smaller vibration. In nano- and micro-satellite missions, the dominant attitude disturbance is a magnetic torque, which can be cancelled by using magnetic actuators. With the magnetic compensation, the satellite reduces the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain, and therefore, satellites do not require large reaction wheels and higher rotation speed, which cause jitter. As a result, the satellite can reduce the effect of jitter without using conventional isolators and TTMs. Hence, the satellites can achieve precise attitude control under low power, space, and mass constraints using this proposed method. Through the example of an astronomical observation mission using nano- and micro-satellites, it is demonstrated that the jitter reduction using small reaction wheels is feasible in nano- and micro-satellites.     

A study of reaction wheel configurations for a 3-axis satellite attitude control

The satellite reaction wheel’s configuration plays also an important role in providing the attitude control torques. Several configurations based on three or four reaction wheels are investigated in order to identify the most suitable orientation that consumes a minimum power. Such information in a coherent form is not summarized in any publication; and therefore, an extensive literature search is required to obtain these results. In addition, most of the available results are from different test conditions; hence, making them difficult for comparison purposes. In this work, the standard reaction wheel control and angular momentum unloading schemes are adopted for all the reaction wheel configurations. The schemes will be presented together with their governing equations, making them fully amenable to numerical treatments. Numerical simulations are then performed for all the possible reaction wheel configurations with respect to an identical reference mission. All the configurations are analyzed in terms of their torques, momentums and attitude control performances. Based on the simulations, the reaction wheel configuration that has a minimum total control torque level is identified, which also corresponds to the configuration with minimum power consumption.     

挠性卫星姿态快速机动控制

挠性卫星在快速机动中既要满足快速性要求, 又要抑制挠性附件产生的振动。文章提出了一种基于非约束模态方程的方波序列控制方法, 并给出了最小机动时间的方波规划方法。该方法不仅保证机动后无余振, 而且满足最快机动的要求; 此外, 由于控制输出为方波, 因而适合卫星的喷气推力器控制模式和飞轮控制模式, 最后通过数字仿真验证了方波序列控制的有效性。     

System-level prognostics approach for failure prediction of reaction wheel motor in satellites

The reaction wheels actuated by motors are widely used for advanced attitude control of satellites. During the satellite operation, the performance of reaction wheel motor degrades and results in unexpected failures. To guarantee the reliability and safety of satellites, it is important to predict its remaining useful life while it is in operation. To address this issue, this study presents a system-level prognostics approach for the reaction wheel motor, by regarding it as a system composed of multiple components. The approach is demonstrated by using the motor operation data obtained during the accelerated-life tests on ground for 3 years. Health degradation of each components of the motor are estimated using the adaptive extended Kalman filter. Failure threshold of the motor performance is established by the design requirement on characteristic curve. The anomaly detection and failure prediction are performed using the shifting kernel particle filter.     

零动量轮卫星姿态控制系统研究

针对零动量轮卫星控制系统解耦和进动抑制问题,提出了一种新的进动抑制方案。分析了仅靠飞轮控制的零动量轮卫星系统的稳定性。将偏置动量轮卫星的进动和章动抑制原理引入零动量控制系统,并针对零动量轮卫星自身特性,对磁控制规律进行改进,解决了不解耦情况下零动量轮卫星的进动抑制问题。仿真结果验证了所提方案的可行性和有效性。     

飞轮转速过零时卫星姿态的非线性控制

当飞轮转速过零时,摩擦力矩发生非线性变化,控制作 用力矩出现不确定性,从而影响卫星的姿态控制性能。文章基于一种具有鲁棒性的非线性控 制方法,发展了简单、可靠和稳定的非线性反馈控制律。仿真实例表明,该方法能够有效地 抑制反作用飞轮转速过零时引起的姿态扰动,从而实现高精度的卫星姿态控制。     

一种偏置动量卫星的三轴姿态控制方法

提出了一种滚动一偏航平面两自由度偏置动量控制方法。在分析某通信卫星平台所受的环境干扰力矩对姿态扰动的基础上,依据Y轴偏置动量大小的影响、构型的角动量包络、动量轮最大角动量变化值和可靠性等参数,与现有的四轮金字塔构型两自由度偏置动量控制进行了比较,其性能更优越。     

空间绳系拖拽系统摆动特性与平稳控制

考虑了任务星与废星的姿态运动以及系统组合体的面内外姿态运动,建立了绳系拖拽离轨系统动力学与控制模型,以切向常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移为任务过程,分析了任务星在喷气和零动量轮的限制姿态反馈控制条件下飞行时,废星姿态摆动、系统组合体面内外摆动和任务星姿态运动的规律及相互影响关系。采用留位和阻尼控制相结合的系绳张力复合控制方法,并结合任务星姿态控制,确保绳系拖拽转移安全平稳进行。仿真结果表明:常值推力下绳系拖拽轨道转移时,牵挂点偏置诱发的废星姿态周期性摆动会激发绳系组合体的面内外同频率高阶摆动,星体姿态运动是任务星姿态扰动力矩产生的主要因素;采用张力复合控制可有效消除废星姿态摆动并保持星间相对距离,结合任务星姿态控制,可实现离轨过程的平稳与安全,大幅减少任务星的姿控能耗。