民用飞机型号合格审定计划的制定方法

在民用飞机型号合格适航取证过程中，申请方需要开展符合性验证试验、试飞、分析等符合性验证活动来证明飞机型号设计符合相应的型号合格审定基础，以获得适航当局颁发的型号合格证。在此过程中，需要将符合性验证活动分解为便于管理的任务，使这些任务得以合理、有序地完成，这类分解后的符合性验证活动的载体就是一份份型号合格审定计划。审定计划是民用飞机型号合格取证的关键工具，它提供了详细的产品描述和成功完成取证的工作要求。分析了审定计划的适航规章要求和行业标准要求以及两者之间的异同，结合国内民用飞机型号的适航取证经验，提出了审定计划的规划原则、内容要求和协调性检查要求，为国内民用飞机型号合格审定计划的规划和制定提供参考。     

民用机载系统与设备适航取证研究

适航性是民用机载系统与设备发展的最低安全要求,机载设备不满足适航要求将无法装机使用,许多制造人员也缺少全流程适航经验,对未来行业发展影响严重。本文通过对民用飞机机载设备的取证方式、取证路径,以及适航组织管理和主要工作等方面的阐述,为各机载系统供应商的系统或设备适航取证工作提供支持。本文认为,对于申请取证的机载系统和设备,各机载供应商应采用"自顶向下、分层分级"的适航取证路径,确立审定计划,包括适航审定基础和符合性方法等,通过开展单独取证或随机取证工作,满足项目适航性需求,提高供应商系统和设备研制能力。     

机载软件计划阶段评审研究

本文针对机载软件研制流程,分析了机载软件适航审查,包括4个阶段:软件计划阶段评审(SOI#1)、软件开发阶段评审(SOI#2)、软件验证阶段评审(SOI#3)和软件最终审定评审(SOI#4)。本文在对高升力系统软件功能进行分析的基础上,给出了高升力系统软件SOI#1审查的软件生命周期数据、SOI#1评审目标和过程,为软件后续评审奠定了基础。     

民机研制适航取证总体技术方案探讨

本文基于对型号研制阶段及适航当局开展型号合格审定阶段的分析,研究作为申请人在型号研制中如何有效开展适航取证工作、适航取证工作与设计研发工作有机融合的途径与方法,归纳总结提出适航取证总体技术方案的框架。适航取证总体技术方案是指导型号合格适航取证全过程工作的总体部署与规划,是民机研制中重要的、不可缺少的纲领性文件。     

民用飞机协同研制模式下的适航管理体系建设研究

随着民用飞机数字化集成协同研制的快速发展,传统的适航管理体制已经越来越不适应数字化、信息化、网络化的飞机协同研制需求,迫切需要建立一个与之相适应的适航管理体系。从协同研制构架入手,分析协同研制的特点和关键技术,重点论述该模式下适航管理体系的构成、特性和作用范围,提出协同研制模式下适航管理体系的建设目标。给出型号合格审定过程适航工程协同管理的构建方案。该方案可以实现对研制全过程的适航管控、规范适航审查活动、缩短型号取证周期和研制进度,进而为型号研制成功和商业成功奠定了基础。     

民用飞机燃油系统负加速度试飞技术研究

一个新型的民用飞机要投入航线使用,必须经过适航合格取证试飞,获得型号合格证、生产许可证和适航证,具备三证才允许走向市场。民用飞机适航取证试飞项目有许多,其中负加速度试飞是民用飞机燃油系统适航取证试验的重要验证项目。民用飞机负加速度试飞在国内尚属首次,具有对机组操纵技术要求高、风险难度大的特点。结合某型民机燃油系统合格审定试飞,研究了民用飞机负加速度的试飞技术,提出了用抛物线试飞方法来完成负加速度试飞任务。主要介绍了负加速度试飞中可能出现问题、试飞前应准备的工作、试飞方法等,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

水上迫降适航审定对民用飞机设计影响分析

随着全球航班跨海飞行变得越来越频繁,民用飞机水上迫降逐渐成为国内外适航审定部门关注的重点,从民用飞机水上迫降基本概念出发,立足于水上迫降适航条款要求,参考国内外相关文献,并结合民用飞机水上迫降适航审定经验和教训,给出了民用飞机水上迫降适航符合性验证中关于水上迫降应急设备、应急出口、最大客座量、应急撤离时间和漂浮时间的适航审定要求及相关研究思考,重点论述了不申请水上迫降合格审定和申请水上迫降合格审定两种情况下相关水上迫降适航条款蕴含的深层次要求和进行适航符合性验证的不同思路方法以及为符合水上迫降适航审定要求需在飞机设计早期阶段着重予以考虑的事项,以期为国内其他飞机型号的研制提供一定参考和借鉴。     

民用飞机适航审定管理信息系统研究与开发

随着民用飞机项目研制和型号取证的逐步深入,需要进行多项适航验证试验和试飞工作,同时由于适航审定过程中涉及的文档和表单众多,函件来往频繁,统计难、查找难、跟踪难等问题逐步显现,因此如何构建高效、实用的适航取证审定管理信息系统并推动型号适航审定的进程,成为当前型号合格证审定面临的一个主要问题。从分析建立民用飞机适航审定管理信息系统的背景与意义入手,重点阐述了系统的总体架构。在此基础上,详细分析了系统开发的技术要求,并给出了系统建议方案。本文中的适航取＂证＂,专指型号合格证（TC）。     

民用飞机防火系统适航试验研究

民用运输类飞机是按照中国民用航空规章第25部运输类飞机适航标准进行研制设计和适航审定的。基于某民用飞机适航取证试飞工作,本文介绍了民用飞机防火系统的适航要求、验证目的和适航试验方法,为从事飞机防火系统研究的人员提供参考。     

民机起落架系统研制适航工作分析

在梳理国家适航法规要求、适航管理机制、民机研制过程、适航审定过程的基础上,对民机起落架系统研制过程相关适航工作要求开展分析,明确了民机起落架系统随航空器型号合格审定、生产许可审定和适航合格审定一起批准（随机适航）过程中的适航工作目标和主要适航工作内容,并对起落架系统持续适航工作进行了简要论述。民机起落架系统研制随机适航工作虽然属于航空器适航取证工作的组成部分,但起落架系统研制单位仍承担其产品适航性的“第一责任”,研究内容对民机起落架系统研制单位开展项目策划和研制体系建设具有指导作用。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.